↑Amin, O. A, Heckmann, R. A & Ha, N. V. (2014) Acanthocephalans from fishes and amphibians in Vietnam, with descriptions of five new species. Parasite, 21, 53 doi10.1051/parasite/2014052
↑Robert L. Usinger; Storer. 1951. General Zoology. Sixth edition. McGraw-Hill, Inc. Page-437.