Carolina Geranium

Geranium carolinianum is a species of geranium known by the common name Carolina crane's-bill, ^[1] or Carolina geranium. ^[2] This species is native to North America, where it is widespread and grows in many types of habitat. There are two varieties; Geranium carolinianum var. carolinianum and the Geranium carolinianum var. sphaerospermum. This is a summer or winter annual herb. It can be considered invasive depending on the region, when it is found in the United States it is considered to be native.^[3]

The USDA has specific symbols or coding labeled for each plant in their database. For the Geranium carolinianum, it is GECAC4.^[4]

Description

The plant has erect stems covered in spiky hairs. The color of the stem is typically pink to red. There are two leaves per node on each stem, called opposite leaves. The stem is not succulent and not nutrient-rich as a source of calories for herbivores.^[5]

The palmate leaves are several centimeters wide, ranging between 3–8 cm. with a growth pattern of alternate, and usually divided into five segments which are each subdivided into elegantly pointed lobes and secondary lobes; they can be toothed or the leaves can be cleft. The leaf color can also appear grayish-green due to fine pubescent hairs that are present on the leaves.

The inflorescence is a cluster of one to several small flowers. Each flower has five-pointed sepals which can be as long as the petals, and five-notched petals in shades of white, light pink to lavender. This is a distinguishing factor for discriminating G. carolinianum from other species of Geranium. The flowers form in short tight clusters which grow off the main stems. The anthers do not have nectar spurs. The carpels have hair and are fused together. There are five carpels and one pistil. The petals are rounded. The color of the sepals is green to brown; they are ovate. Despite being thin, dry and paper-like, the sepals are flexible.^[6] The plant does not persist after flowering. Flowers of G. carolinianum bloom in late May to July. They do not give off any strong aroma or scent to attract pollinators into visiting the flower, but rather depend on visual stimuli for insects to be attracted for the benefit of the naturally produced sap.

The fruit has a hairy body and a style up to 1.5 centimeters long; it can grow to a length of 5mm. The fruit of the plant has long beak-like structures giving the plant its nickname of "Cranesbill." The seed surfaces are finely reticulated. The seeds have pits or depressions in them and are wingless. The fruit is dry, and does not split open when ripened. The root system of Geranium carolinium is a taproot structure that can grow to a depth of 15 centimeters. The plant has a superior ovary.

Range and Distribution

Geranium carolinianum is found throughout much of the continental United States, from the New England region south to Central Mexico and along the Eastern coast.^[7] The plant likes arid areas that are nutrient-poor and have little competition, such as clay and limestone prairies, lawns and roadsides, as well as abandoned fields and farmlands.^[8]

The pH that the Geranium carolinianum can survive in, is relatively high comparatively; the pH that is suitable for most plants is considerably lower. The plant can be found in conditions that are inhospitable to most plants as long as there is water available within reason.

Medicinal Applications

There is potential for Geranium carolinianum to fight Hepatitis B. The ethanol extracted from the plant has been effective in treating inflammatory issues as well.^[9] The presence of the anti-HBV compounds in the geraniin, ellagic acid and hyperin in G. carolinianum L. might account for the effectiveness of this folk medicine in the treatment of HBV infections.^[10]

Image depicts the flowers of G. carolinianum.

Cultivation

Geranium carolinianum enjoys soils that do not have excessive competition. It does well in very bright to partial sunshine places.^[11] The plant may be considered invasive in multiple states, each depending on the growth and distribution of the plant. In Kentucky, New York, and Illinois Carolina Cransbill is considered invasive because it grows rampantly, and can smother desirable plants. It is self-seeding and can survive being transplanted from one location to another in cultivation.^[12]

Wildlife use

Insect visitors that have been observed collecting nectar include long-tongued bees (Megachile spp.), short-tongued bees (Halictid bees), and flower flies (Syrphids) who, in the larval stage, can provide early, cool-season aphid control. Northern Bobwhite Quails as well as Mourning Doves are known to eat the seeds of the plant.^[13] It is also a preferred winter forage for White-tailed Deer in the Southeast, with an average of 19 percent crude protein in the vegetative state.^[14]

References

Geranium carolinianum es una especie de la familia de las geraniáceas.

Hábitat

Es nativa de América del Norte, donde está muy extendida y crece en muchos tipos de hábitat.

Detalle de la inflorescencia

Descripción

Esta es una hierba anual de llegar a algo más de la mitad de un metro de altura máxima. Tiene tallos erguidos cubiertos de pelos espigados. Las hojas son palmadas de varios centímetros de ancho y por lo general divididas en cinco segmentos que se subdividen a su vez en lóbulos. La inflorescencia es un grupo de una a varias flores pequeñas. Cada flor, hermafrodita, tiene cinco sépalos y cinco pétalos escotados en tonos de color blanco a lavanda. El fruto tiene un peludo cuerpo y un estilo de hasta 1,5 centímetros de largo.

Taxonomía

Geranium carolinianum fue descrita por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 682. 1753.^[1]​

Etimología

Geranium: nombre genérico que deriva del griego: geranion, que significa "grulla", aludiendo a la apariencia del fruto, que recuerda al pico de esta ave.^[2]​

carolinianum: epíteto geográfico que alude a localización en Carolina del Norte.

Sinonimia

• Geranium atrum Moench
• Geranium carolinianum forma albiflorum B.Boivin
• Geranium carolinianum var. carolinianum L.
• Geranium carolinianum var. confertiflorum Fernald
• Geranium carolinianum var. sphaerospermum (Fernald) Breitung
• Geranium carolinum Burm.f.
• Geranium carolinum Crantz
• Geranium dissectum var. carolinianum (L.) Hook.f.
• Geranium langloisii Greene
• Geranium lanuginosum Jacq.
• Geranium lenticulum Raf.
• Geranium sphaerospermum Fernald
• Geranium thermale Rydb.^[3]​^[4]​

Referencias

Geranium carolinianum là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Mỏ hạc. Loài này được L. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1753.^[1]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Liên kết ngoài

• Phương tiện liên quan tới Geranium carolinianum tại Wikimedia Commons
• Dữ liệu liên quan tới Geranium carolinianum tại Wikispecies
• Vườn thực vật hoàng gia Kew; Đại học Harvard; Australian Plant Name Index (biên tập). “Geranium carolinianum”. International Plant Names Index. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Bài viết về thực vật Bộ Mỏ hạc này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.

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野老鹳草（学名：Geranium carolinianum）为牻牛儿苗科老鹳草属的植物。分布于美洲以及中国大陆的云南、浙江、四川、山东、湖北、湖南、江苏、安徽、江西等地，生长于海拔1,000米至3,200米的地区，多生在平原及低山荒坡杂草丛中。

参考文献

外部連結

• 老鸛草 Laoguancao 中藥材圖像數據庫 (香港浸會大學中醫藥學院)

アメリカフウロ（亜米利加風露、Geranium carolinianum）は、フウロソウ科フウロソウ属の雑草。北アメリカ原産の帰化植物。現在は全国の道ばたなどによく見かける。

一年草で、茎はやや倒れながら伸びる。葉は大きく3～5裂し、それぞれの裂片はさらに分かれている。花は薄い紫で小さく、茎の先端に散房状につくが、小さくて目立たない。

参考文献[編集]

• 林弥栄監修、平野隆久写真 『野に咲く花』 山と溪谷社〈山溪ハンディ図鑑1〉、1989年、ISBN 4-635-07001-8。
• 『写真で見る外来雑草』 畜産技術協会、1995年、ISBN 4-88137-056-1。

関連項目[編集]

• 帰化植物

花[編集]

• 白く、花弁は５ミリほど。

미국쥐손이는 북미 원산의 귀화식물로 , 한국 제주도를 비롯해 중부와 남부지방에서 자라는 한해살이풀이며 높이는 10-40cm이다. 쥐손이풀과이며 학명은 Geranium carolinianum이다.^[1]

특징

줄기는 연한 털과 함께 회색의 샘털이 간혹 있다. 잎은 마주나게 달리고 신장형 또는 원형이며 5-9개로 깊이 갈라진다. 갈래조각은 긴 타원형으로 톱니가 있다. 꽃은 5-8월에 줄기 끝에 달리는 꽃자루에 2-6개의 옅은 분홍색 꽃이 핀다. 거의 흰색에 가깝게 피기도 한다. 꽃받침은 난형이고 끝에 바늘처럼 생긴 짧은 돌기가 있다. 꽃잎은 도란형이고 끝이 오목하게 팬다. 수술은 10개이고 암술은 1개이다. 열매는 긴 피침형이며 미세한 털로 덮여 있다. 씨는 난상의 긴 타원형이다.

이름

미국이 원산지인 쥐손이풀 종류라는 뜻의 이름이다.

각주