Marmosops (lat. Marmosops) - opossumlar fəsiləsinə aid heyvan cinsi.
Marmosops és un gènere d'opòssums, un grup de marsupials sud-americans.
Die Schlankbeutelratten (Marmosops) sind eine Gattung aus der Familie der Beutelratten (Didelphidae). Sie sind in Amerika beheimatet, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet reicht von Panama bis ins mittlere Südamerika.
Schlankbeutelratten sind mausähnliche Beuteltiere, die allerdings keinen Beutel besitzen. Ihr Fell ist an der Oberseite grau oder braun gefärbt, die Unterseite ist heller, oft weißlich. Wie alle kleineren Beutelratten haben sie große Augen, eine spitze Schnauze und große Ohren. Diese Tiere erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 9 bis 16 Zentimetern und eine Schwanzlänge von 11 bis 22 Zentimetern.
Lebensraum der Schlankbeutelratten sind vorwiegend Wälder, manchmal kommen sie auch auf Plantagen vor. Es sind nachtaktive Einzelgänger, die meistens in den Bäumen leben, manchmal aber auch auf den Boden kommen. Tagsüber schlafen sie in Nestern aus Blättern und Zweigen oder verwenden leere Vogelnester. Sie sind Allesfresser, die in erster Linie Insekten und Früchte zu sich nehmen. Manchmal verzehren sie auch kleine Wirbeltiere und Vogeleier.
Da die Weibchen keinen Beutel haben, schleppen sie die Jungtiere in den ersten Lebensmonaten an ihrem Körper hängend mit sich herum. Wie bei allen Beutelratten ist die Tragzeit kurz (rund 14 Tage), die Wurfgröße hoch (6 bis 7) und die Lebenserwartung gering.
Schlankbeutelratten werden vom Menschen nicht direkt verfolgt, leiden aber am Verlust des Lebensraumes durch Waldrodungen.
Vor 1989 wurden die Schlankbeutelratten in die Gattung der Zwergbeutelratten (Marmosa) eingeordnet. Die beiden Gattungen unterscheiden sich jedoch in Details des Schädelbaus und durch eine Drüse am Kehlkopf, die bei den Männchen der Schlankbeutelratten im Gegensatz zu den Zwergbeutelratten fehlt.
Zur Gattung Marmosops gehören über 20 Arten:[En 1]
Im Beuteltierband des Handbook of the Mammals of the World werden zwei weitere Arten genannt, die Neblina-Schlankbeutelratte (M. neblina Gardner, 1990) aus dem westlichen Amazonasbecken und Tschudis Schlankbeutelratte (M. impavidus Tschudi, 1845) aus dem nordwestlichen Südamerika.[En 1] Erstere ist möglicherweise ein Synonym von Marmosops caucae und die Bezeichnung Marmosops impavidus wurde in der Vergangenheit für zwei verschiedene Arten genutzt und da ein Typusexemplar nicht auffindbar ist gilt die Art gegenwärtig als Nomen dubium.[En 5]
Die verwandtschaftlichen Beziehungen eines großen Teils der Arten der Schlankbeutelratten untereinander verdeutlicht das folgende Kladogramm:[En 5]
Marmosops Untergattung MarmosopsMarmosops ‘Condor A’
Marmosops ‘Condor B’
Marmosops caucae u. Marmosops ucayaliensis[Anm 1]
Marmosops ‘Juruá’
Das Kladogramm zeigt das es in der Untergattung Marmosops drei bisher nicht beschriebene Arten (Marmosops ‘Condor A’, Marmosops ‘Condor B’ und Marmosops ‘Juruá’) gibt. Diese drei Arten kommen alle in Peru, am Ostabhang der Anden, sowie im östlich davon gelegenen peruanischen Teil des Amazonasregenwaldes und Marmosops ‘Juruá’ auch im angrenzenden westlichen Brasilien und im nördlichen Bolivien vor.[En 5]
Die Schlankbeutelratten (Marmosops) sind eine Gattung aus der Familie der Beutelratten (Didelphidae). Sie sind in Amerika beheimatet, ihr Verbreitungsgebiet reicht von Panama bis ins mittlere Südamerika.
Marmosops huwa ġeneru ta' mammiferi marsupjali, eżattament l-opossumi tal-kontinent Amerikan.
Dan il-ġeneru qiegħed klassifikat fil-klassi Mammalia, fis-sottoklassi Theria, fl-infraklassi Metatheria (il-marsupjali), fis-superordni Ameridelphia (il-marsupjali Amerikani minnbarra l-kolokolo), fl-ordni Didelphimorphia, fis-superfamilja Didelphoidea, fil-familja Didelphidae, fis-sottofamilja Didelphinae u fit-tribù Thylamyini, mal-ġeneri Cryptonanus, Gracilinanus, Lestodelphys, Chacodelphys, Thylamys u Thylatheridium.
Il-ġeneru Marmosops jiġbor fih bosta speċi ħajjin, imqassmin mas-sottoġeneri Incanus, Invictus, Noctivagus u Parvidens.
Marmosops huwa ġeneru ta' mammiferi marsupjali, eżattament l-opossumi tal-kontinent Amerikan.
Dan il-ġeneru qiegħed klassifikat fil-klassi Mammalia, fis-sottoklassi Theria, fl-infraklassi Metatheria (il-marsupjali), fis-superordni Ameridelphia (il-marsupjali Amerikani minnbarra l-kolokolo), fl-ordni Didelphimorphia, fis-superfamilja Didelphoidea, fil-familja Didelphidae, fis-sottofamilja Didelphinae u fit-tribù Thylamyini, mal-ġeneri Cryptonanus, Gracilinanus, Lestodelphys, Chacodelphys, Thylamys u Thylatheridium.
Il-ġeneru Marmosops jiġbor fih bosta speċi ħajjin, imqassmin mas-sottoġeneri Incanus, Invictus, Noctivagus u Parvidens.
Marmosops is a genus of Neotropical opossums of the family Didelphidae. The genus was originally treated as a subgenus from the genus Marmosa rather than having their own classification. This was changed in 1989 by Gardner and Crieghton, who officially separated the group and made them their own genus. The mix-up between to genera Marmosa and Marmosops was common due to the similar appearances including size and other external features. However, the two groups differ significantly in their integument and in the arrangement of their skull and dentition.[1] The dentition is similar in morphology between the two groups, with the exception of the deciduous lower third premolar varying from one genus to the next. The similarity between the two continues to cause the genus Marmosops to be frequently misidentified due to the lack of knowledge regarding the species along with the overlooked traits that help separate them from other opossums.[1] The Marmosops are also commonly confused with the genus Gracilinanus, but this is quickly ruled out by a large number of differing characteristics.[1] These differences include the arrangement of their digits, caudal (anatomical term) scales, and the central hair on the scales changing from a three hairs per follicle to many more. This causes the hair of the Gracilinanus to be thicker and has also found to be heavily pigmented.[1] The last group commonly confused with Marmosops is known as the genus Thylamys. These animals have a contrasting dorsal body pelage and the taxa are actually quite different.[1]
The genus Marmosops includes the following species:[4]
The Marmosops tend to be nocturnal, small marsupials and have been found to live on the ground. Many females of the M. paulensis species are known to be extremely territorial with a strong defense of their food, especially while in the presence of their young.[5] The genus Marmosops is frequently misidentified and lumped into groups containing other species.[6] As of today, Marmosops are currently recognized as a distinct taxon with 36 taxa: 14 valid species and 22 subspecies.[1] The species within the genus differ slightly, but not enough to be classified as separate genera. Some of the species are also nicknamed by appearance, with the M. paulensis known as the slender opossum, the M. noctivagus recognized as the largest species and the M. bishopi the smallest of the genus.[7]
The main habitat for the Marmosops is found between the Neotropical humid forests ranging from Panama to the South of Brazil and sometimes in Bolivia as well.[6] The Marmosops prefer to live on the grounds of forests, staying away from high branches of trees. They often hide in the dense understory with high plant coverage surrounding them. They are highly influenced by rain and predation, with migration occurring more often during certain seasons.[8] The genus is never found to live up in a canopy (biology) or in the trees, but instead typically prefer more accessible habitats where it is easier to hide. There is not much known regarding the habitat of the genus due to their migration patterns and unique preferences.[1]
The diet of Marmosops includes, but is not limited to fruit, arthropods, flowers and small vertebrates.[9] They also will eat insects, arachnids, and gastropods depending on the species and time of the year. Their diet seems to change with the seasons, with more diversity in food preference shown in the drier seasons. Each species has a slightly different diet depending on their habitat and what is available in that area.[10]
Most of the Marmosops carry their offspring in utero and feed them through the process of lactation.[7] There is a high reproduction rate in the months of September through March for M. paulensis, with more mating occurring when there is a larger food supply. For this species, death occurred after every mating event was completed. This ensured that there was no more than one mating event for each animal that reproduced.[11] Successful breeding depends on the presence of females, and many may have multiple mating partners in order to produce more offspring if they do not die after one event.[5] The M. paulensis species have higher breeding rates when the length of day is longer and there is more fruit available to eat. Semelparity also was found to occur in this species, but is hypothesized to occur only due to phylogenic constraints. It seems as though there is synchrony of the females for the species due to swollen nipples around the time of breeding.[11] The M. incanus have also been found to exhibit semelparity with a distinct breeding season between the months of October through December. For the breeding season, it is more beneficial for the females to be larger in order to produce larger litters, yielding higher breeding success over the smaller sized females. When looking at milk production and food supply for the genus, there was a strong correlation found between the two as well. In times where there was more food, there was more milk produced by the females.[11] As far as the males, they seem to generally disappear after the mating event while the females remain in the area until their young are done weaning. This pattern leads to the generations being replaced every breeding season due to mortality of the adults. Overall, there is not much known about the reproductive patterns of the other species due to the little knowledge collected on the genus as a whole.[9] There is a lack of pouch.
The Marmosops noctivagus species have been involved in a big debate on which Genus they belong to. One study found them located in Columbia, which was previously an unknown location as far as Marmosops are concerned. They were identified by the chestnut brown hair on their back and white hair on their ventral side along with black facial features. They also have long tails with two different colors.[6] The M. noctivagus also has a skull with a long nose and cranial openings between the squamosal and parietal bones. This is present in some of the animals and absent in others. The cranial openings under the squamosal bones, also known as fenestra (anatomy), are small and rounded.[6] The dental arrangement for the species consists of large canine teeth but lack accessory cusps, correlating with the age and sex of the animal. These teeth are significantly smaller in the females.[6] The Marmosops bishopi are another species of the genus Marmosops found in the western Brazilian Amazon rainforest and other areas of Peru and Bolivia.[6] Marmosops incanus are another species in the genus that have a mask made of black fur around their eyes. Some other distinguishing characteristics include the third digit being longer than the second and the fourth along with an extremely long tail. They do not have a fenestra on the maxilla, but the fenestra cochlea is exposed [1] The Marmosops creightoni is a species that is medium in size with a coat that is almost completely dark with no clear distinction between the dorsal and ventral sides. This is the only species of the genus without the white markings on the underside. The chin fur is white and continues down to the throat along with a black mask around the eyes. The skull consists of small orbits with long nasal bones and the infraorbital foramen is very large. This species has a fenestra between the maxilla and palatine bone, which are both long and narrow on each side. The palatine fenestra are rather small in size.[1] The M. handleyi is one last species with very little known about it. However, rather recently there has been new information uncovered. The species is characterized by its woody dorsal fur, gray ventral fur and a rounded palatine fenestra. They are intermediately sized compared to the rest of the genus and have dark black facial masks. They were found to lack throat glands as well. They have white or light gray ears and the females are unique due to the odd rusty-red color of their mammary area with seven nipples located on the abdominal region.[12]
Marmosops is a genus of Neotropical opossums of the family Didelphidae. The genus was originally treated as a subgenus from the genus Marmosa rather than having their own classification. This was changed in 1989 by Gardner and Crieghton, who officially separated the group and made them their own genus. The mix-up between to genera Marmosa and Marmosops was common due to the similar appearances including size and other external features. However, the two groups differ significantly in their integument and in the arrangement of their skull and dentition. The dentition is similar in morphology between the two groups, with the exception of the deciduous lower third premolar varying from one genus to the next. The similarity between the two continues to cause the genus Marmosops to be frequently misidentified due to the lack of knowledge regarding the species along with the overlooked traits that help separate them from other opossums. The Marmosops are also commonly confused with the genus Gracilinanus, but this is quickly ruled out by a large number of differing characteristics. These differences include the arrangement of their digits, caudal (anatomical term) scales, and the central hair on the scales changing from a three hairs per follicle to many more. This causes the hair of the Gracilinanus to be thicker and has also found to be heavily pigmented. The last group commonly confused with Marmosops is known as the genus Thylamys. These animals have a contrasting dorsal body pelage and the taxa are actually quite different.
Marmosops es un género de marsupiales didelfimorfos de la familia Didelphidae, conocidos vulgarmente como marmosas o raposas esbeltas. Como ocurre con otros géneros de didélfidos, la ubicación cladística de las especies de Marmosops no está definida perfectamente.
Se reconocen las siguientes:
Las marmosas esbeltas pueblan la región neotropical desde Panamá hasta el norte y este de Sudamérica.
Algunas especies como la marmosa esbelta gris (Marmosops incanus) están ampliamente distribuidas por estas regiones, mientras que otras como la marmosa esbelta negra (Marmosops invictus) solo puede encontrarse en áreas muy delimitadas.
Jóvenes y adultos presentan la misma capa, si bien en los de mayor edad el pelo es más largo. Varía del pardo al gris en el dorso, tornándose más claro en el vientre. Por otra parte, la longitud del mismo presenta variaciones estacionales en función de la temperatura ambiental.
Las orejas son grandes y desnudas. Los ojos saltones están perfilados por sendas manchas negras que se extienden hacia el hocico. Presenta marcado dimorfismo sexual, alcanzando tamaños mayores los machos que las hembras. La cola es larga, aproximadamente de la longitud de un cuerpo y medio, desnuda y prensil.
Son animales de hábitos parcialmente arborícolas, se desplazan con lentos movimientos entre las ramas de árboles y arbustos en el estrato más bajo de la floresta. La hembra parece mostrar un comportamiento gregario, mientras que los machos suelen ser más bien sedentarios.
La mayor parte de las especies estudiadas de este género se alimentan de insectos y frutas principalmente, sin descartar otros recursos tanto animales como vegetales. En concreto, M. incanus, parece mostrar especial predilección por grandes insectos como escarabajos, langostas y saltamontes.
La biología reproductiva de las especies del género no está profundamente estudiada en todas ellas, aunque los datos referentes a M. incanus, pueden ser muy similares a los de las demás especies.[cita requerida]
La marmosa esbelta gris presenta un curioso ciclo vital en relación con la reproducción. Los partos se concentran entre septiembre y diciembre, tiempo después del cual, los machos mueren. Las hembras alcanzan el mes de mayo y mueren también, de tal modo que durante los meses de junio a agosto, solo existen jóvenes nacidos durante el año anterior que se reproducirán al finalizar el presente.
En general se trata de especies poco conocidas que deben ser consideradas como raras en la mayor parte de los casos. No obstante, como ocurre en el caso de M.incanus, la especie más extendida del género, cuando se dispone de datos suficientes, pueden descartarse amenazas para la perduración de algunas de ellas.
Marmosops es un género de marsupiales didelfimorfos de la familia Didelphidae, conocidos vulgarmente como marmosas o raposas esbeltas. Como ocurre con otros géneros de didélfidos, la ubicación cladística de las especies de Marmosops no está definida perfectamente.
Ce genre de sarigues ou opossums comprend les espèces suivantes :
Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons Oposulek[3] (Marmosops) – rodzaj ssaka z podrodziny dydelfów (Didelphinae) w rodzinie dydelfowatych (Didelphidae).
Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące od Panamy po środkową część Ameryki Południowej[4].
Długość ciała (bez ogona) 7,9–19,4 cm, długość ogona 11,6–23,7 cm; masa ciała 11–140 g[4].
Marmosops: rodzaj Marmosa J.E. Gray, 1821 (oposek); gr. ωψ ōps, ωπος ōpos „twarz”[5].
Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki[4][3][6]:
Oposulek (Marmosops) – rodzaj ssaka z podrodziny dydelfów (Didelphinae) w rodzinie dydelfowatych (Didelphidae).
Marmosops é um gênero de marsupiais da família dos didelfiídeos (Didelphidae). Os animais deste gênero são conhecidos como cuícas-esbeltas.
São reconhecidas 17 espécies:[2][3][4][5]
Marmosops dorothea reconhecida como espécie distinta no Mammals Species of the World em 2005, é tratada como sinônimo de M. noctivagus, e M. ocellatus e M. caucae tratadas como sinônimos de M. impavidus, foram elevadas a categoria de espécies distintas.[2][3][4]
Marmosops é um gênero de marsupiais da família dos didelfiídeos (Didelphidae). Os animais deste gênero são conhecidos como cuícas-esbeltas.
Marmosops är ett släkte i familjen pungråttor som förekommer i Central- och Sydamerika.
Arterna liknas möss i utseende men är inte släkt med dem. De tillhör infraklassen pungdjur men honor saknar pung (Marsupium). Pälsen har på ovansidan en grå eller brun färg och är på buken ljusare, ofta vitaktig. Kring ögonen finns en mörk ring. Honor har nio spenar. I motsats till släktet Thylamys kan de inte lagra fett i svansen före den kalla årstiden. De når en kroppslängd mellan 9 och 16 cm och därtill kommer en 11 till 22 cm lång svans. Vikten varierar mellan 25 och 85 gram.[1]
Arterna räknades ursprungligen till släktet dvärgpungråttor (Marmosa) men de flyttades till ett eget släkte. Släktet utgörs av 9 till 15 arter.[1][2]
Dessa pungråttor lever i fuktiga skogar i låglandet och i bergstrakter. De är främst aktiva på natten och vistas vanligen på träd. Födan utgörs av insekter och frukter. Honor föder ungefär sju ungar per kull.[1]
Arterna jagas inte men de hotas av habitatförstörelse.[1] IUCN listar 15 arter i släktet. Marmosop handleyi listas som akut hotad (CR) flera med kunskapsbrist (DD) och de flesta som livskraftiga (LC).[3]
Marmosops är ett släkte i familjen pungråttor som förekommer i Central- och Sydamerika.
Їх хутро сіре або коричневе зверху, знизу яскраве, часто білувате. Вони мають великі очі, загострену морду і великі вуха. Ці тварини досягають довжини тіла 9-16 сантиметрів і завдовжки хвоста від 11 до 22 сантиметрів. Вага 24—85 грамів.
Їх діапазон поширення простирається від Панами до Південної Америки. Населяють переважно ліс, іноді вони також зустрічаються на плантаціях.
Це нічні одинаки, які в основному живуть на деревах, але іноді спускаються на землю. Протягом дня вони сплять у гніздах, зроблених з листків і гілок, або використовують незайняті гнізда птахів. Вони всеїдні, харчуються в основному комахами і плодами. Іноді вони також їдять дрібних хребетних і яйця птахів.
Через те, що самиці не мають сумок, вони тягають дитинчат перші місяці на тілі. Мають короткий період вагітності (близько 14 днів), високий розмір виводку (від 6 до 7) й невелику очікувану тривалість життя.
Вони не переслідуються безпосередньо людиною, але страждають від втрати середовища існування в результаті збезлісення.
Marmosops là một chi động vật có vú trong họ Didelphidae, bộ Didelphimorphia. Chi này được Matschie miêu tả năm 1916.[1] Loài điển hình của chi này là Didelphis incana Lund, 1840, by original designation.
Chi này gồm các loài:
Phương tiện liên quan tới Marmosops tại Wikimedia Commons
.png){kind=small}
Bài viết liên quan đến động vật có vú này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Marmosops là một chi động vật có vú trong họ Didelphidae, bộ Didelphimorphia. Chi này được Matschie miêu tả năm 1916. Loài điển hình của chi này là Didelphis incana Lund, 1840, by original designation.
가는주머니쥐속(Marmosops)은 주머니쥐과에 속하는 유대류 속이다.[1] 1989년 이전에는 쇠주머니쥐속에 속하는 아속의 하나로 분류했다.
다음은 주머니쥐과의 계통 분류이다.[2]
주머니쥐과 양털주머니쥐아과 주머니쥐아과 쇠주머니쥐족 주머니쥐족 살찐꼬리쇠주머니쥐족다음은 가는주머니쥐속의 계통 분류이다.[3]
가는주머니쥐속
