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Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 5.6 years (captivity) Observations: One captive specimen was at least 5.6 years old when it died (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Behavior

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Perception Channels: tactile ; chemical

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Teeter, K. 2000. "Perameles nasuta" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Perameles_nasuta.html
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Conservation Status

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Perameles nasuta is relatively common within its range, particularly in coastal woodlands. (Nowak, 1991; Strahan, 1995).

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Benefits

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The long-nosed bandicoot will burrow in lawns, gardens, and agricultural fields, and so is considered by some to be a pest.

(Nowak, 1991)

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Trophic Strategy

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Perameles nasuta is mainly insectivorous, although it also eats some plant material, and will occasionally eat worms, mice, and lizards. (Nowak, 1991; Strahan, 1995).

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Distribution

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East coast of Australia

Biogeographic Regions: australian (Native )

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Habitat

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Found in rainforest, wet and dry woodlands, and sometimes in more open areas with little ground cover.

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest

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Life Expectancy

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Average lifespan
Status: captivity:
5.6 years.

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Morphology

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Head and body length 310-425 mm; tail length 120-155 mm.

Both the muzzle and ears are long and pointed. Fur is grayish brown on the dorsal side, and creamy on the ventral side. The forefeet and the top of the hindfeet are also creamy white. The tail is hairy. Unlike some other bandicoots, there is little or no barring on the rump. The pouch of bandicoots opens towards the rear of the mother. In bandicoots, the second and third toes on the hindfeet are syndactylous (joined), and the fourth toe is the main toe on the foot. The joined second and third toes are used in grooming. (Nowak, 1991; Strahan, 1995)

Range mass: 850 to 1100 g.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Average basal metabolic rate: 1.763 W.

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Reproduction

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The gestation period of the long-nosed bandicoot is quite short, about 12.5 days. There can be 1-5 young in a litter, with the usual number being 2 or 3. Bandicoots have a placental structure (but it lacks the villae in the placenta of placental mammals), and the young remain attached to this by umbilical cords for some time after birth, until the young begin suckling on teats in the pouch. Young are weaned at about 60 days, and the mother may have the next litter only a few days after the previous one is weaned. (Nowak, 1991; Strahan, 1995).

Key Reproductive Features: gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual

Average birth mass: 0.245 g.

Average gestation period: 12 days.

Average number of offspring: 2.7.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
135 days.

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Bàndicut de musell llarg ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El bàndicut de musell llarg (Perameles nasuta) és una espècie de bàndicut originària d'Austràlia. És el membre més gran del seu gènere, que també inclou el bàndicut barrat occidental, el bàndicut barrat oriental i el bàndicut del desert; aquest últim és considerat extint com a mínim des de la dècada del 1960.

El bàndicut de musell llarg és molt menys colorit que els seus parents i té un color principalment marró. La seva distribució es troba a la costa oriental d'Austràlia, des de Ravenshoe a Queensland fins a Naringal al sud-oest de Victòria. És un depredador nocturn i solitari d'invertebrats i tubercles.

Referències

 src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Bàndicut de musell llarg Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Bàndicut de musell llarg: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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El bàndicut de musell llarg (Perameles nasuta) és una espècie de bàndicut originària d'Austràlia. És el membre més gran del seu gènere, que també inclou el bàndicut barrat occidental, el bàndicut barrat oriental i el bàndicut del desert; aquest últim és considerat extint com a mínim des de la dècada del 1960.

El bàndicut de musell llarg és molt menys colorit que els seus parents i té un color principalment marró. La seva distribució es troba a la costa oriental d'Austràlia, des de Ravenshoe a Queensland fins a Naringal al sud-oest de Victòria. És un depredador nocturn i solitari d'invertebrats i tubercles.

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Bandikut nosatý ( Czech )

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Bandikut nosatý (Perameles nasuta) má poměrně dlouhý nos a na zádech nemá pruhy.

Výskyt

Vyskytuje se v celé východní Austrálii až po jižní Victorii, avšak v úzkém pruhu podél pobřeží. Obvykle nepřekračuje západní svahy Velkého předělového pohoří. Obývá oblasti od hustého deštného lesa až po krajinu s řídkým porostem.

Základní data

Délka bandikuta nosatého je 30 až 42 cm. Jeho hmotnost je přibližně 850 až 1100 g.

Zajímavosti

Bandikuti vypadají jako malá prasátka. Pomocí nosu hledají na zemi a ve spadaném listí potravu, obzvláště hmyz a jeho larvy, ale i rostlinnou potravu. Pronikají i do okrajových částí měst, např. Sydney, kde v noci prohrabují zahrady. Zahradníci je proto pronásledují jako škůdce. Slovo bandikut pochází z indického drávidského jazyka Telugu, kde slovo pandi kottu nebo pandi kokku znamená "prasečí krysa". Původně se vztahovalo na jiné zvíře - velkou indickou krysu bandikotu(Bandicota indica a B. bengalensis), která se bandikutovi podobá velikostí i dlouhým čenichem. Na australské bandikuty toto jméno přenesli až Angličané v 19. století. Ve starší české literatuře se pro bandikuty používalo jméno vakojezevci.

Reference

  1. Červený seznam IUCN 2018.1. 5. července 2018. Dostupné online. [cit. 2018-08-10]
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Bandikut nosatý: Brief Summary ( Czech )

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Bandikut nosatý (Perameles nasuta) má poměrně dlouhý nos a na zádech nemá pruhy.

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Großer Langnasenbeutler ( German )

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Grün, das Verbreitungsgebiet des Großen Langnasenbeutlers, rot das von Perameles pallescens
 src=
Nachtaufnahme eines Großen Langnasenbeutlers

Der Große Langnasenbeutler (Perameles nasuta) ist ein Beuteltier, das in der östlichen Küstenregion von Queensland von Mackay im Norden bis zum südöstlichen Victoria vorkommt. Die ursprünglich als Unterart P. nasuta pallescens der Art zugerechneten Langnasenbeutlerpopulation im Nordosten von Queensland gilt inzwischen als eigenständige Art.[1]

Merkmale

Der Große Langnasenbeutler erreicht eine Kopf-Rumpf-Länge von 31 bis 44,5 cm, hat einen 12 bis 16 cm langen Schwanz und ein Gewicht von 0,52 bis 1,3 kg. Ausgewachsene Männchen sind im Schnitt 25 % schwerer und 10 % länger als die Weibchen. Das Fell ist auf dem Kopf, auf dem Rücken und an den Körperseiten graubraun. Das Bauchfell und die Vorder- und Hinterpfoten sind weißlich oder cremefarben. Die Schnauze ist lang und spitz und die Ohren sind spitz und werden meist aufrecht gehalten.[2]

Von Perameles pallescens unterscheidet sich der Große Langnasenbeutler äußerlich nicht. Allerdings ist die Ausbildung der Zahnhöcker unterschiedlich und der Große Langnasenbeutler besitzt meistens einen niedrigen Scheitelkamm, der den Männchen von Perameles pallescens fehlt oder der nur sehr rudimentär ausgebildet ist. Vom Tasmanischen Langnasenbeutler (Perameles gunnii) und vom Streifen-Langnasenbeutler (Perameles bougainville) kann der Große Langnasenbeutler vor allem durch die fast einheitliche Färbung der Körperseiten unterschieden werden, während die zwei anderen Arten auf den hinteren Körperseiten zwei bis vier helle, senkrecht verlaufende Streifen zeigen. Weitere Unterschiede betreffen die Zahnmorphologie und beim Streifen-Langnasenbeutler auch die Schädelmorphologie. Der Große Langnasenbeutler ist deutlich größer als der Tasmanische Langnasenbeutler und der Streifen-Langnasenbeutler.[1]

Vorkommen und Lebensweise

Die Art kommt in vielen unterschiedlichen Habitaten mit einem jährlichen Niederschlag von mehr als 750 mm vor. Darunter sind offene Wälder, Galeriewälder, Sümpfe und Heidegebiete. In den Vororten von Brisbane und Sydney und weiterer Städte an der Ostküste Australien wird sie auch regelmäßig in Gärten gesichtet. Der Große Langnasenbeutler bevorzugt Regionen mit dichter Vegetation, in der er seine aus trockenen Gräsern und Blättern bestehenden Nester bauen kann. Die Nester, in denen die nachtaktiven Tiere den Tag verbringen, können ein oder zwei Eingänge haben. Sie werden vor Anbruch der Morgendämmerung aufgesucht. Wie die anderen Nasenbeutler ernährt sich der Große Langnasenbeutler vor allem von Insekten und anderen Wirbellosen. Außerdem werden kleine Wirbeltiere, Wirbeltiereier, Früchte, Samen, Pilze und verschiedene Bestandteile von Pflanzen gefressen. Auf dem Boden lebende Beute wird wahrscheinlich vor allem mit Hilfe des Gehörs wahrgenommen, im Erdboden lebende Beute wird erschnüffelt und mit den kräftigen Vorderpfoten ausgegraben. Dabei hinterlässt der Große Langnasenbeutler charakteristische, konisch geformte Erdlöcher, die bis zu 30 cm tief sein können.[2]

Fortpflanzung

Pro Wurf bringt das Weibchen ein bis fünf Junge zur Welt, meist zwei bis drei. Eine spezielle Fortpflanzungszeit wurde nicht festgestellt, allerdings gibt es im Winter weniger Geburten. Die meisten Geburten finden im September und November statt. Die Trächtigkeitsdauer beträgt nur 12,5 Tage. Nachdem die Jungtiere in den Beutel gekrochen sind, saugen sie sich an die Zitzen fest und lösen sich erstmals nach 30 Tagen von ihnen. Mit einem Alter von 62 bis 68 Tagen werden sie entwöhnt. Das Weibchen kümmert sich kurz danach nicht mehr um den Nachwuchs. Oft paart sich das Weibchen erneut, wenn die Jungen 50 bis 55 Tage alt sind, so dass sie unmittelbar nach der Entwöhnung des vorigen Wurfs erneut Jungtiere bekommt. Ein Weibchen kann bis zu vier mal im Jahr gebären. Nur 20 % der Jungtiere erreichen das Erwachsenenalter. Weibchen werden mit vier Monaten geschlechtsreif, bei den Männchen dauert das Erreichen der Geschlechtsreife einen Monat länger.[2]

Gefährdung und Schutzmaßnahmen

Obwohl diese Art durch eingeführte Rotfüchse, Haushunde und Hauskatzen gejagt und der Lebensraum durch Erschließung landwirtschaftlicher Flächen sowie durch menschlichen Siedlungen und Buschbrände bedroht ist, hat dies bisher noch keine negativen Auswirkungen, wie bei anderen Arten aus der Ordnung der Nasenbeutler, auf die Population verursacht. Diese Art kommt in verschiedenen Schutzgebieten vor.[3]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Kenny Travouillon, 2016. Investigating dental variation in Perameles nasuta Geoffroy, 1804, with morphological evidence to raise P. nasuta pallescens Thomas, 1923 to species rank. Zootaxa 4114(4): 351–392. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4114.4.1
  2. a b c Christopher Dickman: Family Peramelidae (Bandicoots and Echymiperas). Seite 392 in Don E. Wilson, Russell A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World – Volume 5. Monotremes and Marsupials. Lynx Editions, 2015, ISBN 978-84-96553-99-6
  3. Perameles nasuta in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2014.2. Eingestellt von: Lunney, D., Dickman, C. & Menkhorst, P., 2008. Abgerufen am 13. Oktober 2014.
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Großer Langnasenbeutler: Brief Summary ( German )

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 src= Grün, das Verbreitungsgebiet des Großen Langnasenbeutlers, rot das von Perameles pallescens  src= Nachtaufnahme eines Großen Langnasenbeutlers

Der Große Langnasenbeutler (Perameles nasuta) ist ein Beuteltier, das in der östlichen Küstenregion von Queensland von Mackay im Norden bis zum südöstlichen Victoria vorkommt. Die ursprünglich als Unterart P. nasuta pallescens der Art zugerechneten Langnasenbeutlerpopulation im Nordosten von Queensland gilt inzwischen als eigenständige Art.

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Long-nosed bandicoot

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The long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta), a marsupial, is a species of bandicoot found in eastern Australia, from north Queensland along the east coast to Victoria. Around 40 centimetres (16 in) long, it is sandy- or grey-brown with a long snouty nose. Omnivorous, it forages for invertebrates, fungi and plants at night.

Taxonomy

Painting by John Gould

French naturalist Étienne Louis Geoffroy described the long-nosed bandicoot in 1804.[3] Swiss naturalist Heinrich Rudolf Schinz described a large specimen from near Bathurst in the Blue Mountains as a new species, Perameles lawson, in 1825, though the specimen was lost at sea in shipwreck.[4] French naturalist Pierre Boitard described Isoodon musei in 1841, both are now classified as P. nasuta.[5]

Two subspecies are recognised:[6] P. nasuta subspecies nasuta is found from western Victoria through eastern New South Wales and north to central Queensland, and P. nasuta subspecies pallescens, found from central Queensland through to the Cape York Peninsula.

The long-nosed bandicoot is the largest member of its genus, which also includes the eastern barred bandicoot and the western barred bandicoot.[7] It is most closely related to the eastern barred bandicoot, the two species having diverged from one another in the late Pliocene. Their ancestors diverged from the ancestor of the western barred bandicoot in the Miocene.[8]

Description

Taken in Crater Lakes National Park, Queensland, Australia

The long-nosed bandicoot is much less colourful than its relatives, being primarily a sandy-brown or greyish colour. It is nocturnal, non-climbing, solitary, and omnivorous. Its body length is around 40 centimetres (16 in), including a tail length of 14 centimetres (5.5 in), and it weighs 1.5 kilograms (3.3 lb). It has a very prominent long nose and small pointed upright ears, a hunched-looking posture, a short tail, a rear-facing pouch, and three long, clawed toes on front feet. The excreta are 3.5 centimetres (1.4 in) long by 1 centimetre (0.39 in) wide. The long-nosed bandicoot has a high-pitched squeak when disturbed.[9]

Distribution and habitat

The species is distributed along the eastern coast of Australia from Cape York Peninsula in Queensland to New South Wales and Victoria.[9] It is found in rainforest, moist gullies and grassy woodlands.[9]

Long-nosed bandicoots benefit from a mosaic of mixed habitats, including open grassy areas (such as lawns in urban areas) that they forage in at night-time and sheltered areas with undergrowth that they retreat to and nest in.[10]

Conservation

Widely distributed, it is classified as least concern on the IUCN Red List, with some localised decline in the southern part of its range.[2] Although faring better than many other native mammal species in the face of human impact, the long-nosed bandicoot vanished from much of Sydney in the 1960s. It is restricted to the outskirts such as the upper North Shore and Ku-ring-gai Chase National Park in the north, Blue Mountains in the west, Holsworthy in the southwest and Royal National Park in the south.[11] The species is a common visitor to gardens of people living near Garigal and Ku-ring-gai Chase National Parks and are generally well received.[12] Two small populations remain in the inner Sydney urban area: A population at North Head has been designated as endangered by the New South Wales government.[13] It is thought to number around 200 individuals. Sydney's Taronga Zoo is undertaking a breeding program to bolster the population.[14] A population centred around the urbanised suburb of Dulwich Hill in the Inner West was identified in 2002. Little remnant habitat exists and the numbers are thought to be low, though the bandicoots appear to have adapted to foraging in more urban habitat.[11] The population has been classified as endangered.[15]

Behaviour

Long-nosed bandicoots are solitary individuals, interacting little when not mating or parenting.[16]

Feeding

The long-nosed bandicoot is omnivorous and nocturnal, foraging for insects, such as beetles and beetle larvae (grubs), plants, including the roots of monocots, and fungi,[17] Invertebrates make up most of the diet year-round, with spiders, caterpillars, leaves and seeds more common food items in summer and cicada larvae, blades of grass, bracts (tiny true leaves) of wattles, and underground items such as roots and fungi eaten more in winter.[18] Long-nosed bandicoots spend much of their time digging,[16] and often leave characteristic conical holes in the ground where they have foraged looking for grubs in the soil.[11] It is often found near compost heaps.[9] The Long-nosed bandicoot is a host of the Acanthocephalan intestinal parasite Australiformis semoni.[19]

A field study in Booderee National Park showed that bandicoot numbers markedly increased following increase in invertebrate numbers before declining within two years.[20]

Breeding

Gestation lasts 12.5 days,[16] one of the shortest known of mammal species.[21] The young spend another 50 to 54 days in the mother's pouch before being weaned.[16]

Predators

The long-nosed bandicoot is a common prey item of the introduced red fox. The greater sooty owl preys on bandicoots.[22]

Captivity

This bandicoot was first bred in captivity by Eleanor Stodart of the CSIRO in 1964. It appears to be straightforward to breed as long as ample space is supplied.[16]

References

  1. ^ Groves, C.P. (2005). "Order Peramelemorphia". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. ^ a b Lunney, D.; Dickman, C.; Menkhorst, P. (2008). "Perameles nasuta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2008: e.T40554A10333669. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T40554A10333669.en.
  3. ^ Geoffroy [Saint-Hilaire], Étienne (1804). "Mémoire sur un nouveau genre de mammifères à bourse, nommé Péramèles". Annales du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle. Paris (in French). 4: 56–64 [62–64].
  4. ^ Quoy, J.R.C.; Gaimard, J.P. (1824). "Zoologie". In Freycinet, L.C.D. de (ed.). Voyage autour du Monde, entrepris par ordre du Roi, exécuté sur les corvettes de S.M. Uranie et la Physicienne, pendant les années 1817, 1818, 1819 et 1820. Vol. 3. Paris: Pillet Aîné. pp. 57, 711.
  5. ^ Australian Biological Resources Study (29 October 2010). "Subspecies Perameles nasuta nasuta Geoffroy, 1804". Australian Faunal Directory. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  6. ^ Australian Biological Resources Study (18 February 2011). "Names List for Perameles nasuta Geoffroy, 1804". Australian Faunal Directory. Canberra, Australian Capital Territory: Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts, Australian Government. Retrieved 7 April 2016.
  7. ^ Menkhorst, Peter (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press. p. 78.
  8. ^ Westerman, M; Krajewski, C (2000). "Molecular relationships of the Australian bandicoot genera Isoodon and Perameles (Marsupialia: Peramelina)". Australian Mammalogy. 22 (1): 1–8. doi:10.1071/AM00001.
  9. ^ a b c d Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland. Queensland Museum Publication. (2000), p. 335.
  10. ^ Chambers, Lisa K.; Dickman, Chris R. (2002). "Habitat selection of the long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta (Mammalia, Peramelidae), in a patchy urban environment". Austral Ecology. 27 (3): 334–42. doi:10.1046/j.1442-9993.2002.t01-1-01185.x.
  11. ^ a b c Leary, Tanya; Kwok, Alan; Khan, Ben; Ibbetson, Paul (2009). "Yuppie bandicoots of inner western Sydney–in hiding or urban renewal?." (PDF). In Daniel Lunney; Pat Hutchings; Dieter Hochuli (eds.). The Natural History of Sydney. Royal Zoological Society of New South Wales. pp. 415–25. ISBN 9780980327236.
  12. ^ Dowle, Matthew; Deane, Elizabeth M. (2009). "Attitudes to native bandicoots in an urban environment". European Journal of Wildlife Research. 55 (1): 45–52. doi:10.1007/s10344-008-0212-9. S2CID 45694536.
  13. ^ Dickman, Chris (28 February 2011). "Long-nosed bandicoot population, North Head - endangered population listing: NSW Scientific Committee - final determination". Threatened species. Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales Government. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  14. ^ Taronga Conservation Society. "Long-nosed Bandicoot Breeding Program". Mosman, New South Wales: Taronga Zoo. Archived from the original on 14 April 2016. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  15. ^ Hughes , Lesley (28 February 2011). "Long-nosed Bandicoot Perameles nasuta Geoffroy, 1804 in inner western Sydney - endangered population listing: NSW Scientific Committee - final determination". Threatened species. Office of Environment and Heritage, New South Wales Government. Retrieved 11 April 2016.
  16. ^ a b c d e Stodart, Eleanor (1966). "Management and behaviour of breeding groups of the marsupial Perameles nasuta Geoffroy in captivity". Australian Journal of Zoology. 14 (4): 611–23. doi:10.1071/ZO9660611.
  17. ^ Moyle, D. I.; Hume, I. D.; Hill, D. M. (1995). "Digestive performance and selective digesta retention in the long-nosed bandicoot, Perameles nasuta, a small omnivorous marsupial". Journal of Comparative Physiology B. 164 (7): 552–60. doi:10.1007/BF00261396. S2CID 6174081.
  18. ^ Thums, Michele; Klaassen, Marcel; Hume, Ian D. (2005). "Seasonal changes in the diet of the long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta) assessed by analysis of faecal scats and of stable isotopes in blood". Australian Journal of Zoology. 53 (2): 87–93. doi:10.1071/ZO04030.
  19. ^ Schmidt, Gerald D.; Edmonds, Stanley J. (1989). "Australiformis semoni (Linstow, 1898) n. Gen., n. Comb. (Acanthocephala: Moniliformidae) from Marsupials of Australia and New Guinea". The Journal of Parasitology. 75 (2): 215–7. doi:10.2307/3282769. JSTOR 3282769. PMID 2926590.
  20. ^ Dexter, Nick; Hudson, Matt; Carter, Tony; Macgregor, Christopher (2011). "Habitat‐dependent population regulation in an irrupting population of long‐nosed bandicoots ( Perameles nasuta)". Austral Ecology. 36 (7): 745–54. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.2010.02213.x.
  21. ^ Australian Museum (27 January 2016). "Long-nosed Bandicoot". Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  22. ^ Bilney, Rohan; Cooke, Raylene; White, John (2006). "Change in the diet of sooty owls (Tyto tenebricosa) since European settlement: from terrestrial to arboreal prey and increased overlap with powerful owls". Wildlife Research. 33 (1): 17–24. doi:10.1071/WR04128. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30003762.

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Long-nosed bandicoot: Brief Summary

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The long-nosed bandicoot (Perameles nasuta), a marsupial, is a species of bandicoot found in eastern Australia, from north Queensland along the east coast to Victoria. Around 40 centimetres (16 in) long, it is sandy- or grey-brown with a long snouty nose. Omnivorous, it forages for invertebrates, fungi and plants at night.

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Perameles nasuta ( Basque )

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Perameles nasuta Perameles generoko animalia da. Peramelemorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Peramelinae azpifamilia eta Peramelidae familian sailkatuta dago.

Erreferentziak

  1. (Ingelesez)Mammals - full taxonomy and Red List status Ugaztun guztien egoera 2008an
  2. É. Geoffroy (1804) 4 Ann. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris 62. or..

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Perameles nasuta: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Perameles nasuta Perameles generoko animalia da. Peramelemorphia ordenaren barruko ugaztuna da. Peramelinae azpifamilia eta Peramelidae familian sailkatuta dago.

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Perameles nasuta ( French )

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Le Bandicoot à nez long (Perameles nasuta), ou péramèle nason, est la plus grande espèce de bandicoot.

Description

Il mesure 31 à 43 cm de la tête au début de la queue, la queue mesurant 12 à 15 cm et il pèse 850 g. De la taille d'un petit lapin, il a un pelage brun, de petites oreilles pointues avec un museau allongé très caractéristique

Distribution et habitat

On le trouve sur la côte Est de l'Australie depuis Ravenshoe dans le Queensland jusqu'à Naringal dans le Sud-Ouest de l'État de Victoria

Alimentation

Il se nourrit d'invertébrés et de tubercules

Mode de vie

C'est un animal nocturne, solitaire qui passe ses journées dans des nids creusés dans le sol.

Reproduction

La période de gestation est de 12.5 jours. C'est la plus courte de tous les marsupiaux.

Galerie

Références

  • Groves, Colin (16 November 2005). in Wilson, D. E., and Reeder, D. M. (eds): Mammal Species of the World, 3rd edition, Johns Hopkins University Press, 40. (ISBN 0-8018-8221-4).
  • Australasian Marsupial & Monotreme Specialist Group (1996). Perameles nasuta. 2006 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. IUCN 2006. Retrieved on 2006-12-26.
  • Menkhorst, Peter (2001). A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. Oxford University Press, 78.

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Perameles nasuta: Brief Summary ( French )

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Le Bandicoot à nez long (Perameles nasuta), ou péramèle nason, est la plus grande espèce de bandicoot.

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Perameles nasuta ( Italian )

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Il bandicoot dal naso lungo (Perameles nasuta É. Geoffroy, 1804) è una specie di bandicoot diffusa in Australia. È il membro più grande del suo genere, che comprende inoltre il bandicoot fasciato occidentale, il bandicoot fasciato orientale e il bandicoot del deserto.[3]

Il bandicoot dal naso lungo è molto meno colorato dei suoi stretti parenti e presenta una semplice colorazione bruna. Vive lungo la costa orientale australiana, da Ravenshoe, nel Queensland, a Naringal, nel Victoria sud-occidentale. È un predatore notturno e solitario che si nutre di invertebrati e tuberi.

Habitat

Il bandicoot dal naso lungo vive nelle foreste dell'Australia orientale dove le precipitazioni sono regolari. Sebbene si trovi a proprio agio anche nella brughiera e nei boschi più secchi, preferisce soprattutto la foresta pluviale e le foreste di eucalipti; dove è possibile stabilisce la propria tana vicino a una riserva d'acqua, in terreni umidi, fertili e ricchi di cibo. Ovunque scelga di vivere, il bandicoot dal naso lungo predilige il sottobosco; anche i lussureggianti giardini suburbani gli offrono un habitat ideale e la specie ha ormai popolato con successo le periferie di alcune grandi città australiane come Sydney e Brisbane. Sebbene tendenzialmente non ami scavare la tana e riesca a vivere in terreni rocciosi, il bandicoot preferisce comunque le zone con un suolo sabbioso o morbido in cui è facile scavare alla ricerca di cibo. La parte più importante del territorio del bandicoot è costituita dal nascondiglio in cui l'animale trascorre il giorno: talvolta esso è costruito appositamente, ma più spesso è allestito nella cavità naturale di un albero o nella tana abbandonata di un coniglio.[4]

Cibo e nutrizione

Il bandicoot dal naso lungo si nutre prevalentemente di invertebrati, come gli insetti adulti, le loro larve e i vermi. Questo animale è inoltre sufficientemente agile da catturare lucertole e topi. Se le prende sono scarse, il bandicoot si dedica alla ricerca di cibo vegete: sgranocchia semi e frutti e scava il terreno alla ricerca di funghi, tuberi e bulbi. Il bandicoot cerca il cibo nel sottobosco della foresta, fiutandolo grazie all'acuto senso dell'odorato; utilizza le zampe anteriori, robuste e dotate di lunghi artigli, per rovistare tra le foglie o scavare. In seguito, sonda la presenza di cibo con il lungo muso, che infila nelle fessure fra le pietre o fra il legno marcio per scoovare gli insetti che vi si nascondono. Con i suoi denti aguzzi mastica facilmente gli insetti.[4]

Comportamento

Il bandicoot dal naso lungo è un animale notturno e rigidamente solitario, sebbene il territorio di un maschio possa parzialmente includere i territori di alcune femmine. Con il sopraggiungere dell'oscurità l'animale esce dalla tana e va in cerca di cibo. Sempre in allerta e pieno di energie, si muove con rapidità e nervosismo sulle quattro zampe. Sebbene il bandicoot non sia un animale territoriale in senso stretto, il maschio sorveglia il proprio territorio e lo pattuglia con regolarità. Accoglie facilmente le femmine in cui s'imbatte, soprattutto se sono disponibili sessualmente, mentre un incontro tra maschi può facilmente trasformarsi in uno scontro.[4]

Riproduzione

Il bandicoot dal naso lungo si riproduce con eccezionale facilità ed è molto prolifico: la femmina, una volta raggiunta la maturità sessuale (4 mesi), trascorre la maggior parte della propria vita in gestazione o allattando. La specie inoltre può contare sul più breve periodo di gestazione esistente tra mammiferi solo 12 giorni! Alla nascita i piccoli, di solito da 2 a 4 e molto poco sviluppati, si arrampicano sino al marsupio e, una volta al suo interno, si attaccano ciascuno a un capezzolo rimanendovi a succhiare il latte per 7-8 settimane. Terminato lo svezzamento vanno in cerca di cibo con la madre per circa 10 giorni, dopo i quali ciascuno deve iniziare a badare a se stesso a causa dell'imminente arrivo di una nuova cucciolata.[4]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder, Perameles nasuta, in Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.
  2. ^ (EN) Lamoreux, J. & Hilton-Taylor, C. (Global Mammal Assessment Team) 2008, Perameles nasuta, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  3. ^ Peter Menkhorst, A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia, Oxford University Press, 2001, p. 78.
  4. ^ a b c d Il fantastico mondo degli animali- Reg. Trib. di Milano n° 777 dell'11/11/1998- Direttore responsabile: Helene Geervliet- Redazione: Pal. Galilei, 02/B - Centro Direzionale di Milano 3 City - 20080 Basiglio (MI).

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Perameles nasuta: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il bandicoot dal naso lungo (Perameles nasuta É. Geoffroy, 1804) è una specie di bandicoot diffusa in Australia. È il membro più grande del suo genere, che comprende inoltre il bandicoot fasciato occidentale, il bandicoot fasciato orientale e il bandicoot del deserto.

Il bandicoot dal naso lungo è molto meno colorato dei suoi stretti parenti e presenta una semplice colorazione bruna. Vive lungo la costa orientale australiana, da Ravenshoe, nel Queensland, a Naringal, nel Victoria sud-occidentale. È un predatore notturno e solitario che si nutre di invertebrati e tuberi.

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Spitsneusbuideldas ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Perameles nasuta

De spitsneusbuideldas (Perameles nasuta) is een buideldas uit het geslacht der spitsneusbuideldassen (Perameles).

Kenmerken

De bovenkant is bruingrijs en gaat via de bruine flanken over in de witte onderkant. De relatief lange, spaarzaam behaarde staart is van boven bruin en van onderen wit. De kop-romplengte bedraagt 310 tot 450 mm, de staartlengte 120 tot 150 mm en het gewicht 850 tot 1100 g.

Leefwijze

Deze solitaire soort is 's nachts en in de schemering actief, leeft op de grond en eet onder andere ongewervelden, die hij uit de bodem opgraaft.

Voortplanting

In het noorden van zijn verspreidingsgebied worden er het hele jaar door jongen geboren, maar in het zuiden niet in de winter. Er worden twee of drie jongen geboren, die na zeven weken gespeend worden en na twintig weken geslachtsrijp zijn.

Verspreiding

Deze soort komt voor langs de oostkust van Australië van Ravenshoe (Noordoost-Queensland) tot Naringal (Zuidwest-Victoria). Dit dier leeft in bos, grasland, tuinen en aanverwante habitats.

Literatuur

  • Groves, C.P. 2005. Order Peramelemorphia. Pp. 38-42 in Wilson, D.E. & Reeder, D.M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A taxonomic and geographic reference. 3rd ed. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, Vol. 1: pp. i-xxxv+1-743; Vol. 2: pp. i-xvii+745-2142. ISBN 0 8018 8221 4
  • Menkhorst, P. & Knight, F. 2001. A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia. South Melbourne: Oxford University Press, x+269 pp. ISBN 0 19 550870 X
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Spitsneusbuideldas: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De spitsneusbuideldas (Perameles nasuta) is een buideldas uit het geslacht der spitsneusbuideldassen (Perameles).

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Jamraj nosaty ( Polish )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Jamraj nosaty[3], jamraj zwyczajny[4] (Perameles nasuta) – gatunek niewielkiego ssaka z rodziny jamrajowatych (Peramelidae).

Wygląd

Długość ciała 31–44,5 cm, długość ogona 12–16 cm; masa ciała 0,52–1,3 kg (dorosłe samce są o 25% cięższe i 10% większe od dorosłych samic)[5]. Ssak podobny do szczura: pysk wydłużony, duże uszy, kończyny krótkie z długimi pazurami. Sierść szorstka, jasnobrunatna lub szara. Brzuch biały.

Zasięg występowania

Jamraj nosaty występuje w zależności od podgatunku[5]:

  • P. nasuta nasuta – wschodnia Australia od środkowo-południowego Queensland na południe do stanu Wiktoria.
  • P. nasuta pallescens – daleko na północy Queenslandu, z geograficznie oddzielonymi populacjami w Wet Tropics i na półwyspie Jork

Tryb życia

Żyje na otwartych terenach, jest aktywny nocą. Przeważnie żywi się owadami, ale również małymi kręgowcami i roślinami. Ciąża trwa ok. 12 dni, w miocie rodzi się 1-5 młodych, zwykle 2-3[5].

Przypisy

  1. Perameles nasuta, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. D. Lunney, C. Dickman & P. Menkhorst 2008, Perameles nasuta [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2017 [online], wersja 2017-2 [dostęp 2017-12-20] (ang.).
  3. W. Cichocki, A. Ważna, J. Cichocki, E. Rajska-Jurgiel, A. Jasiński & W. Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 10. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9. (pol.ang.)
  4. K. Kowalski (red.), A. Krzanowski, H. Kubiak, B. Rzebik-Kowalska & L. Sych: Ssaki. Wyd. IV. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1991, s. 112, seria: Mały słownik zoologiczny. ISBN 83-214-0637-8.
  5. a b c Ch. Dickman: Family Peramelidae (Bandicoots and Echymiperas). W: D.E. Wilson & R.A. Mittermeier: Handbook of the Mammals of the World. Cz. 5: Monotremes and Marsupials. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2015, s. 392. ISBN 978-84-96553-99-6. (ang.)

Bibliografia

  1. K. Teeter: Perameles nasuta (ang.). (On-line), Animal Diversity Web, 2000. [dostęp 8 kwietnia 2008].
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Jamraj nosaty: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Jamraj nosaty, jamraj zwyczajny (Perameles nasuta) – gatunek niewielkiego ssaka z rodziny jamrajowatych (Peramelidae).

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Perameles nasuta ( Portuguese )

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Perameles nasuta, conhecido como long-nosed bandicoot (ou bandicoot de focinho-comprido, em tradução livre)(a) , é uma espécie de marsupial, endêmica do leste australiano, da família Peramelidae.

Habitação/Distribuição

Vivem em florestas, bosques e charnecas. Está distribuído no leste da Austrália, ocorrendo de Ravenshoe, Queensland, a Naringal, sudoeste de Victoria. Também já foi comum em Sydney, atualmente a ocupação desta região diminuiu, ainda que existam também algumas populações isoladas em matas ao sul e norte dessa área. [1]

Comportamento

Alimentam-se de insetos e outros invertebrados diminutos, e o fazem com afinco, resguardando pouco tempo a outras tarefas. São conhecidos pelas pequenas cavas cônicas deixadas para trás conforme vagueiam pela noite, estas são feitas com as patas dianteiras dos animais, que acomodam seu comprido e sensível focinho na procura pelos componentes de sua dieta. Durante o dia dorme em ninhos feitos de grama e outras matérias vegetais.[2][3]

Notas

  • Nota (a): O termo "bandicoot" constitui um estrangeirismo, não possuindo termo equivalente em português, sendo assim o nome comum constitui um vernáculo artificial, pois deriva do nome popular em língua inglesa.

Referências

  • GROVES, C. P. Order Peramelemorphia. In: WILSON, D. E.; REEDER, D. M. (Eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. 3. ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005. v. 1, p. 38-42.
  • LUNNEY, D.; DICKMAN, C.; MENKHORST, P. 2008. Perameles nasuta. In: IUCN 2008. 2008 IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. . Acessado em 12 de dezembro de 2008.

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Perameles nasuta: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Perameles nasuta, conhecido como long-nosed bandicoot (ou bandicoot de focinho-comprido, em tradução livre) , é uma espécie de marsupial, endêmica do leste australiano, da família Peramelidae.

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Näspunggrävling ( Swedish )

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Näspunggrävling (Perameles nasuta[2][3][4][5]) är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1804 och som ingår i familjen punggrävlingar.[6][7] IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig.[1] Inga underarter finns listade.[6]

Pungdjuret förekommer i en långsträckt remsa längs sydöstra och östra Australiens kustlinje. Regionen utgörs av lågland och upp till 1 400 meter höga bergstrakter men djuret vistas bara i undantagsfall högre än 1 000 meter. Habitatet kan variera mellan bland annat skogar och gräsmarker. Arten hittas även i stadsparker.[1]

Arten når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 31 till 43 cm och därtill kommer en kort svans (12 till 15,5 cm). Huvudet kännetecknas av en spetsig nos samt av spetsiga öron. Hela kroppen är täckt av gråbrun päls.[8] Vikten varierar allmänt mellan 0,85 och 1,1 kg.[9]

Individerna letar på natten efter föda som utgörs av små ryggradslösa djur som insekter. De gräver ett hål i marken som har formen av en kon. Näspunggrävlingen sover på dagen i ett näste av gräs. När honan inte är brunstig lever varje exemplar ensam. Ungarna föds efter 12,5 dagar dräktighet.[8] När honan inte är brunstig lever vuxna exemplar ensam.[9]

Källor

  1. ^ [a b c] 2008 Perameles nasuta Från: IUCN 2012. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2 <www.iucnredlist.org>. Läst 2012-1024.
  2. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (1992) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 2nd ed., 3rd printing
  3. ^ (1998) , website Perameles nasuta, Mammal Species of the World
  4. ^ Wilson, Don E., and DeeAnn M. Reeder, eds. (2005) , Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3rd ed., vols. 1 & 2
  5. ^ Nowak, Ronald M. (1991) , Walker's Mammals of the World, vol. 1, 5th ed.
  6. ^ [a b] Bisby F.A., Roskov Y.R., Orrell T.M., Nicolson D., Paglinawan L.E., Bailly N., Kirk P.M., Bourgoin T., Baillargeon G., Ouvrard D. (red.) (24 april 2011). ”Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life: 2011 Annual Checklist.”. Species 2000: Reading, UK. Arkiverad från originalet den 18 juni 2012. https://web.archive.org/web/20120618223324/http://www.catalogueoflife.org/services/res/2011AC_26July.zip. Läst 24 september 2012.
  7. ^ ITIS: The Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Orrell T. (custodian), 2011-04-26
  8. ^ [a b] ”Long-nosed Bandicoot”. Australian Museum. 2016. https://australianmuseum.net.au/long-nosed-bandicoot. Läst 21 juli 2018.
  9. ^ [a b] Hutchins et al. (2004). Perameles nasuta. Grzimek's Animal Life Encyclopedia. Farmington Hills: Thomson-Gale Group. sid. 17. ISBN 0-7876-5362-4

Externa länkar

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Näspunggrävling: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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Näspunggrävling (Perameles nasuta) är en pungdjursart som beskrevs av Étienne Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire 1804 och som ingår i familjen punggrävlingar. IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig. Inga underarter finns listade.

Pungdjuret förekommer i en långsträckt remsa längs sydöstra och östra Australiens kustlinje. Regionen utgörs av lågland och upp till 1 400 meter höga bergstrakter men djuret vistas bara i undantagsfall högre än 1 000 meter. Habitatet kan variera mellan bland annat skogar och gräsmarker. Arten hittas även i stadsparker.

Arten når en kroppslängd (huvud och bål) av 31 till 43 cm och därtill kommer en kort svans (12 till 15,5 cm). Huvudet kännetecknas av en spetsig nos samt av spetsiga öron. Hela kroppen är täckt av gråbrun päls. Vikten varierar allmänt mellan 0,85 och 1,1 kg.

Individerna letar på natten efter föda som utgörs av små ryggradslösa djur som insekter. De gräver ett hål i marken som har formen av en kon. Näspunggrävlingen sover på dagen i ett näste av gräs. När honan inte är brunstig lever varje exemplar ensam. Ungarna föds efter 12,5 dagar dräktighet. När honan inte är brunstig lever vuxna exemplar ensam.

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Perameles nasuta ( Vietnamese )

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Perameles nasuta là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Peramelidae, bộ Peramelemorphia. Loài này được É. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1804.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Lunney, D., Dickman, C. & Menkhorst, P. (2008). Perameles nasuta. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 28 tháng 12 năm 2008. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
  2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Perameles nasuta”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). tr. 62. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

Tham khảo


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Perameles nasuta: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Perameles nasuta là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Peramelidae, bộ Peramelemorphia. Loài này được É. Geoffroy mô tả năm 1804.

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Длинноносый бандикут ( Russian )

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Царство: Животные
Подцарство: Эуметазои
Без ранга: Вторичноротые
Подтип: Позвоночные
Инфратип: Челюстноротые
Надкласс: Четвероногие
Подкласс: Звери
Инфракласс: Сумчатые
Отряд: Бандикуты
Семейство: Бандикутовые
Вид: Длинноносый бандикут
Международное научное название

Perameles nasuta (É. Geoffroy, 1804)

Синонимы Ареал

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ITIS 552663NCBI 9344EOL 323870FW 234454

(Обыкновенный) длинноносый бандикут[1], или носатый сумчатый барсук[1], или остроносый сумчатый барсук[1] (лат. Perameles nasuta) — вид из рода Длинноносых бандикутов семейства Бандикутовые. Эндемик Австралии.

Распространение

Широко распространён на восточном побережье Австралии, к югу от города Куктаун до полуострова Вильсонс-Промонтори. Небольшие, изолированные группы длинноносого бандикута также встречаются к северу от Куктауна, а также на полуострове Кейп-Йорк на территории хребтов Мак-Илрейт и Айрон. Обитают на высоте до 1400 м над уровнем моря, однако чаще всего встречаются на высоте до 1000 м[2].

Естественная среда обитания — пустоши и лесистые местности вблизи открытых, покрытых густой растительностью лугов. Также обитают вблизи человека: на территории садов в небольших и крупных городах[2].

Внешний вид

Средний вес взрослой особи — около 975 г. Длина тела с головой — около 310—425 мм, длина хвоста — 120—155 мм[3]. Морда и уши длинные, заострённые. Волосяной покров на спине серовато-коричневый, брюхо почти белое. Хвост покрыт волосами. В отличие от других бандикутов на крестце имеется немного либо совсем отсутствуют тёмные поперечные полосы[3]. Второй и третий палец на задних лапах срощены[3].

Образ жизни

Ведут наземный, как правило, одиночный образ жизни. Гнёзда устраивают в небольших норах, где животные проводят день. Активность приходится на ночь[2]. Питаются насекомыми, ящерицами, мелкими позвоночными, иногда растениями[3][4].

Размножение

Сумка развита хорошо. В потомстве от одного до пяти детёнышей (обычно два-три отпрыска)[2]. Беременность очень короткая, длится всего 12,5 дней. Молодняк отлучается от груди примерно через 60 дней[3]. Максимальная продолжительность жизни в неволе — 5,6 лет[5].

Примечания

  1. 1 2 3 Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 18. — 10 000 экз.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Perameles nasuta (англ.). International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Проверено 30 июля 2011. Архивировано 30 июля 2011 года.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Perameles nasuta (англ.). Animal Diversity Web. Проверено 30 июля 2011. Архивировано 30 июля 2011 года.
  4. Соколов В.Е. Систематика млекопитающих. Учеб. пособие для университетов. — Высшая школа. — М., 1973. — С. 73. — 432 с.
  5. AnAge entry for Perameles nasuta (англ.). AnAge database at the Human Ageing Genomic Resources. Проверено 29 июля 2011. Архивировано 29 июля 2011 года.
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Длинноносый бандикут: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

(Обыкновенный) длинноносый бандикут, или носатый сумчатый барсук, или остроносый сумчатый барсук (лат. Perameles nasuta) — вид из рода Длинноносых бандикутов семейства Бандикутовые. Эндемик Австралии.

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긴코반디쿠트 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

긴코반디쿠트(Perameles nasuta)는 오스트레일리아에서 발견되는 반디쿠트의 일종이다. 몸길이는 약 40cm로 동부가로무늬반디쿠트사막반디쿠트를 포함하고 있는 반디쿠트속 중에서 가장 큰 종이다.[3] 야행성 동물이자 잡식동물으로 밤에 나와 활동하며 균류·식물·절지동물 등을 즐겨 먹는다.

분포

퀸즐랜드주케이프요크 반도부터 뉴사우스웨일스주빅토리아주에 이르는 오스트레일리아의 동부 해안을 따라 분포한다.[4]

각주

  1. Groves, C.P. (2005). 〈Order Peramelemorphia〉 [반디쿠트목]. Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 40쪽. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.
  2. “Perameles nasuta”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2008년 12월 28일에 확인함. Database entry includes justification for why this species is of least concern
  3. Menkhorst, Peter (2001). 《A Field Guide to the Mammals of Australia》. Oxford University Press. 78쪽.
  4. Wildlife of Tropical North Queensland. Queensland Museum Publication. (2000), p. 335.
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