The cohort Polyneoptera[1][2] is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages.[3]
The Polyneoptera Species File lists the following:[4]
Synonyms include: Archaeorthoptera, Gryllidea, Orthopterodea, Orthopterodida, Orthopteroidea, Panorthoptera
Song et al 2016 propose a molecular phylogeny for the Polyneoptera, as shown in the phylogenetic tree:[7]
PolyneopteraDermaptera (earwigs) 
Plecoptera (stoneflies) 
Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets) 
Grylloblattodea (ice crawlers) .jpg){kind=small}
Mantophasmatodea (gladiators) .jpg){kind=small}
Zoraptera (angel insects) .jpg){kind=small}
Embioptera (webspinners) 
Phasmatodea (stick insects) 
Mantodea (mantises) 
Blattodea (inc. Isoptera) (cockroaches, termites) .jpg){kind=small}
The cohort Polyneoptera is a proposed taxonomic ranking for the Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets, etc.) and all other Neopteran insects believed to be more closely related to Orthoptera than to any other insect orders. These winged insects, now in the Paraneoptera, were formerly grouped as the Hemimetabola or Exopterygota on the grounds that they have no metamorphosis, the wings gradually developing externally throughout the nymphal stages.
