Psittacula Cuvier 1800

Psittacula a zo ur genad e rummatadur an evned, ennañ krakperokeded, krouet e 1800 gant ar skiantour gall Georges Cuvier (1769-1832).

Spesadoù hag an isspesadoù anezhe^[1]

Trizek spesad a ya d'ober ar genad hiziv an deiz :

• Psittacula alexandri
  • P. a. abbotti, P. a. alexandri, P. a. cala, P. a. dammermani, P. a. fasciata, P. a. kangeanensis, P. a. major ha P. a. perionca,
• (††) Psittacula bensoni (aet da get),
• Psittacula calthrapae,
• Psittacula caniceps,
• Psittacula columboides,
• Psittacula cyanocephala,
• Psittacula derbiana,
• Psittacula eques
  • P. e. echo ha P. e. eques (†),
• ar c'hrakperoked aleksandr^[2] (Psittacula eupatria)
  • P. e. avensis, P. e. eupatria, P. e. magnirostris, P. e. nipalensis ha P. e. siamensis,
• (†) Psittacula exsul (aet da get),
• Psittacula finschii,
• Psittacula himalayana,
• ar c'hrakperoked Kramer (Psittacula krameri)
  • P. k. borealis, P. k. krameri, P. k. manillensis ha P. k. parvirostris,
• Psittacula longicauda
  • P. l. defontainei, P. l. longicauda, P. l. modesta, P. l. nicobarica ha P. l. tytleri,
• Psittacula roseata
  • P. r. juneae ha P. r. roseata,
• (†) Psittacula wardi (aet da get).

Pemp isspesad warn-ugent (25) bev c'hoazh en holl.

Notennoù ha daveennoù

Psittacula és un gènere d'ocells de la família dels psitàcids (Psittacidae ).

Llista d'espècies

Aquest gènere està format per 15 espècies:^[1]

• cotorra de Finsch (Psittacula finschii).
• cotorra de l'Himàlaia (Psittacula himalayana).
• cotorra de cap rosat (Psittacula roseata).
• cotorra cap de pruna (Psittacula cyanocephala).
• cotorra pit-roja (Psittacula alexandri).
• cotorra de Derby (Psittacula derbiana).
• cotorra cuallarga (Psittacula longicauda).
• cotorra de Malabar (Psittacula columboides).
• cotorra de Sri Lanka (Psittacula calthrapae).
• cotorra alexandrina (Psittacula eupatria).
• cotorra de les Seychelles (Psittacula wardi).
• cotorra de Kramer (Psittacula krameri).
• cotorra de l'illa de Maurici (Psittacula eques).
• cotorra de Rodrigues (Psittacula exsul).
• cotorra de les Nicobar (Psittacula caniceps).

Referències

A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Psittacula

Die Edelsittiche (Psittacula) sind eine Gattung der Papageien (Psittacidae). Das Hauptverbreitungsgebiet erstreckt sich von Asien über den gesamten indischen Subkontinent über Bangladesch bis nach China und Thailand. Ein weiteres Verbreitungsgebiet einiger Unterarten ist in Afrika im Senegal und Guinea in einem breiten Band durch den Sahel bis in den Südsudan. In Äthiopien bis nach Dschibuti und Somalia gibt es Unterarten des Halsbandsittiches.^[1]

Die Gattung umfasst 15 Arten, davon sind drei früher endemisch auf Inseln des Indischen Ozeans lebende Arten ausgestorben. Von den Inselarten lebt heute nur noch der Mauritiussittich. Mehrere Arten werden noch in Unterarten unterteilt.

Edelsittiche sind schon seit der Antike in Europa bekannt.

Aussehen und Verhalten

Alle Edelsittiche sehen sich recht ähnlich. Das Gefieder ist hauptsächlich grün. Bei ihnen machen die verlängerten Schwanzfedern über 50 % der Gesamtlänge aus. Männchen und Weibchen zeigen ein unterschiedlich gefärbtes Gefieder (Geschlechtsdimorphismus). Ebenso gibt es Unterschiede zwischen ausgewachsenen Vögeln und Jungvögeln. Das Federkleid ist bei allen wildfarbigen Edelsittichen grün.

Arten

• Bartsittich (P. alexandri)
• Blauschwanzsittich (P. calthropae)
• Graukopfsittich (P. caniceps)
• Taubensittich (P. columboides)
• Pflaumenkopfsittich (P. cyanocephala)
• Chinasittich (P. derbiana)
• Mauritiussittich (P. echo)
• † Mauritius-Grausittich (P. bensoni)
• Alexandersittich (P. eupatria) (auch „Großer Alexandersittich“ genannt)
• † Rodrigues-Sittich (P. exsul)
• Schwarzkopfsittich (P. himalayana) (auch „Himalaya-Sittich“ genannt)
• Halsbandsittich (P. krameri) (auch „Kleiner Alexandersittich“ genannt)
• Langschwanzedelsittich (P. longicauda)
• Rosenkopfsittich (P. roseata)
• † Seychellen-Sittich (P. wardi)

Geschichte

Zahme Edelsittiche wurden schon vor zweieinhalbtausend Jahren als Haustiere an indischen Höfen gehalten. Für einen Nagaraka (नागरक), einen intellektuellen jungen Inder der reichen Oberschicht, gehörte die Fähigkeit, einem Papageien das Sprechen beizubringen, sogar zu den vierundsechzig in dem altindischen Lehrbuch Kamasutra von Watsjajana verzeichneten Fertigkeiten, die er zu beherrschen hatte.^[3]

Die erste überlieferte europäische Erwähnung stammt vom Griechen Ktesias von Knidos, der 397 v. Chr. das Buch Indika veröffentlichte.

Literatur

• Dieter Hoppe: Sittiche und Papageien. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, ISBN 3-8001-4452-2.

Einzelnachweise

1. ↑ Tony Juniper: Parrots: a guide to parrots of the world. Yale University Press, 1998, ISBN 978-0-300-07453-6, S. 405.
2. ↑ Jim Groombridge: Molecular phylogeny and morphological change in the Psittacula parakeets. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 2004, ISSN 1055-7903, S. 96–108.
3. ↑ Hans Strunden: Papageien einst und jetzt. Horst-Müller-Verlag, Walsrode 1984, ISBN 3-923269-22-6, S. 7.

Members of the parrot genus Psittacula or Afro-Asian ring-necked parrots, as they are commonly known in aviculture, originate from Africa to South-East Asia. It is a widespread group with a clear concentration of species in south Asia, but also with representatives in Africa and the islands of the Indian Ocean. This is the only genus of Parrot which has the majority of its species in continental Asia. Of all the extant species only Psittacula calthropae, Psittacula caniceps and Psittacula echo do not have a representative subspecies in any part of mainland continental Asia. The rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri, is one of the most widely distributed of all parrots.

The other two Asian genera, Loriculus and Psittinus are represented by only two species each, which occur in the mainland part of Asia. The majority of the Loriculus species occur on islands. Moreover, since Loriculus is spread across both sides of the Wallace Line it can be considered more Australasian than Asian. These parrots mostly have green plumage, with adults having coloured heads. The bill is stout, and the tail is long and graduated.

Etymology

The genus name Psittacula is a diminutive of the Latin word psittacus meaning "parrot".

Taxonomy

The genus Psittacula was introduced in 1800 by the French naturalist Georges Cuvier.^[1] The type species was designated in 1923 by Gregory Mathews as the red-breasted parakeet.^[2][3] The name of the genus is a diminutive of the Latin word psittacus for a "parrot".^[4]

The genus includes 16 species, of which three are extinct.^[5]

• †Newton's parakeet, Psittacula exsul - extinct (c.1875)
• Echo parakeet, Psittacula eques
  • †Réunion parrot, Psittacula eques eques - extinct mid-18th century
• †Mascarene grey parakeet, Psittacula bensoni - extinct (c.1764) (formerly classified in genus †Lophopsittacus, and still considered such by some authorities)
• Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri
• Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria
• †Seychelles parakeet, Psittacula wardi - extinct (1883)
• Plum-headed parakeet, Psittacula cyanocephala
• Blossom-headed parakeet, Psittacula roseata
• Slaty-headed parakeet, Psittacula himalayana
• Grey-headed parakeet, Psittacula finschii
• Blue-winged parakeet, Psittacula columboides
• Layard's parakeet, Psittacula calthrapae
• Lord Derby's parakeet, Psittacula derbiana
• Red-breasted parakeet, Psittacula alexandri (also called moustached parrot)
• Long-tailed parakeet, Psittacula longicauda
• Nicobar parakeet, Psittacula caniceps

Alternative taxonomy

Blossom-headed parakeet, Psittacula roseata

Plum-headed parakeet, Psittacula cyanophala

Slaty-headed parakeet, Psittacula himalayana

Grey-headed parakeet, Psittacula finschii

Layard's parakeet, Psittacula calthrapae

Blue-winged parakeet, Psittacula columboides

† Seychelles parakeet, Psittacula wardi

Alexandrine parakeet, Psittacula eupatria

Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri krameri

Echo parakeet, Psittacula eques echo

Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri manillensis

Rose-ringed parakeet, Psittacula krameri borealis

Blue-rumped parrot, Psittinus cyanurus

Great-billed parrot, Tanygnathus megalorynchos

Azure-rumped parrot, Tanygnathus sumatranus

Long-tailed parakeet, Psittacula longicauda

Red-breasted parakeet, Psittacula alexandri alexandri

Lord Derby's parakeet, Psittacula derbiana

Red-breasted parakeet, Psittacula alexandri fasciata

Red-breasted parakeet, Psittacula alexandri abbotti

Phylogeny of the genus Psittacula based on a study by Michael Braun and coworkers published in 2019.^[6]

Genetic evidence has found that the genus Psittacula is likely paraphyletic; for example, genetic analysis has supported merging short-tailed parrots of the genus Tanygnathus, Psittinus, and the extinct Mascarinus with Psittacula.^[7] A revised classification was proposed by Michael Braun and coworkers in 2019 that splits the genus Psittacula into multiple monophyletic genera in order to preserve Tanygnathus, Psittinus, and Mascarinus as distinct genera. After the proposed split, the only remaining species in Psittacula sensu stricto are P. derbiana, P. caniceps, and P. alexandri.^[6] This is also the taxonomic system followed by the IUCN Red List and BirdLife International. The list of split or monophyletic genera and species (and any of their allied species) is displayed below:

• Genus Himalayapsitta
  • Plum-headed parakeet, Himalayapsitta cyanocephala
  • Grey-headed parakeet, Himalayapsitta finschii
  • Slaty-headed parakeet, Himalayapsitta himalayana
  • Blossom-headed parakeet, Himalayapsitta roseata
• Genus Nicopsitta
  • Blue-winged parakeet, Nicopsitta columboides
  • Layard's parakeet, Nicopsitta calthrapae
• Genus Belocercus
  • Long-tailed parakeet, Belocercus longicauda
• Genus Psittacula
  • Red-breasted parakeet, Psittacula alexandri
  • Lord Derby's parakeet, Psittacula derbiana
  • Nicobar parakeet, Psittacula caniceps
• Genus Palaeornis
  • Alexandrine parakeet, Palaeornis eupatria
  • †Seychelles parakeet, Palaeornis wardi
• Genus Alexandrinus
  • Rose-ringed parakeet, Alexandrinus krameri
  • †Newton's parakeet, Alexandrinus exsul
  • Echo parakeet, Alexandrinus (eques) echo
• Genus Tanygnathus
  • Great-billed parrot, Tanygnathus megalorynchos
  • Blue-naped parrot, Tanygnathus lucionensis
  • Blue-backed parrot, Tanygnathus sumatranus
  • Black-lored parrot, Tanygnathus gramineus
• Genus Psittinus
  • Blue-rumped parrot, Psittinus cyanurus
  • Simeulue parrot, Psittinus abbotti
• Genus †Mascarinus
  • †Mascarene parrot, Mascarinus mascarin
• Genus †Lophopsittacus
  • †Mauritius grey parrot, Lophopsittacus bensoni

The extinct Mascarene grey parrot (P. bensoni) was not sampled in the study and has not been reclassified to Psittacula sensu lato by the IUCN or BirdLife, so it is still classified in Lophopsittacus under this taxonomy and with the common name Mauritius grey parrot.^[8] The Nicobar parrot(P. caniceps) was also not sampled but kept in Psittacula by the authorities that incorporated this taxonomy.^[9]

The study has also found that the rose-ringed and red-breasted parrots are likely paraphyletic species themselves, and thus need to be split into multiple species.^[6]

Hypothetical extinct species

The Rothschild's or intermediate parakeet P. intermedia, found in northern India, was formerly considered a mystery, as only very few specimens were known. It has since been demonstrated to be a hybrid between the slaty-headed parrot P. himalayana and the plum-headed parrot P. cyanocephala.^[10][11]

The taxonomy of the Réunion parakeet P. eques is also confusing. Extinct since 1770, little evidence even exists of the bird's existence. A study skin had been discovered at the Royal Museum of Scotland, explicitly referencing a book description of the Réunion birds. It is known from other descriptions, as well as illustrations of which it is unknown whether they were drawn from live or stuffed specimens. This may be the only material proof of these birds' existence. Taxonomists are unsure if the birds were a distinct species, or conspecific with the echo parakeet, although genetic analysis supports it being a subspecies of the echo parakeet.

References

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Psittacula&oldid=1154103945"

Psittacula es un género de aves psitaciformes perteneciente a la familia Psittaculidae. Lo forman varias especies de cotorras que viven principalmente en el sur de Asia, aunque algunas también pueblan África y ciertas islas del Índico. Entre ellas destaca la cotorra de Kramer (P. krameri), que vive en Asia y África y se cría en cautividad desde la antigüedad.^[1]​ El nombre de Psittacula es un diminutivo de Psittacus que significa loro en latín.

Especies

El género contiene 16 especies,^[2]​ tres de las cuales se han extinguido:

• Psittacula exsul † - cotorra de Newton;
• Psittacula wardi † - cotorra de las Seychelles;
• Psittacula bensoni † - loro gris de Mauricio;
• Psittacula eques - cotorra de Mauricio;
• Psittacula krameri - cotorra de Kramer;
• Psittacula eupatria - cotorra alejandrina;
• Psittacula cyanocephala - cotorra ciruela;
• Psittacula roseata - cotorra carirrosa;
• Psittacula himalayana - cotorra del Himalaya;
• Psittacula finschii - cotorra de Finsch;
• Psittacula columboides - cotorra de Malabar;
• Psittacula calthropae - cotorra de Ceilán;
• Psittacula derbiana - cotorra de Derby;
• Psittacula alexandri - cotorra pechirroja;
• Psittacula longicauda - cotorra colilarga;
• Psittacula caniceps - cotorra de Nicobar.
• Psittacula intermedia - cotorra intermedia

La cotorra intermedia (P. intermedia), encontrada en el norte de la India y que era considerada un ave enigmática por conocerse solo unos pocos ejemplares, resultó ser un híbrido entre la cotorra del Himalaya (P. himalayana) y la cotorra ciruela (P. cyanocephala).^[3]​^[4]​

La taxonomía de P. eques también ha resultado confusa. Se considera extinguida en Reunión desde 1770, con tan pocas evidencias que se dudó incluso de su existencia. Se conocía solo por descripciones y por ilustraciones dibujadas a partir de ejemplares vivos o disecados. Hasta que se descubrió una piel en el Museo Real de Escocia que hacía referencia explícita a un libro de aves de Reunión. Actualmente se considera que pertenecen a la misma especie que las actuales cotorras de Mauricio, que anteriormente se denominaban (P. echo), pero que debido a la preeminencia del nombre anterior eques ahora son nombradas como P. eques echo.

Referencias

Kaijat (Psittacula) on kaijojen heimoon kuuluva lintusuku.

Kaijoihin (Psittacula) kuuluvia lajeja

• Harmaapääkaija (Psittacula finschii)
• Himalajankaija (Psittacula himalayana)
• Indokiinankaija (Psittacula roseata)
• Isokauluskaija (Psittacula eupatria)
• Kauluskaija (Psittacula krameri)
• Keralankaija (Psittacula columboides)
• Luumupääkaija (Psittacula cyanocephala)
• Mauritiuksenkaija (Psittacula eques)
• Nikobaarienkaija (Psittacula caniceps)
• Pitkäpyrstökaija (Psittacula longicauda)
• Punarintakaija (Psittacula alexandri)
• Rodriguezinkaija (Psittacula exsul)
• Seychellienkaija (Psittacula wardi)
• Srilankankaija (Psittacula calthorpae)
• Tiibetinkaija (Psittacula derbiana)

Aiheesta muualla

• BirdLife Suomi ry: Maailman lintujen suomenkieliset nimet 3., uudistettu painos (2018)
• ITIS: Psittacula (englanniksi)

Les perruches du genre Psittacula sont communément appelées Perruches à collier afro-asiatique.

Liste des espèces

D'après la classification de référence (version 5.1, 2015) du Congrès ornithologique international (ordre phylogénique) :

• Psittacula eupatria – Perruche alexandre
• †Psittacula wardi – Perruche des Seychelles
• Psittacula krameri – Perruche à collier
• Psittacula eques – (?) ; sa seule sous-espèce existante s'appelle Perruche de Maurice
• †Psittacula bensoni – (?)
• Psittacula himalayana – Perruche de l'Himalaya
• Psittacula finschii – Perruche de Finsch
• Psittacula cyanocephala – Perruche à tête prune
• Psittacula roseata – Perruche à tête rose
• Psittacula columboides – Perruche de Malabar
• Psittacula calthrapae – Perruche de Layard
• Psittacula derbiana – Perruche de Derby
• Psittacula alexandri – Perruche à moustaches
• Psittacula caniceps – Perruche des Nicobar
• †Psittacula exsul – Perruche de Newton
• Psittacula longicauda – Perruche à longs brins

Parmi celles-ci, trois espèces éteintes :

• †Psittacula wardi – Perruche des Seychelles parfois considérée comme une sous-espèce de Psittacula eupatria ;
• †Psittacula bensoni – (?)
• †Psittacula exsul – Perruche de Newton

Para anggota genus bayan Psittacula atau parkit berleher cincin Afro-Asia umumnya dikenal berasal dari Afrika sampai Asia Tenggara. Genus tersebut adalah kelompok yang besar, dengan konsentrasi spesies yang jelas di selatan Asia, selain juga para perwakilan di Afrika dan kepulauan Samudera Hindia.

Referensi

Pranala luar

• Psittacula World
• Stamps featuring Parrots including Psittacula
• Images and German Descriptions

Templat:Psittaculini

Psittacula Cuvier, 1800 è un genere di uccelli della famiglia degli Psittaculidi.^[1]

A questo genere appartengono 16 specie di pappagalli, 3 delle quali estinte, di taglia media, diffusi in Africa e Asia, dove prediligono le foreste non troppo fitte e le boscaglie lungo i corsi d'acqua. Alcune di queste specie sono allevate in cattività, dove si sono selezionate alcune interessanti mutazioni.

Tassonomia

Comprende le seguenti specie:^[1]

• Psittacula eupatria (Linnaeus, 1766) - parrocchetto alessandrino
• Psittacula wardi † (E.Newton, 1867) - parrocchetto delle Seychelles
• Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769) - parrocchetto dal collare
• Psittacula eques (Boddaert, 1783) - parrocchetto di Mauritius
• Psittacula bensoni † (Holyoak, 1973) - parrocchetto grigio di Mauritius
• Psittacula himalayana (Lesson, 1831) - parrocchetto testardesia
• Psittacula finschii (Hume, 1874) - parrocchetto testagrigia
• Psittacula cyanocephala (Linnaeus, 1766) - parrocchetto testaprugna
• Psittacula roseata Biswas, 1951 - parrocchetto facciarosa
• Psittacula columboides (Vigors, 1830) - parrocchetto del Malabar
• Psittacula calthropae (Blyth, 1849) - parrocchetto di Layard
• Psittacula derbiana (Fraser, 1852) - parrocchetto di Derby
• Psittacula alexandri (Linnaeus, 1758) - parrocchetto pettorosso
• Psittacula caniceps (Blyth, 1846) - parrocchetto delle Nicobare
• Psittacula exsul † (A.Newton, 1872) - parrocchetto di Newton
• Psittacula longicauda (Boddaert, 1783) - parrocchetto codalunga

Note

Žieduotosios papūgos (lot. Psittacula, vok. Edelsittiche) – papūginių (Psittacidae) šeimos paukščių gentis.

Išvaizda

Tai labai gražios ir grakščios vidutinio dydžio papūgos. Kūno ilgis iki 42 cm, sparnų ilgis 16 cm. Uodega ilga. Snapas apskritos formos, stambus. Plunksnų danga žalia, aplink kaklą yra vėrinį, kaklaraištį ar žiedą primenanti juosta. Sparnai ilgi ir smailūs. Patinų ir patelių spalva skiriasi. Jauniklių spalva kaip patelės. Po trejų metų jaunikliai subręsta ir jų spalva tampa kaip suaugusių paukščių. Kojos silpnos ir trumpos. Vaikščiodamos ant žemės arba laipiodamos šakomis daugiau naudoja snapą kaip atramą.

Paplitimas

Paplitusios Pietų Azijoje ir Rytų Afrikoje.

Gyvenimo būdas

Gyvena pulkais miškingose vietose. Anksti ryte ir vakare skrenda maitintis, o po to būriuojasi prie vandens telkinių. Pasimaitinusios ilsisi tupėdamos tankmėje ant medžių galūnių.

Maitinasi laukinių ir kultūrinių augalų sėklomis ir vaisiais.

Laikymas

Tai populiarūs paukščiai tarp paukščių mylėtojų. Lengvai perneša kambario sąlygas, greitai pripranta prie žmogaus. Nelaisvėje gyvena ilgai. Gali greitai išmokti pamėgdžioti atskirus žodžius ar net frazes. Vienintelis trūkumas – aštrus ir nemalonus balsas. Jos būna gana rėksnios, bet nuo šito galima atpratinti.

Rūšys

Gentyje yra 12-16 rūšių:

• Aleksandro žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula eupatria)
• Himalajinė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula himalayana)
• Javinė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula alexandri)
• Ilgauodegė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula longicauda)
• Kininė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula derbiana)
• Kramerio žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula krameri)
• Malabarinė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula columboides)
• Nikobarinė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula caniceps)
• Pilkagalvė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula finschii)
• Psittacula eques
  • † Psittacula eques eques
• † Psittacula exsul
• † Psittacula wardi
• Rožinė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula roseata)
• Smaragdinė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula calthropae)
• Violetinė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula cyanocephala)

• Kininė žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula derbiana)

• Aleksandro žieduotoji papūga (Psittacula eupatria)

Vikiteka

Burung Bayan adalah sejenis burung nuri dalam genus Psittacula. Burung Bayan merupakan kumpulan yang tersebaar luas, dengan tumpuan jelas spesies di Asia selatan, tetapi juga terdapat di Afrika dan kepulauan Lautan Hindi.

Vogels

Psittacula is een geslacht van vogels uit de familie van de Psittaculidae (papegaaien van de Oude Wereld).^[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van het geslacht is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1800 door Cuvier.

Voorkomen

De soorten in het geslacht komen voornamelijk voor in Zuid-Azië en Zuidoost-Azië. De halsbandparkiet komt oorspronkelijk ook in Afrika voor en sinds de twintigste eeuw ook als verwilderde populaties in grote steden in Europa.

Soorten

De volgende soorten zijn bij het geslacht ingedeeld:^[1][2]

• Psittacula alexandri (Alexanderparkiet) (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Psittacula calthrapae (Smaragdparkiet) (Blyth, 1849)
• Psittacula caniceps (Blyths parkiet) (Blyth, 1846)
• Psittacula columboides (Malabarparkiet) (Vigors, 1830)
• Psittacula cyanocephala (Pruimekopparkiet) (Linnaeus, 1766)
• Psittacula derbiana (Lord Derby's parkiet) (Fraser, 1852)
• Psittacula eques (Mauritiusparkiet) (Boddaert, 1783)
• Psittacula eupatria (Grote alexanderparkiet) (Linnaeus, 1766)
• Psittacula finschii (Finsch' parkiet) (Hume, 1874)
• Psittacula himalayana (Grijskopparkiet) (Lesson, 1832)
• Psittacula krameri (Halsbandparkiet) (Scopoli, 1769)
• Psittacula longicauda (Langstaartparkiet) (Boddaert, 1783)
• Psittacula roseata (Bloesemkopparkiet) Biswas, 1951

Uitgestorven

• † Psittacula bensoni (Thirioux' parkiet) (Holyoak, 1973)
• † Psittacula exsul (Newtons parkiet) (Newton, A, 1872)
• † Psittacula wardi (Seychellenparkiet) (Newton, E, 1867)
• † Psittacula eques eques (Réunionparkiet) (Boddaert, 1783)

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties

Halsbåndparakitten (Psittacula) er ei slekt som hører til gruppen parakitter (Psittacidae). Artene er sosiale og lever et matriarkisk system der monogami praktiseres. Dette vises spesielt i hekkesesongen, da hunnene kan bli særlig aggressive mot hannene.

Beskrivelse

Hannene har et markert bånd rundt halsen, som kan variere i farge og har gitt opphav til det norske navnet på gruppen. Det mest karakteristiske ved halsbåndparakittene er deres lange og sterke hale. Den gjør dem til gode flygere og som er dyktige til å manøvrere. Et annet kjennetegn er et bredt og kraftig nebb, som står i kontrast til en lang og slank kropp.

Historien

Grekerne i det gamle Hellas må ha verdsatt halsbåndsparakitter høyt, for den ble dokumentert alt 350 år f.Kr. Legen Ktesias beskrev en fugl som kunne snakke det indiske språket. Fuglen bar en blågrønn fjærdrakt og et lilla ansikt med svart skjegg.

...of the parrot about as large as a hawk, which has a human tongue and voice, a dark-red beak, a black, beard, and blue feathers up to the neck, which is red like cinnabar.5 It speaks Indian like a native, and if taught Greek, speaks Greek.
- Photius Bibliotheca or Myriobiblon History of India.

På den tiden skilte man ikke papegøyer fra parakitter, derfor brukes betegnelsen parrot. I nyere tider har det blitt påvist at det var en halsbåndparakitt, men det er usikkert hvilken art som ble beskrevet. Ifølge noen kilder kan det ha vært P. cyanocephala eller P. roseata ^{[trenger referanse]}.

Det var gjerne rike kvinner som kjøpte snakkende halsbåndsparakitter til prisen av en slave. De hadde dem i store bur laget av elfenben, skilpaddeskall og sølv.

Arter

Norske navn på artene er i henhold til Norsk Ornitologisk Forenings oversikt; Norske navn på verdens fugler.^[1]

• Psittacula alexandri – Skjeggparakitt
• Psittacula calthropae – Grønnhalsparakitt
• Psittacula caniceps – Nikobarparakitt
• Psittacula columboides – Dueparakitt
• Psittacula cyanocephala – Plommehodeparakitt
• Psittacula derbiana – Kinaparakitt
• Psittacula echo – Mauritiusparakitt
• Psittacula eupatria – Aleksanderparakitt
• Psittacula exsul – Blåparakitt, †
• Psittacula finschii – Gråhodeparakitt
• Psittacula himalayana – Himalayaparakitt
• Psittacula krameri – Halsbåndparakitt
• Psittacula longicauda – Langhaleparakitt
• Psittacula roseata – Rosenhodeparakitt
• Psittacula wardi – Seychellparakitt, †

Fotogalleri

Nedenfor er kun et utvalg av artene.

• Skjeggparakitt

• Grønnhalsparakitt

• Dueparakitt

• Plommehodeparakitt

• Kinaparakitt

• Aleksanderparakitt

• Halsbåndparakitt

Referanser

Eksterne lenker

• (sv) Halsbåndparakitter hos Dyntaxa
• (en) Halsbåndparakitter i Encyclopedia of Life
• (en) Halsbåndparakitter hos NCBI
• (en) Halsbåndparakitter hos ITIS
• (en) Kategori:Psittacula – bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
• (en) Psittacula – galleri av bilder, video eller lyd på Wikimedia Commons
• Psittacula – detaljert informasjon på Wikispecies
  • [1] Photius Bibliotheca or Myriobiblon
  • [2] Homepage of PsittaculaWorld

Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Psittacula – rodzaj ptaka z podrodziny papug wschodnich (Psittaculinae) w rodzinie papug wschodnich (Psittaculidae).

Zasięg występowania

Rodzaj obejmuje gatunki występujące w Afryce i Azji^[4].

Morfologia

Długość ciała 29–62 cm; masa ciała 56–258 g^[5].

Systematyka

Etymologia

• Psittacula: nowołac. psittacula – papużka, od zdrobnienia łac. psittacus – papuga, od gr. ψιττακος psittakos – papuga^[6].
• Alexandrinus: Aleksander Macedoński (456 p.n.e.–323 p.n.e.), król Macedonii, uważa się że sprowadził pierwsze te papugi do Europy^[7]. Gatunek typowy: Psittacus krameri Scopoli, 1769.

Podział systematyczny

Do rodzaju należą następujące gatunki^[8]:

• Psittacula finschii – aleksandretta szarogłowa
• Psittacula himalayana – aleksandretta himalajska
• Psittacula roseata – aleksandretta różowogłowa
• Psittacula cyanocephala – aleksandretta śliwogłowa
• Psittacula alexandri – aleksandretta różana
• Psittacula derbiana – aleksandretta chińska
• Psittacula longicauda – aleksandretta długosterna
• Psittacula columboides – aleksandretta seledynowa
• Psittacula calthrapae – aleksandretta zielonoszyja
• Psittacula eupatria – aleksandretta większa
• Psittacula wardi – aleksandretta seszelska – takson wymarły^[9]
• Psittacula krameri – aleksandretta obrożna
• Psittacula eques – aleksandretta krótkosterna
• Psittacula exsul – aleksandretta maskareńska – takson wymarły^[10]
• Psittacula bensoni – aleksandretta szara – takson wymarły
• Psittacula caniceps – aleksandretta siwogłowa

Przypisy

Bibliografia

1. J.A. Jobling: Key to Scientific Names in Ornithology. W: J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D.A. Christie & E. de Juana (red.): Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions, 2017. [dostęp 2017-10-10]. (ang.)

Papugowe (Psittaciformes) Królestwo: zwierzęta • Typ: strunowce • Podtyp: kręgowce • Gromada: ptaki • Rząd: papugowekakapowate
(Strigopidae) kakaduowate
(Cacatuidae) papugowate
(Psittacidae) papugi wschodnie
(Psittaculidae)

Układ filogenetyczny (podrodziny, plemiona, rodzaje) na podstawie:

• P. Mielczarek, M. Kuziemko: Rząd: Psittaciformes Wagler, 1830 - papugowe (Wersja: 2016-09-18). W: Kompletna lista ptaków świata [on-line]. Instytut Nauk o Środowisku Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego. [dostęp 2017-03-08].

Psittacula é um gênero de aves da família Psittacidae.

Espécies

As seguintes espécies são reconhecidas:^[1]

• Periquito-grande-alexandre, Psittacula eupatria (Linnaeus, 1766)
• † Periquito-das-seychelles, Psittacula wardi (Newton, E, 1867)
• Periquito-de-colar, Psittacula krameri (Scopoli, 1769)
• Periquito-de-maurícios, Psittacula eques (Boddaert, 1783)
• † Papagaio-cinzento-das-maurícias, Psittacula bensoni (Holyoak, 1973)
• Periquito-himalayana, Psittacula himalayana (Lesson, 1832)
• Periquito-de-cabeça-cinza, Psittacula finschii (Hume, 1874)
• Periquito-cabeça-de-ameixa, Psittacula cyanocephala (Linnaeus, 1766)
• Periquito-de-cabeça-rosa, Psittacula roseata Biswas, 1951
• Periquito-de-malabar, Psittacula columboides (Vigors, 1830)
• Periquito-de-colarinho-verde, Psittacula calthropae (Blyth, 1849)
• Periquito-da-china, Psittacula derbiana (Fraser, 1852)
• Periquito-de-bigode, Psittacula alexandri (Linnaeus, 1758)
• Periquito-de-nicobar, Psittacula caniceps (Blyth, 1846)
• † Periquito-de-rodriguez, Psittacula exsul (Newton, A, 1872)
• Periquito-mustache-cauda-longa, Psittacula longicauda (Boddaert, 1783)

Referências

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=1021FA920B6915F9

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=2C828882547EDCF6

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=6B1CFC3CFA400D78

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=1B1E760896C3AE97

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=20F87A8D82C00B84

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=5D7421A056FDE997

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=A72667DFE3933E71

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=109000B451137457

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=7FBB0C8D4C9661D6

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=378A591F7D735C21

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=DB5ABCFC5FAF4B44

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=BE817B490E519D62

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=AC2576A1A8D7096B

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=3BC383B01A1BD382

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=C7B5B8044FD44F97

https://avibase.bsc-eoc.org/species.jsp?lang=PT&avibaseid=39960EAB7C827833

Psittacula är ett fågelsläkte i familjen asiatiska och australiska papegojor inom ordningen papegojfåglar.^[1] Släktet omfattar 16 arter som förekommer framför allt i södra Asien och Sydostasien från Afghanistan till Borneo, men också med en art i Afrika söder om Sahara och flera arter på öar i västra Indiska oceanen, varav de flesta idag är utdöda:^[1][2]

• Gråhuvad parakit (P. finschii)
• Himalayaparakit (P. himalayana)
• Äppelhuvad parakit (P. roseata)
• Plommonhuvad parakit (P. cyanocephala)
• Mustaschparakit (P. alexandri)
• Derbyparakit (P. derbiana)
• Långstjärtad parakit (P. longicauda)
• Ghatsparakit (P. columboides)
• Smaragdparakit (P. calthrapae)
• Alexanderparakit (P. eupatria)
• Seychellparakit (P. wardi) – utdöd
• Halsbandsparakit (P. krameri)
• Mauritiusparakit (P. eques)
• Rodriguesparakit (P. exsul) – utdöd
• Nikobarparakit (P. caniceps)
• Gråparakit (P. bensoni) – utdöd

Referenser

1. ^ [a b] Gill, F & D Donsker (Eds). 2015. IOC World Bird List (v 5.4). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.5.4.
2. ^ Sveriges ornitologiska förening (2015) Officiella listan över svenska namn på världens fågelarter Arkiverad 18 oktober 2014 hämtat från the Wayback Machine., läst 2015-12-20

Externa länkar

• Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Psittacula.
  Bilder & media

Psittacula là một chi chim trong họ Psittacidae.^[1]

Các loài

• Psittacula alexandri
• Psittacula bensoni
• Psittacula calthropae
• Psittacula caniceps
• Psittacula columboides
• Psittacula cyanocephala
• Psittacula derbiana
• Psittacula eques
• Psittacula eupatria
• Psittacula exsul †
• Psittacula finschii
• Psittacula himalayana
• Psittacula krameri
• Psittacula longicauda
• Psittacula roseata
• Psittacula wardi †

Tham khảo

Liên kết ngoài

Wikimedia Commons có phương tiện truyền tải liên quan đến Psittacula và Psittacidae.

• Psittacula World
• Stamps featuring Parrots including Psittacula
• Images and German Descriptions

Царство: Животные

Подцарство: Эуметазои

Без ранга: Двусторонне-симметричные

Без ранга: Вторичноротые

Тип: Хордовые

Подтип: Позвоночные

Инфратип: Челюстноротые

Надкласс: Четвероногие

Класс: Птицы

Подкласс: Настоящие птицы

Инфракласс: Новонёбные

Отряд: Попугаеобразные

Семейство: Попугаевые

Подсемейство: Настоящие попугаи

Триба: Настоящие попугаи

Род: Кольчатые попугаи

• 1 Внешний вид
• 2 Распространение
• 3 Образ жизни
• 4 Размножение
• 5 Содержание
• 6 Классификация^[1]
• 7 Примечания
• 8 Литература