The Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) is a common species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks and are among the most abundant species of sharks in the world. This species is closely related to Squalus acanthias and for many years they were treated as a single species.[3] Recent research, using meristic, morphological and molecular data led to the resurrection of Pacific Spiny Dogfish as a separate species.[3] The American Fisheries Society recommends the common name "Pacific Spiny Dogfish" for Squalus suckleyi over alternatives such as "Spotted Spiny Dogfish" and "North Pacific Spiny Dogfish" and "Spiny Dogfish" for Squalus acanthias.[4]
The maximum length of a Pacific dogfish can be 130 centimetres (51 in), and they can live up to 100 years. Squalus suckleyi has a slower growth rate, larger maximum size, and later maturity compared to Squalus acanthias species. The slower growth rate and time of maturity could be related to the colder temperatures these sharks face.[5] Pacific spiny dogfish prefer to be in temperatures ranging from 7 to 15 °C (45 to 59 °F). Dogfish are found all over the world, but the Pacific spiny dogfish are found mostly in the North Pacific Ocean. These areas range from Korea to Japan and Russia, as well as the gulf of Alaska down to Baja, California. They are known to be piscivores, eating other fish. Additionally, they are known to consume octopus, squid, and crustaceans.
Squalus suckleyi have a slow reproduction rate compared to other sharks, with their gestation period being roughly around two years. This makes the Pacific dogfish more vulnerable to threats since they take longer to reproduce.[6]
The Pacific spiny dogfish are small and skinny members of the family Squalidae. Throughout the entire Pacific Ocean, male and female dogfish measure up to be around 100 to 130 centimeters. Female Pacific dogfish reach a weight of 15 to 20 pounds by maturity, while the males tend to be much smaller in weight. The average maturation of the sharks normally take up to around 25 years. They can even live to the age of 100 years old.[7] This makes the Northeast Pacific spiny dogfish the longest living out of all dogfish.[8]
Its distinctive snout, large eyes, and flattened head are just a few of the physical characteristics that give the Pacific spiny dogfish its distinctive look.[9] The dogfish has a cylindrical shaped body. This type of shark also contains a unique body coloring. The top half of the shark has a gray color with scattered white spots while the bottom half has a white/light gray color. The scales of the dogfish is composed of the same material of shark teeth called dermal denticles, making the skin very hard and durable.[10] The skin of the sharks used to be used as sandpaper once dried to do woodwork or even be used as leather, once the denticles are removed.[11] Lastly, the Pacific spiny dogfish has a set of teeth specialized for grinding instead of tearing by the teeth being flat with sharp edges. If any of the teeth are worn down or broken, new teeth replace them from the two rows that are not being used to prey on other animals.[12]
Another specific characteristic of this type of shark is the structure of their fins. Although the Pacific spiny dogfish does not have an anal fin, they have a special fin instead. Relating to their name, the spiny dogfish have two spines that are in front of each dorsal fin. The use of two spines on the outer body have been proven for the use of protection against enemies such as other sharks, humans, and even whales. The two fins are known for their venomous nature, although the nature of the venom has not been well studied.[13][14] This is where the name "Spiny" comes into play due to the thorn-like spines that are in front of each dorsal fin. The shark forms into a curled up ball and then attacks its predators.[15] Another feature of the dorsal spines is annuli on the enamel that can be used to estimate age.[16] The dorsal fins also give the shark advantages. The first dorsal fin helps the spiny dogfish maintain a stable body position while swimming while the second aids in generating thrust.[17] The caudal fin is larger than normal, which helps the sharks maneuver through the water quickly and efficiently.[18]
The Pacific spiny dogfish has a unique system of ventilation. This type of dogfish has five gills on each side of their heads, but do not have gill covers like bony fish. The shark is able to breathe with these gills by swimming or staying in a current. The Pacific spiny dogfish also has a special feature called a spiracle. These are gills that are behind the eyes of the shark that give oxygen to the eyes and brain. It is also used to breathe while resting or eating.[19] The breathing of the dogfish happens as a two step process. First, the dogfish has water enter its mouth and exit through the parabranchial cavity, which then goes out through the five gill slits. The first three gill slits are primarily used for suction action. The fourth gill slit has the same purpose, but with a weaker activity. Finally, the fifth gill slit has water escaping while the Pacific spiny dogfish feeds on its prey.[20]
Dogfish in general live in three main areas of the ocean: the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian ocean. While dogfish can be found all around the world, this specific type of spiny dogfish can be found in the Pacific Ocean. Spiny dogfish in the northern Pacific Ocean have recently been reevaluated and found to constitute a separate species, now known as the Pacific spiny dogfish.[3]
The Pacific dogfish's habitat consists of bays, including inshore and offshore waters. Female dogfish are usually seen in inshore waters while smalls pups are seen maneuvering in offshore waters. These animals are usually spotted at the bottom of the continental shelf at the bottom of the sea. The Pacific dogfish prefers to live mainly in saltwater, but they can live in and tolerate brackish water (a mix of salt and fresh water).[21]
Migratory patterns of Pacific spiny dogfish are not well understood. Analyses of tagged dogfish have shown a seasonal north-south migration along the west coast of the United States and Canada as well as a seasonal pattern of dogfish tagged in the inside waters of the Puget Sound repeatedly leaving that area for outside coastal waters in the summer.[22]
Tagged dogfish released in Canadian waters off British Columbia were most often recaptured in the same area as released but 10 individuals were recaptured near Japan[23]
Pacific spiny dogfish have been frequently captured over 1000 km from shore in salmon research gillnets in the North Pacific Ocean, suggesting that the trans-Pacific migrations from Canada to Japan could have passed through the open ocean rather than following the coast[24]
The Pacific dogfish have a longer reproduction rate compared to other sharks, but have the same reproduction characteristics as Squalus acanthias . The gestation period for spiny dogfish is normally 18 to 24 months.[25] Dogfish that live in cooler water may have an increased duration of pregnancy. Females are also known to migrate from deep to shallow water as the pregnancy continues. This migration pattern is known to influence embryonic growth. Baby dogfish, also known as pups, found near Newfoundland had an average of 1.1 cm/month and 24 month pregnancy period, while a warmer area such as Massachusetts had an average of 1.3 cm/month and 20-22 month pregnancy period.[26] The sexual maturity of a dogfish is hard to determine because it varies anywhere from 10–30 years. Food supplies and water temperature also play a role in growth and development of the dogfish. The length of a newborn Pacific dogfish is around 22 to 23 centimeters. Females seem to be significantly larger than male dogfish. At sexual maturity the male dogfish is 60–70 cm while the female is about 70–100 cm. This length difference can be caused by the reproduction process of the female. Their bodies need to be bigger to carry and protect their eggs within their bodies. Pacific dogfish are ovoviviparous. This means that they produce eggs that hatch within the body. The size of the litter ranges from 1 to 20 newborns. Fertilization usually occurs from the beginning of October to the beginning of February.[5]
The Pacific dogfish is an elasmobranchs or cartilaginous fish which includes sharks, skates and rays. Dogfish are carnivorous or meat eaters. Their teeth are sharp and are inclined laterally in order to cut through their prey. The Pacific dogfish usually eat mollusks or crustaceans such as squid, krill, and shrimp. They also eat other small sharks and fish. According to Jennifer Bigman, a marine scientist, there is no difference between what male dogfish eat versus what female dogfish eat.[27] Their prey are usually found on the sea floor, so the Pacific spiny dogfish has to scan the bottom in order to invest in their prey. Elasmobranchs consume very little carbohydrates and glucose. During times of starvation, they rely on ketone bodies to give them enough energy to survive. Cartilaginous fish are able to endure severe hypoglycemia due to their ketone oxidation. Squalus suckleyi are able to eat more carbohydrates compared to other elasmobranchs. The rectal gland is activated when a dogfish consumes food. This gland helps the Pacific dogfish become glucose dependent. This means that they have the ability to break down a small amount of glucose.[28]
The Pacific dogfish poses no immediate threat to humans. It is rare to hear about this type of shark attacking and injuring humans. The only significant way that the Pacific dogfish can cause harm to a human is if a person gets near the poisonous spikes that are located at the dorsal fin.
The main species of animals that threaten the Pacific dogfish population are sharks, Killer whales, seals, and larger bony fishes.[29] The Pacific dogfish has relatively few predators, as its poisonous spines serve as a deterrent measure. The Giant Pacific Octopus has also been found to be a predator in the wild.
The slow growth and low reproductive rates of Pacific spiny dogfish make them vulnerable to overfishing, but unlike the spiny dogfish found in other regions, which has been declared overfished in the past, stock assessments for the Pacific spiny dogfish in Alaska, British Columbia, and the West Coast of the United States have either found that the data are not informative about the stock status, or that the stock is not overfished and that overfishing is not occurring.[30][31]
Dogfish have been harvested for subsistence use on the Pacific coast for centuries, but commercial fisheries first began targeting dogfish in the 1930s and commercial landings of Pacific spiny dogfish in the West Coast of the United States were highest in the 1940s, driven by a market for Vitamin A from shark liver oil.[31] The mortality due to fishing was estimated to have peaked at over 15,000 mt in 1944 but rapidly declined in the years after that and remained below 3,000 mt for the years since 1950.[31]
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) {{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) The Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi) is a common species of the Squalidae (dogfish) family of sharks and are among the most abundant species of sharks in the world. This species is closely related to Squalus acanthias and for many years they were treated as a single species. Recent research, using meristic, morphological and molecular data led to the resurrection of Pacific Spiny Dogfish as a separate species. The American Fisheries Society recommends the common name "Pacific Spiny Dogfish" for Squalus suckleyi over alternatives such as "Spotted Spiny Dogfish" and "North Pacific Spiny Dogfish" and "Spiny Dogfish" for Squalus acanthias.
The maximum length of a Pacific dogfish can be 130 centimetres (51 in), and they can live up to 100 years. Squalus suckleyi has a slower growth rate, larger maximum size, and later maturity compared to Squalus acanthias species. The slower growth rate and time of maturity could be related to the colder temperatures these sharks face. Pacific spiny dogfish prefer to be in temperatures ranging from 7 to 15 °C (45 to 59 °F). Dogfish are found all over the world, but the Pacific spiny dogfish are found mostly in the North Pacific Ocean. These areas range from Korea to Japan and Russia, as well as the gulf of Alaska down to Baja, California. They are known to be piscivores, eating other fish. Additionally, they are known to consume octopus, squid, and crustaceans.
Squalus suckleyi have a slow reproduction rate compared to other sharks, with their gestation period being roughly around two years. This makes the Pacific dogfish more vulnerable to threats since they take longer to reproduce.
Squalus suckleyi es una especie de elasmobranquio escualiforme de la familia Squalidae.[1]
Squalus suckleyi es una especie de elasmobranquio escualiforme de la familia Squalidae.
Squalus suckleyi is een vissensoort uit de familie van de doornhaaien (Squalidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1855 door Girard.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
O Squalus suckleyi é uma espécie comum da família de tubarões Squalidae (peixe-gato) e está entre as espécies de tubarões mais abundantes do mundo. Esta espécie está intimamente relacionada com Squalus acanthias e, por muitos anos, foi tratada como uma única espécie. [3] Pesquisas recentes, usando dados merísticos, morfológicos e moleculares, levaram à ressurreição do Pacific Spiny Dogfish como uma espécie separada. A American Fisheries Society recomenda o nome comum "Pacific Spiny Dogfish" para Squalus suckleyi sobre alternativas como "Spotted Spiny Dogfish" e "North Pacific Spiny Dogfish" e "Spiny Dogfish" para Squalus acanthias . [4]
O comprimento máximo de um Squalus suckleyi pode ser de 30 cm , e eles podem viver até 100 anos. Squalus suckleyi tem uma taxa de crescimento mais lenta, tamanho máximo maior e maturidade posterior em comparação com espécies de Squalus acanthias . A menor taxa de crescimento e o tempo de maturidade podem estar relacionados às temperaturas mais frias que esses tubarões enfrentam. [5] O Squalus suckleyi prefere temperaturas entre 30 e 15 graus. O Squalus suckleyi é encontrado em todo o mundo, mas o Squalus suckleyi é encontrado principalmente no Oceano Pacífico. Essas áreas variam da Coréia ao Japão e Rússia, além do golfo do Alasca até Baja, Califórnia. Eles são conhecidos por serem piscívoros, comendo outros peixes. Além disso, eles são conhecidos por consumir polvos, lulas e crustáceos.
Squalus suckleyi tem uma taxa de reprodução lenta em comparação com outros tubarões, com um período de gestação de aproximadamente dois anos. Isso torna o Squalus suckleyi mais vulnerável a ameaças, pois leva mais tempo para se reproduzir. [6]
Os peixes espinhosos do Pacífico são pequenos e magros membros da família Squalidae. Em todo o Oceano Pacífico, os peixes macho e fêmea medem cerca de 100 a 130 centímetros. O cação fêmea do Pacífico atinge um peso de 15 a 20 libras por maturidade, enquanto os machos tendem a ser muito menores em peso. A maturação média dos tubarões normalmente leva cerca de 25 anos. Eles podem até viver até os 100 anos de idade. [7] Isso torna o Squalus suckleyi a vida mais longa de todos os peixes-cachorro. [8]
Seu focinho distinto, olhos grandes e cabeça achatada são apenas algumas das características físicas que conferem ao Squalus suckleyi uma aparência distinta. [9] O cação tem um corpo cilíndrico. Este tipo de tubarão também contém uma coloração corporal única. A metade superior do tubarão tem uma cor cinza com manchas brancas espalhadas, enquanto a metade inferior tem uma cor branco / cinza claro. A escama do Squalus suckleyi é composta pelo mesmo material dos dentes de tubarão, chamado dentículo dérmico, tornando a pele muito dura e durável. [10] A pele dos tubarões costumava ser usada como lixa uma vez seca para fazer madeira ou até mesmo como couro, uma vez removidos os dentículos. [11] Por fim, o Squalus suckleyi tem um conjunto de dentes especializados para triturar, em vez de rasgar pelos dentes, sendo achatados e com bordas afiadas. Se algum dos dentes estiver desgastado ou quebrado, novos dentes substituí-los das duas fileiras que não estão sendo usadas para atacar outros animais. [12]
Outra característica específica desse tipo de tubarão é a estrutura de suas barbatanas . Embora o Squalus suckleyi não tenha uma barbatana anal, ele tem uma barbatana especial. Em relação ao nome, o Squalus suckleyi tem dois espinhos na frente de cada barbatana dorsal. O uso de dois espinhos no corpo externo foi comprovado para o uso de proteção contra inimigos como outros tubarões, humanos e até baleias. As duas barbatanas são conhecidas por sua natureza venenosa. É aqui que o nome "Espinhoso" entra em cena devido aos espinhos semelhantes a espinhos que estão na frente de cada barbatana dorsal. O tubarão forma uma bola enrolada e ataca seus predadores. [13] Outra característica das espinhas dorsais são os anéis no esmalte que podem ser usados para estimar a idade. [14] As barbatanas dorsais também oferecem vantagens aos tubarões. A primeira barbatana dorsal ajuda o Squalus suckleyi a manter uma posição corporal estável enquanto nada, enquanto o segundo auxilia na geração de impulso. [15] A barbatana caudal é maior que o normal, o que ajuda os tubarões a manobrar através da água de maneira rápida e eficiente. [16]
|nome3= sem |sobrenome3= em Authors list (ajuda) O Squalus suckleyi é uma espécie comum da família de tubarões Squalidae (peixe-gato) e está entre as espécies de tubarões mais abundantes do mundo. Esta espécie está intimamente relacionada com Squalus acanthias e, por muitos anos, foi tratada como uma única espécie. Pesquisas recentes, usando dados merísticos, morfológicos e moleculares, levaram à ressurreição do Pacific Spiny Dogfish como uma espécie separada. A American Fisheries Society recomenda o nome comum "Pacific Spiny Dogfish" para Squalus suckleyi sobre alternativas como "Spotted Spiny Dogfish" e "North Pacific Spiny Dogfish" e "Spiny Dogfish" para Squalus acanthias .
O comprimento máximo de um Squalus suckleyi pode ser de 30 cm , e eles podem viver até 100 anos. Squalus suckleyi tem uma taxa de crescimento mais lenta, tamanho máximo maior e maturidade posterior em comparação com espécies de Squalus acanthias . A menor taxa de crescimento e o tempo de maturidade podem estar relacionados às temperaturas mais frias que esses tubarões enfrentam. O Squalus suckleyi prefere temperaturas entre 30 e 15 graus. O Squalus suckleyi é encontrado em todo o mundo, mas o Squalus suckleyi é encontrado principalmente no Oceano Pacífico. Essas áreas variam da Coréia ao Japão e Rússia, além do golfo do Alasca até Baja, Califórnia. Eles são conhecidos por serem piscívoros, comendo outros peixes. Além disso, eles são conhecidos por consumir polvos, lulas e crustáceos.
Squalus suckleyi tem uma taxa de reprodução lenta em comparação com outros tubarões, com um período de gestação de aproximadamente dois anos. Isso torna o Squalus suckleyi mais vulnerável a ameaças, pois leva mais tempo para se reproduzir.
Загальна довжина досягає 1,6 м. В середньому — 1-1,3 м. Голова велика. Морда конічної форми з округлим кінчиком. Очі помірно великі, складає 3,9% довжини тіла. Розріз очей має горизонтальну форму. Носові клапани позбавлені вторинних долей. Тулуб стрункий, обтічний, сягає у висоту 8,3-12% довжини. Має 2 спинних плавця з шипами, що наділені отруйними залозами. Передній спинний плавець значно більше за задній, розташовано між грудними та черевними плавцями. Задній та черевні плавці — близько до хвостового плавця. Хвіст короткий, хвостовий плавець вузький та широкий. Верхня лопать хвостового плавця більш розвинена ніж нижня. Анальний плавець відсутній.
Забарвлення спини сіре з коричнюватим відтінком. З боків розкидані у випадковому порядку дрібні білі плямочки. Звідси походить назва цієї акули. Черево світліше за спину.
Тримається на глибині до 900 м. Зустрічається на мілині. Полюбляє помірно прохолодну воду — 7-15 °C. Здійснює вертикальні добові міграції, також здатна мігрувати на 7000 км від основного ареалу. Воліє до скелястого, піщаного та мулового ґрунту. Може збиратися у групи, часто за статевою ознакою. Часто від часу полює разом з леопардовими та кунячими акулами. Живиться дрібною костистою рибою, кальмарами, восьминогами, креветками, крабами, раками, лангустами.
Статева зрілість настає у 12 років. Це яйцеживородна акула. Вагітність триває 18-24 місяця. Самиця народжує від 1 до 20 акуленят завдовжки 22-33 см.
Впіймані окремі особини використовуються задля виготовлення рибного борошна, а їх печінка (багата на сквален) — для масла.
Тривалість життя до 66 років.
Мешкає біля узбережжя Японії, Корейського півострова, Камчатки, Курильських островів, о. Сахалін (Російська Федерація), Алеутських островів, Аляски (США), Британської Колумбії (Канада) до півострова Каліфорнія.
Squalus suckleyi (Girard, 1855)
Синонимы
Squalus suckleyi — вид рода колючих акул семейства катрановых акул отряда катранообразных. Обитает в северной части Тихого океана. Встречается на глубине до 110 м. Максимальный зарегистрированный размер — 130 см, по некоторым данным — 160 см[1]. Вероятно, размножается яйцеживорождением. Не является объектом коммерческого промысла[2].
Вид назван в честь Джорджа Саклея, поймавшего акулу, которую описал Шарль Фредерик Жирар. Долгое время Squalus suckleyi считалась синонимом пятнистой колючей акулы. Лишь в 2010 году вид был восстановлен на основании морфологических и молекулярных данных. От пятнистой колючей акулы Squalus suckleyi отличается укороченным и широко закруглённым рылом, расположением первого спинного плавника (середина его основания сдвинута вперед относительно начала основания грудных плавников), положением брюшных плавников (их основания сдвинуты ближе к второму спинному плавнику) и средним количеством позвонков (99)[2].
Squalus suckleyi обитают в северной части Тихого океана у побережья Кореи, Японии, России (Камчатка, Охотское море, Сахалин), в Беринговом море, у Алеутских островов, в восточной части залива Аляска, в водах Британской Колумбии и от юга штата Вашингтон до до юга Нижней Калифорнии. Эти акулы встречаются в умеренных водах температурой от 7 до 15 °C на глубине 15—110 м. В зависимости от температурных колебаний они совершают вертикальные и горизонтальные миграции[3].
Максимальный зарегистрированный размер составляет 130 см. Тело стройное и удлинённое, высота туловища составляет 8,3—12,0 % от длины тела. Рыло короткое, закруглённое. Ноздри обрамлены кожными складками, вторичная лопасть отсутствует. Расстояние от кончика рыла до ноздрей в 1,4 раза больше ширины рта. Расстояние от кончика рыла до рта в 2 раза превышает расстояние от кончика рыла до ноздрей и равно 8,6—9,5 % длины тела. Овальные глаза среднего размера вытянуты по горизонтали. Позади глаз имеются брызгальца. У основания спинных плавников расположены шипы. Первый спинной плавник крупнее второго. Грудные плавники не имеют серповидной формы. Хвостовой плавник асимметричный, выемка у края более длинной верхней лопасти отсутствует. Анальный плавник отсутствует. Окраска серо-коричневого цвета, по бокам разбросаны светлые пятнышки[2].
Эти акулы размножаются яйцеживорождением. Беременность длится около 24 месяцев. Продолжительность жизни достигает 40 лет[4].
Вид не является объектом целевого рыбного промысла. В качестве прилова может попадаться в коммерческие сети. Мясо употребляют в пищу, но ценится оно невысоко. Международный союз охраны природы ещё не оценил статус сохранности данного вида.
Squalus suckleyi — вид рода колючих акул семейства катрановых акул отряда катранообразных. Обитает в северной части Тихого океана. Встречается на глубине до 110 м. Максимальный зарегистрированный размер — 130 см, по некоторым данным — 160 см. Вероятно, размножается яйцеживорождением. Не является объектом коммерческого промысла.
アブラツノザメ (油角鮫、英: North pacific Spiny dogfish、学名：Squalus suckleyi) は、ツノザメ目ツノザメ科に属するサメ。
これまで全世界の寒帯に生息すると思われていたが、2010年に北太平洋に住むものは別種であるとされた。それに伴い北太平洋に生息する個体群の学名は、Squalus acanthiasからSqualus suckleyiに変更された。それにともなって、英名もNorth pacific spiny dogfishとなった[1][2]。以下の記述にはSqualus acanthias に関するものが混在している可能性がある。
北太平洋の温帯や、寒帯域の大陸棚付近に分布する。生息水深帯は0m（海表面） - 900m以深で、海底付近に多い[3]。回遊魚であり、群れを作って分布範囲を拡げる事もある。低温海域の北方では比較的浅い深度にも上がってくる。
最大全長160cm、体重9,100g[4]。平均的なサイズは70-100cm[5]。体型は細長い流線型。背側の体色は灰色から褐色で、腹側は白色。体側には白色斑が多数みられる。臀鰭はない。2基の背鰭前縁には弱い毒棘を備える。尾柄部には隆起線がある。尾鰭上葉に欠刻はない。両顎歯は同形。歯には深い欠刻があり、先端は口角を向く。歯列全体で一連の刃縁を形成する。
深海の底性部と北方海域の浅い海の沖合に生息し、底生性生物（ベントス）や魚類、甲殻類や軟体動物などを主食にしている。
胎生。非胎盤形成型。産仔数は1-15尾で、平均6-7尾[5]。産まれたときの大きさは20-33cm[5]。胎仔の背鰭前棘は軟骨性の膜で覆われ、母体を傷つけないようにしている[5]。
雌は76-78cm、12年で成熟し、ほとんどの雄は約60cm、6年で成熟する[5]。寿命は長く、平均25-30年[5]。
天敵は自分よりも大型の魚類や、アザラシ、トドなどの海生哺乳類の他、ミズダコにも捕食されることがある。水族館でも、同じ水槽で飼育されていたミズダコに攻撃されて死亡した例がある[6]。
日本の漁獲量は1910年頃から増加傾向となり、1952年に5万ｔとピークに達した。その後減少し、近年は3～4千ｔの横ばい傾向となっている。 ピーク時は沖合漁業の主対象となったが、現在は他魚種との混獲や小規模漁業が中心と見られる。 主な漁場は津軽海峡周辺で、水揚げ量は北海道、青森県、宮城県で大半を占める[7]。
世界的にはアメリカ、カナダで漁獲量が多く、FAOの調査では2000年の漁獲量は約3万ｔ[8]だった。
サメ類のなかでは美味な種の一つとして、食用とされている。
日本では東北を中心にムキサメと呼んで切り身が販売され、煮付けや照り焼き、フライや唐揚げなどにも使われるほか、頭や卵など多くの部位が食用となる。魚肉練り製品原料や安価なフカヒレとしても利用される。 青森県の津軽地方には、煮込んだ頭からほぐした肉と軟骨を、大根おろしや味噌で和える「すくめ」という郷土料理がある。
和名が示すように魚油が多く得られ、大正期から戦後にかけて肝油の原料とされた。1950年頃まで国際的にビタミンAの原料として漁獲量が急増したが、合成技術の発達により10年ほどで急減した。 現在は軟骨エキスなどサプリメントや化粧品の原料として需要がある。
初期は魚粕肥料としての需要が中心で、現在はペットフードや観賞魚用の餌、魚粉の材料としても用いられている。 本種は丈夫な種である為、水族館や実験施設などでも飼育され、教育用の解剖素材にも利用される。
アブラツノザメの卵は、ウナギの完全養殖におけるレプトケファルスのえさになる唯一の原料として知られているが[9]、アブラツノザメの量自体が少ないので大量養殖は困難なのが現状である。そのため、これに代わるえさの探求が続けられている。
日本では、一部漁業者による小型魚や高齢魚の再放流や、漁獲量上限設定などの取り組みが行われている。
アブラツノザメ (油角鮫、英: North pacific Spiny dogfish、学名：Squalus suckleyi) は、ツノザメ目ツノザメ科に属するサメ。
これまで全世界の寒帯に生息すると思われていたが、2010年に北太平洋に住むものは別種であるとされた。それに伴い北太平洋に生息する個体群の学名は、Squalus acanthiasからSqualus suckleyiに変更された。それにともなって、英名もNorth pacific spiny dogfishとなった。以下の記述にはSqualus acanthias に関するものが混在している可能性がある。
