dcsimg

Benefits

provided by FAO species catalogs
Details of fisheries off China, Japan and the Republic of Korea sketchy but apparently taken in large numbers off China. Used for human consumption and for preparation of shagreen for polishing and finishing woodworks.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
author
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
original
visit source
partner site
FAO species catalogs

Brief Summary

provided by FAO species catalogs
A little-known angelshark of temperate. western North Pacific waters, found on or near the bottom.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
author
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
original
visit source
partner site
FAO species catalogs

Size

provided by FAO species catalogs
Maximum total length to 2 m long.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
author
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
original
visit source
partner site
FAO species catalogs

Distribution

provided by FAO species catalogs
Western North Pacific: Southeastern Sea of Japan to Yellow Sea, Japan, the Koreas, northern China, ?the Philippines.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
author
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
original
visit source
partner site
FAO species catalogs

Diagnostic Description

provided by FAO species catalogs
fieldmarks: An angelshark with simple, spatulate nasal barbels and weakly fringed or smooth anterior nasal flaps, dermal flaps on sides of head without angular lobes, large eyes with interspace between them and spiracles less than 1.5 times eye diameter, fairly broad and posteriorly rounded pectoral fins, and no ocelli on body. Trunk moderately narrow. Anterior nasal barbels simple and with a narrow, spatulate tip; posterior margin of anterior nasal flaps between nasal barbels and tips weakly fringed or smooth; distance from eye to spiracle less than 1.5 times eye diameter; dermal folds on sides of head without triangular lobes. Pectoral fins rather broad and high, with rounded free rear tips. Moderately large spines present on midline of back and tail from head to dorsal fins and between the fin bases, and on snout and above eyes. No ocelli on body.
license
cc-by-nc-sa-3.0
bibliographic citation
FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
author
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
original
visit source
partner site
FAO species catalogs

Life Cycle

provided by Fishbase
Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Susan M. Luna
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Diagnostic Description

provided by Fishbase
Japanese angelshark Squatina japonica has broad pectoral fins with rounded free rear tips, posterior margin nearly straight, inner margin strongly convex; nasal barbels simple and spatulate. Anterior nasal flaps smooth to weakly fringed; dermal folds on sides of head without lobes. Rear tip of inner margin of pelvic fins considerably anterior to origin of first dorsal; very short hypocercal tail. Rows of moderately large spines on midline of back and tail from head to dorsal fins and between fin bases, and on snout and above eyes. Body color blackish brown with small dark and pale spots; no ocelli (eye-like spot) (Ref. 247, 31369, 12951).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Cristina V. Garilao
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Morphology

provided by Fishbase
Dorsal spines (total): 0; Dorsal soft rays (total): 0; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 0
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Cristina V. Garilao
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Trophic Strategy

provided by Fishbase
Lives in sandy ground. Carnivore. Eats benthic animals.
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Drina Sta. Iglesia
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Biology

provided by Fishbase
A little-known angelshark, found on or near the bottom (Ref. 247). Lives in sandy ground. A carnivore that eats benthic animals (Ref. 9137). Ovoviviparous (Ref. 50449). Utilized for human consumption and for preparation of shagreen (Ref. 247).
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Kent E. Carpenter
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Importance

provided by Fishbase
fisheries: minor commercial; price category: medium; price reliability: very questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this family
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
FishBase
Recorder
Kent E. Carpenter
original
visit source
partner site
Fishbase

Diagnostic Description

provided by Plazi (legacy text)

Squatina japonica, Bleeker 1858 : 40, valid, holotype (unique): RMNH 7416 (Eschmeyer, 2005). Figure 4.

Common name. Japanese angel shark.

Diagnosis. A list of the following distinctive characters: wide but shallow upper lip arch (4.2-5.0% TL in width, 0.8-1.1% TL in height); spiracles with numerous large papillae on inside anterior edge, papillae boxlike in shape; row of thorny tubercles on dorsal originating mid-back and extending to the caudal peduncle; pelvic fins not reaching origin of first dorsal; dorsal fins angular in shape, dorsal bases roughly equal; rusty brown coloration above with fine spotting pattern of numerous small square-shaped spots throughout.

Description. Dorsal surface, except for posterior portion of caudal fin, covered with denticles of moderate roughness. Row of tubercles extending posterior from mid-back, also present interdorsal and dorsal-caudal space but smaller in size. Ventral surface smooth except for narrow bands of denticles on the pectoral and pelvic fins.

Head somewhat diamond in shape dorsally, length about 0.2 times total length, greatest width occurring just anterior of first gill opening. Interspersed moderately rough tubercles above mouth and eye crests. Eyes almond-shaped, widely set, interorbital space (9.1; 8.8-9.5). Eye-spiracle space short. Interspiracle space (10.0; 9.7-10.3) slightly greater than interorbital space. Spiracles crescent shaped with large box-like papillae on inside anterior margin. Center of upper lip exposed forming a broad narrow arch, extends nearly one half the height of upper lip space, upper lip arch height (0.9; 0.8-1.1), upper lip arch width (4.7; 4.2-5.0). Labial furrows conspicuous, extending from corners of mouth medially. Upper furrows partially concealed with dermal skin lobes. Upper labial furrows about 1.2 times longer than lower labial furrows. Small nasal flaps protruding from dermal folds above mouth with two barbels protruding from each flap. Inner nasal barbel spatulate with inner basal portion containing little if any fringe. Outer nasal barbel narrow. Nostrils large and slightly protruding. Slight lobes present at corners of mouth extending ventrally. Mouth length about 0.2 times as long as mouth width. Dentition consisting of small, dagger-like teeth, conical without cusplets on a broad base, in 3 orderly longitudinal rows, no teeth at symphysis, teeth by row 10 - 10 / 10 - 10.

Pectoral fins large, somewhat rounded posteriorly, originating just behind gills. Anterior margin of pectoral fin, slightly curvilinear, about equal to pectoral fin length, extending to lateral apex. Angle of lateral apex slightly more obtuse than 90°. Margin from lateral apex to most posterior lobe straight to slightly concave. Posterior lobe moderately convex. Pectoral inner margin broadly convex.

Pelvic fins, originating anterior to pectoral posterior free tip, somewhat triangular with rounded fintips. Anterior margin, slightly convex, approximately 0.6 times as long as pelvic fin length, extends at roughly a 45° angle from trunk to broadly rounded lateral apex. Pelvic girdle width (33.1; 32.1-34.5) very broad. Posterior margin of pelvic fin straight to posterior free tips which do not reach origin of first dorsal. Pelvic inner margin straight to insertion of pelvic fin.

Dorsal fins lobe-like and about identical in size, with denticles extending over the whole of the fins. Interdorsal space about 0.9 times as long as dorsal caudal finspace. Anterior margins of dorsals convex, nearly equidistant. Dorsal bases nearly equal, first dorsal base (3.0; 2.8-3.2), second dorsal base (3.0; 2.7-3.2). Apex of dorsals lobed. Posterior margins slightly convex, about 0.6 times as long as anterior margins. Inner margins of dorsals slightly convex, approximately 0.4 times as long as anterior margins.

Caudal peduncle compressed dorso-ventrally with large lateral longitudinal ridges, tapering posteriorly.

Caudal fin angular throughout, especially dorsally. Caudal dorsal margin about 0.8 times as long as caudal preventral margin. Dorsal lobe somewhat triangular with rounded apex. Subterminal caudal fin margin present in all but one specimen, approximately 0.4 times as long as upper postventral caudal margin. Lower caudal postventral margin straight to slightly convex, about 0.9 times as long as upper caudal postventral margin.

Coloration. Dorsal surface of specimens prior to preservation light to dark brown throughout with a distinct freckled pattern of numerous square-shaped black spots. Spots slightly smaller on edges of trunk and fins, absent on dorsals above base and caudal outside of caudal vertebral column. Larger black splotches laterally at origins of dorsals. Ventral surface pale white with some black mottling, pectoral and pelvic fin ventral margins with denticles colored similar to dorsal. After preservation color tends to fade to a lighter brown, spotting pattern can also fade to blend in with overall color.

Distribution. Endemic to the WNP including the Sea of Japan, along the south eastern Japan coast, Yellow Sea, East China Sea, waters surrounding northern Taiwan, and the Taiwan Strait (Shuyuan, 1994; Randall & Lim, 2000; Compagno et al., 2005a).

Etymology. Naming is in allusion to where the holotype was described (Japan).

Remarks. Squatina japonica is the only WNP species in this study to possess mid-back thorns. Compagno, 1984 illustrates S. nebulosa as possessing midback thorns, but we did not observe these in any of the specimens we examined. Midback thorns are also not present on the holotypes of S. formosa or S. nebulosa , and photographs and illustrations of S. tergocellatoides specimens.

Literature descriptions (Lindberg & Legeza, 1967) indicate that interspiracle distance is greater than interorbital distance in S. japonica ; a finding consistent with our observations.

Material Examined. HUMZ 107395, immature female, off Shirahama, Shimoda City, Shizuoka prefecture , Japan , 27 Jan 1986 , caught with a bottom gill net at 30 m ; HUMZ 105913 immature male, off Itado, Shimoda, Shizuoka prefecture , Japan , 19 Nov 1985 , caught with a bottom gill net at 10m ; CAS 20955: immature male, Japan , Tokyo Market, collected by R/V Snyder and Sindo as part of the “Albatross 1906 cruise ; ” CAS 20956, immature male, Japan , Tokyo market, collected by R/V Snyder and Sindo as part of the “Albatross 1906 cruise.”

license
not applicable
bibliographic citation
Jonathan H. Walsh, 2007, A review of the systematics of western North Pacific angel sharks, genus Squatina, with redescriptions of Squatina formosa, S. japonica, and S. nebulosa (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)., Zootaxa, pp. 31-47, vol. 1551
author
Jonathan H. Walsh
original
visit source
partner site
Plazi (legacy text)

分布

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
朝鮮西南部,日本本州中部以南,中國黃海和東海沿海。
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
臺灣魚類資料庫
author
臺灣魚類資料庫

利用

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
魚肉可食,內臟可提鍊魚肝油,鰭富含膠質是做魚翅的好材料,主要漁法為底拖網,偶而可為定置網捕獲,經濟價值頗高,但產量不大。無明顯之漁期,全年可產。
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
臺灣魚類資料庫
author
臺灣魚類資料庫

描述

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
體寬扁延長。頭寬扁,頭長比頭寬小許多,約為全長的1/5長。頭側具薄膜突起;尾頗寬,向後漸狹,尾柄具一皮褶,深達尾基後方,尾長比頭和軀幹稍大。吻寬短,廣圓,稍突出於下頷前方,前緣中部凹入,腹面在上頷上方,具一深溝。眼卵圓形,上位,無瞬膜,眼睛間隔比噴水孔間隔為小。裡鼻瓣具兩個,平扁鬚狀突起,在外側較寬大,邊緣薄膜狀,細裂,在裡側者狹小。口幾端位,淺弧形,口寬比噴水孔外側間的距離稍大。牙上下頷同行,基底寬大,齒頭狹尖,邊緣光滑,三行在使用,上下頷每側每行9-10牙。噴水孔與眼的距離與眼徑相等(幼體),或比眼徑大1.5倍餘(成體)。頭上在噴水孔中間區域,具圓形黏液孔一對。背鰭兩個,幾同形同大,外緣斜直,上角圓形,後緣平直或圓凸,下角圓鈍,內緣分明;第一背鰭起點具腹鰭基底後端,比距第二背鰭起點稍近或相等;第二背鰭起點距第一背鰭基底比第二背鰭外緣長為小(幼體),約相等或為大(成體)。背面正中線上至頭緣的邊區,具許多鈎刺,刺頭向後或向裡,在腹鰭前緣邊區,具較小鈎刺,刺頭向後。體銹褐色,隱具暗色和白色斑點;胸鰭上下方背鰭基點和尾鰭基部無大黑斑。腹面除鱗片部分淡黃色外,於金白色。(陳柔蓉、林沛立2012/11編寫)
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
臺灣魚類資料庫
author
臺灣魚類資料庫

棲地

provided by The Fish Database of Taiwan
棲息於大陸棚近底層,活動深度可達400公尺深,屬於分布緯度較高的種類。
license
cc-by-nc
copyright
臺灣魚類資料庫
author
臺灣魚類資料庫

Japanischer Engelhai ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Der Japanische Engelhai (Squatina japonica) ist ein bodenbewohnender Hai, der im Pazifik im Küstenbereich von Japan, China und Taiwan vorkommt. Mit einer Maximallänge von bis zu zwei Metern ist er der größte Engelhai, über seine Lebensweise liegen allerdings kaum Daten vor.

Aussehen und Merkmale

Der Japanische Engelhai erreicht eine maximale Körperlänge von bis zu 200 cm. Wie bei anderen Engelhaien ist der Rumpf stark abgeflacht mit sehr breiten Brustflossen, wodurch die Tiere in der Gestalt eher wie lange Rochen wirken. Die Brustflossen sind jedoch deutlich vom Rumpf abgesetzt, während sie bei den meisten Rochen ansatzlos in den Körper übergehen. Sie haben zwei Rückenflossen und besitzen keine Afterflosse. Der Körper hat eine rost- bis schwarz-braune Rückenfarbe mit dicht gestreuten kleinen schwarzen und wenigen hellen Flecken. Hinter dem Kopf bis zum Ansatz der Bauchflossen befinden sich zudem größere und paarig angelegt dunkelrotbraune Flecken. Die Unterseite ist weiß mit dunkler Umrandung der Flossen und des Schwanzes. Auf dem Schnauzenbereich und in anderen Kopfbereichen befinden sich leicht vergrößerte Dornen, die Gesamtoberfläche ist durch Dentikel rau, außerdem befinden sich auch auf dem Rücken Dornen in einer Reihe an der Mittellinie.

Die Augen liegen auf der Kopfoberseite mit einer konkaven Fläche zwischen den Augen, das Maul ist endständig, die äußeren Nasenöffnungen sind mit kurzen Barteln versehen. Die Spritzlöcher sind groß. Die Anzahl der seitlich, unten liegenden Kiemenöffnungen beträgt fünf. Die Nasenklappen und die Barteln sind nur leicht gefranst oder glatt gerandet.

Verbreitung

 src=
Verbreitung des Japanischen Engelhais

Das Verbreitungsgebiet des Japanischen Engelhais befindet sich im Küstenbereich des Pazifik im Bereich von Japan, China und Taiwan bis in eine Tiefe von 300 Metern.

Lebensweise

Über die Lebensweise des Japanischen Engelhais liegen nur wenige Daten vor. Wie andere Engelhai ernährt er sich wahrscheinlich vor allem von kleinen Knochenfischen, Weichtieren und Krebsen, die er als Lauerjäger auf dem Boden liegend erbeutet. Wie alle Engelhaie ist er ovovivipar – die Eier werden im Muttertier ausgebrütet, bevor die Jungtiere lebend geboren werden.

Gefährdung

Die International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) stuft diesen Hai als gefährdet („Vulnerable“) ein.[1] Der Hai wird nicht gezielt befischt, jedoch vor allem als Beifang in der Boden- und Schleppnetzfischerei gefangen, die in seinem gesamten Verbreitungsgebiet durchgeführt wird; einzelne Individuen wurden auf Fischmärkten im nördlichen Taiwan, in China und in Japan nachgewiesen. Die Einordnung als gefährdete Art erfolgte trotz der geringen Kenntnisse zur Art durch den Vergleich mit anderen Engelhaien, bei denen Populationsrückgänge von mehr als 80 % für Gebiete mit hohem Fischereidruck nachgewiesen wurden.[1]

Belege

  1. a b Squatina japonica in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2010. Eingestellt von: Walsh, J.H. & Ebert, D.A., 2008. Abgerufen am 18. Dezember 2010.

Literatur

Weblinks

 src=
– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Japanischer Engelhai: Brief Summary ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Der Japanische Engelhai (Squatina japonica) ist ein bodenbewohnender Hai, der im Pazifik im Küstenbereich von Japan, China und Taiwan vorkommt. Mit einer Maximallänge von bis zu zwei Metern ist er der größte Engelhai, über seine Lebensweise liegen allerdings kaum Daten vor.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autoren und Herausgeber von Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia DE

Japanese angelshark

provided by wikipedia EN

The Japanese angelshark (Squatina japonica) is a species of angelshark, family Squatinidae, found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean off China, Japan, and Korea. It is a bottom-dwelling shark found in sandy habitats down to 300 m (980 ft) deep. This species has the flattened shape with wing-like pectoral and pelvic fins typical of its family, and grows to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) or more in length. Its two dorsal fins are placed behind the pelvic fins, and a row of large thorns occurs along its dorsal midline. Its upper surface is cryptically patterned, with numerous squarish dark spots on a brown background.

Feeding on fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans, the Japanese angelshark is a nocturnal ambush predator that spends most of the day lying still on the sea floor. This species gives birth to live young, which are sustained during gestation by yolk. The litter size varies from two to 10. The Japanese angelshark is not dangerous to humans unless provoked. It is fished in large numbers and used for meat and shagreen, a type of leather.

Taxonomy and phylogeny

The Japanese angelshark was described by Dutch ichthyologist Pieter Bleeker in an 1858 volume of the scientific journal Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae. The type specimen is a male 53 cm (21 in) long, collected off Nagasaki, Japan, hence the specific epithet japonica.[2][3] Other common names for this species include change angel shark, change canopy shark, Japanese angelfish, and Japanese monkfish.[4]

Using mitochondrial DNA, a 2010 phylogenetic analysis reported that the Japanese angelshark forms a clade with the other Asian angelsharks included in the study: the ocellated angelshark (S. tergocellatoides) and the sister species pair of the Taiwan angelshark (S. formosa) and the Indonesian angelshark (S. legnota). These Asian species are, in turn, allied with European and North African angel shark species. Molecular clock estimation suggested the Japanese angelshark lineage diverged from the rest of the Asian angelsharks some 100 million years ago during the Cretaceous.[5]

Description

The dorsal fins of the Japanese angelshark are located behind the rear tips of the pelvic fins.

The Japanese angelshark is fairly narrow-bodied and has greatly enlarged pectoral and pelvic fins. The skin folds along the sides of the head lack distinct lobes. The eyes are oval and widely spaced; closely behind are crescent-shaped spiracles with large, boxy projections inside their anterior rims. Each nostril is large and preceded by a small flap of skin bearing two barbels; the outer barbel is thin, while the inner barbel has a spoon-like tip and a smooth to slightly fringed flange at the base. The wide mouth is terminally placed and has furrows at the corners. There are 10 tooth rows on either side of both jaws, separated by a gap in the middle; the teeth are small, narrow, and pointed. There are five pairs of gill slits located on the sides of the head.[3][6]

The frontmost portion of each pectoral fin forms a triangular lobe separate from the head. The outer corners of the pectoral fins are angular, and their rear tips are rounded. The pelvic fins have convex margins. The two angular dorsal fins are similar in shape and size, and are located behind the pelvic fins. The caudal peduncle is flattened with a keel running along either side, and supports a roughly triangular caudal fin with rounded corners. The lower lobe of the caudal fin is larger than the upper. The dorsal surface is covered by medium-sized dermal denticles, and a distinctive row of large thorns is present along the midline of the back and tail. This species is light to dark brown above with a dense covering of squarish dark spots, which become finer on the fins. The underside is white with darker mottling.[3][6] Various sources give differing maximum lengths, ranging from 1.5 to 2.5 m (4.9 to 8.2 ft).[1][7]

Distribution and habitat

The Japanese angelshark is native to the cooler waters of the northwestern Pacific; its range extends from the eastern coast of Honshu, Japan, to Taiwan, and includes the southern Sea of Japan, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, and the Taiwan Strait.[6] Some older sources reported it may occur in the Philippines, but recent research suggests the only angel shark species in that area is S. caillieti.[3][8] The Japanese angelshark inhabits the continental shelf, usually in the shallows, but also to as deep as 300 m (980 ft). It is a bottom-dweller found over sandy bottoms, often close to rocky reefs.[1][7]

Biology and ecology

The Japanese angelshark generally lies motionless and buried in daytime.

During the day, the Japanese angelshark mostly lies partly buried on the bottom; its complex color pattern provides camouflage as it ambushes nearby prey. At night, this species becomes more active. Its diet consists of demersal fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans. It may be found alone or in proximity to others of its species.[9] Parasites documented from this species include the tapeworms Phyliobothrium marginatum and Tylocephalum squatinae,[10] the copepods Eudactylina squatini[11] and Trebius shiinoi,[12] and the praniza larvae of the isopod Gnathia trimaculata.[13] The Japanese angelshark is viviparous, and as in other members of its family the developing embryos are nourished by yolk. Litters of two to ten pups are birthed in spring and summer, with the newborns measuring 22 cm (8.7 in) long. Females mature sexually at 80 cm (31 in) long, while male maturation size is unknown.[1]

Human interactions

The Japanese angelshark is typically inoffensive towards humans, but if disturbed, can inflict a severe bite. Across much of its range, it is a frequent catch (intentional or not) in bottom trawls and probably also set nets and demersal gillnets; the meat is eaten and the rough skin is made into a type of leather called shagreen for use in wood finishing.[1][3]

Angel sharks in general are highly threatened by commercial trawl fisheries due to their susceptibility to capture and low rate of reproduction, and angel shark species elsewhere are known to have declined markedly under fishing pressure. Trawling activity in the Yellow Sea and other parts of the northwestern Pacific is intense and, coupled with pollution, has had a serious impact on the local ecosystem. The Japanese angelshark population is suspected to have declined by up to 50% or more under these conditions, leading the species to be assessed as critically endangered by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It may benefit from a ban on trawling imposed in some areas by the Chinese government, though enforcement is inconsistent.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Walls, R.H.L.; Rigby, C.L.; Derrick, D.; Dyldin, Y.V.; Ebert, D.A.; Herman, K.; Ishihara, H.; Jeong, C.-H.; Semba, Y.; Tanaka, S.; Volvenko, I.V.; Yamaguchi, A. (2021). "Squatina japonica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2021: e.T161558A134194013. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2021-1.RLTS.T161558A134194013.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
  2. ^ Bleeker, P. (1858). "Vierde bijdrage tot de kennis der icthyologische fauna van Japan". Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae. 3 (art. 10): 1–46.
  3. ^ a b c d e Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-92-5-101384-7.
  4. ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D., eds. (2011). "Squatina japonica, Japanese angelshark". FishBase. Retrieved June 16, 2013.
  5. ^ Stelbrink, B.; von Rintelen, T.; Cliff, G.; Kriwet, J. (2010). "Molecular systematics and global phylogeography of angel sharks (genus Squatina)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 54 (2): 395–404. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.029. PMID 19647086.
  6. ^ a b c Walsh, J.H.; Ebert, D.A. (2007). "A review of the systematics of western North Pacific angel sharks, genus Squatina, with redescriptions of Squatina formosa, S. japonica, and S. nebulosa (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)". Zootaxa. 1551: 31–47. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1551.1.2.
  7. ^ a b Michael, S.W. (1993). Reef Sharks & Rays of the World. Sea Challengers. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-930118-18-1.
  8. ^ Walsh, J.H.; D.A. Ebert & L.J.V. Compagno (2011). "Squatina caillieti sp. nov., a new species of angel shark (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae) from the Philippine Islands". Zootaxa. 2759: 49–59. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.2759.1.2.
  9. ^ Ferrari, A.; Ferrari, A. (2002). Sharks. Firefly Books. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-55209-629-1.
  10. ^ Yamaguti, S. (1934). "Studies on the Helminth fauna of Japan. Part 4. Cestodes of fishes". Japanese Journal of Zoology. 6: 1–112.
  11. ^ Izawa, K. (2011). "Five new species of Eudactylina Van Beneden, 1853 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Eudactylinidae) parasitic on Japanese elasmobranchs". Crustaceana. 84 (12–13): 1605–1634. doi:10.1163/156854011x605792.
  12. ^ Nagasawa, K.; Tanaka, S.; Benz, G.W. (1998). "Trebius shiinoi n. sp. (Trebiidae: Siphonostomatoida: Copepoda) from uteri and embryos of the Japanese angelshark (Squatina japonica) and the clouded angelshark (Squatina nebulosa), and redescription of Trebius longicaudatus". Journal of Parasitology. 84 (6): 1218–1230. doi:10.2307/3284678. JSTOR 3284678. PMID 9920318.
  13. ^ Ota, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hirose, M.; Tanaka, K.; Hirose, E. (2012). "Third-stage larva shifts host fish from teleost to elasmobranch in the temporary parasitic isopod, Gnathia trimaculata (Crustacea; Gnathiidae)". Marine Biology. 159 (10): 2333–2347. doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2018-2. S2CID 253745118.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Japanese angelshark: Brief Summary

provided by wikipedia EN

The Japanese angelshark (Squatina japonica) is a species of angelshark, family Squatinidae, found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean off China, Japan, and Korea. It is a bottom-dwelling shark found in sandy habitats down to 300 m (980 ft) deep. This species has the flattened shape with wing-like pectoral and pelvic fins typical of its family, and grows to 1.5 m (4.9 ft) or more in length. Its two dorsal fins are placed behind the pelvic fins, and a row of large thorns occurs along its dorsal midline. Its upper surface is cryptically patterned, with numerous squarish dark spots on a brown background.

Feeding on fishes, cephalopods, and crustaceans, the Japanese angelshark is a nocturnal ambush predator that spends most of the day lying still on the sea floor. This species gives birth to live young, which are sustained during gestation by yolk. The litter size varies from two to 10. The Japanese angelshark is not dangerous to humans unless provoked. It is fished in large numbers and used for meat and shagreen, a type of leather.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia authors and editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EN

Squatina japonica ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

El angelote japonés (Squatina japonica) es una especie de elasmobranquio escuatiniforme de la familia Squatinidae.[1]

Véase también

Referencias

  1. FishBase (en inglés)

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Squatina japonica: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

El angelote japonés (Squatina japonica) es una especie de elasmobranquio escuatiniforme de la familia Squatinidae.​

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autores y editores de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia ES

Squatina japonica ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Squatina japonica Squatina generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Squatinidae familian sailkatzen da.

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Squatina japonica FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Kanpo estekak

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Squatina japonica: Brief Summary ( Basque )

provided by wikipedia EU

Squatina japonica Squatina generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Squatinidae familian sailkatzen da.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipediako egileak eta editoreak
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia EU

Squatina japonica ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Squatina japonica est une espèce de requins de la famille des Squatinidae.

Distribution

Cette espèce se rencontre dans le Nord-Ouest du Pacifique : zones côtières du Japon, de la Corée, nord de la Chine, Mer Jaune[1].

Voir aussi

Notes et références

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Squatina japonica: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Squatina japonica est une espèce de requins de la famille des Squatinidae.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Auteurs et éditeurs de Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia FR

Squatina japonica ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Lo Squatina japonica Bleeker, 1858, appartiene al genere Squatina ed alla famiglia Squatinidae.

Areale

Vive nell'Oceano Pacifico Occidentale tra il 41°N ed il 19°N di latitudine. Più precisamente abita le acque del Giappone, del Mar Giallo, della Corea, della Cina Settentrionale e delle Filippine[2].

Habitat

 src=
Questi squali prediligono i fondali sabbiosi.

Preferiscono vivere vicino ai fondali sabbiosi[2].

Aspetto

Le dimensioni massime registrate sono di 2 metri[2]. La specie è riconoscibile per alcune caratteristiche peculiari: pinne pettorali molto ampie separate da un secondo paio posto posteriormente, alette davanti alle radici lisce o poco ondulate, barbiglio semplice e spatolato. Presenta inoltre pieghe dermali ai lati della testa senza lobi. La punta più arretrata delle pinne pelviche è comunque molto avanzata rispetto alla prima pinna dorsale. Vi è una coda ipocerca molto corta. Ci sono inoltre più file di spine abbastanza grandi su tutto il dorso dalla testa alla prima dorsale, tra le due dorsali, sul muso e al di sopra degli occhi. Il corpo è marrone nerastro, con piccoli puntini biancastri. Non vi sono ocelli[2][3][4].

Conservazione

La specie è considerata molto vulnerabile[5].

Riproduzione

Si tratta di una specie ovovivipara[6].

Alimentazione

Si nutrono principalmente di animali bentici, cioè chevivono sul fondale[7].

Interazioni con l'uomo

Vengono catturati per l'alimentazione umana e per la produzione di pelle shagreen[2].

Reperti museali in Italia

Un interessante squalo ascritto a questa specie è esposto alla galleria nazionale dei Selachoidei di Avellino (si tratta di un giovane esemplare tassidermizzato).

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Squatina japonica, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
  2. ^ a b c d e Compagno, L.J.V. 1984 FAO species catalogue. Vol. 4. Sharks of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of shark species known to date. Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(4/1):1-249.
  3. ^ Compagno, L.J.V. and V.H. Niem 1998 Squatinidae. Angelsharks, sand devils. p. 1235-1238. In: K.E. Carpenter and V.H. Niem (eds.) FAO Identification Guide for Fishery Purposes. The Living Marine Resources of the Western Central Pacific. FAO, Rome.
  4. ^ Michael, S.W. 1993 Reef sharks and rays of the world. A guide to their identification, behavior, and ecology. Sea Challengers, Monterey, California. 107 p.
  5. ^ Cheung, W.W.L., T.J. Pitcher and D. Pauly 2005 A fuzzy logic expert system to estimate intrinsic extinction vulnerabilities of marine fishes to fishing Biol. Conserv. 124:97-111.
  6. ^ Dulvy, N.K. and J.D. Reynolds 1997 Evolutionary transitions among egg-laying, live-bearing and maternal inputs in sharks and rays. Proc. R. Soc. Lond., Ser. B: Biol. Sci. 264:1309-1315.
  7. ^ Masuda, H. and G.R. Allen 1993 Meeresfische der Welt - Groß-Indopazifische Region. Tetra Verlag, Herrenteich, Melle. 528 p.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) Squatina japonica, su FishBase. URL consultato il 02-05-2009.
  • Compagno, Dando, & Fowler, Sharks of the World, Princeton University Press, New Jersey 2005 ISBN 0-691-12072-2
  • Walsh, JH and DA Ebert. 2007. A review of the systematics of western North Pacific angel sharks, genus Squatina, with redescriptions of Squatina formosa, S. japonica, and S. nebulosa(Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes, Squatinidae). Zootaxa 1551: 31-47.

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Squatina japonica: Brief Summary ( Italian )

provided by wikipedia IT

Lo Squatina japonica Bleeker, 1858, appartiene al genere Squatina ed alla famiglia Squatinidae.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Autori e redattori di Wikipedia
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia IT

Japanse zee-engel ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

De Japanse zee-engel (Squatina japonica) is een vis uit de familie van zee-engelen (Squatinidae) en behoort tot de superorde van haaien. Deze haai kan een lengte bereiken van 2 meter.

Leefomgeving

De Japanse zee-engel is een zoutwatervis. De vis leeft hoofdzakelijk in het noordwestelijk deel van de Grote Oceaan bij Japan, in de Gele Zee bij Korea en de kust van Noord-China. De haai komt voor tot op een diepte van 300 m.

Relatie tot de mens

De Japanse zee-engel is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. Zoals alle zee-engelen is deze soort zeer kwetsbaar bij intensieve visserij die plaatsvindt in het gebied waarin deze soort voorkomt. Er zijn daar nu beperkende maatregelen van kracht, maar het is nog zeer de vraag of deze een positief effect hebben op deze soort. De soort staat als kwetsbaar op de Rode Lijst van de IUCN.[1][2]

Voetnoten

  1. a b (en) Japanse zee-engel op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  2. Walsh, J.H. & Ebert, D.A. 2008. Squatina japonica. In: IUCN 2009. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2009.2. . Downloaded on 28 February 2010.

Externe links

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Japanse zee-engel: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

provided by wikipedia NL

De Japanse zee-engel (Squatina japonica) is een vis uit de familie van zee-engelen (Squatinidae) en behoort tot de superorde van haaien. Deze haai kan een lengte bereiken van 2 meter.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia-auteurs en -editors
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia NL

Акула-янгол японська ( Ukrainian )

provided by wikipedia UK

Опис

Загальна довжина досягає 2-2,5 м, зазвичай — 1,5-1,65 м. Голова масивна. Морда округле, дещо затуплене. Рот широкий, знаходиться у передній частині голови. На кожній щелепі розташовано по 20 рядків зубів. Зуби маленькі, вузькі. У неї 5 пар зябрових щілин. Тулуб сплощений. В середній частині спини (від голови до хвоста), між плавцями, на плавцях, на морді й під очима розташовані великі шипи. Грудні плавці великі, що не повністю приєднані до голови та прикривають зяброві щілини. Має 2 спинних плавця однакового розміру. Анальний плавець відсутній.

Забарвлення чорно-буре з темними плямочками і блідими світлими плямами. Черево білого кольору.

Спосіб життя

Тримається на глибинах до 300 м, звичайно до 100 м, на континентальному шельфі та острівному схилі. Воліє до скелястих, кам'янистих та рифових ділянок дна з піщаним, мулистим або мулисто-піщаним ґрунтами з рясною водяною рослинністю. Це одинак. Вдень лежить на дні, зариваючись у пісок або мул. Вночі підіймається до поверхні. Полює цілодобово біля дна, є бентофагом. Живиться ракоподібними, камбалами, бичками, кальмарами, каракатицями, морськими їжаками.

Статева зрілість у самиць настає при розмірі 80 см. Це яйцеживородна акула. Вагітність триває 10 місяців. Породілля відбувається навесні і влітку. Самиця народжує від 2 до 10 акуленят завдовжки 22 см.

Є потенційно небезпечною для людини.

Розповсюдження

Мешкає в Японському морі: біля узбережжя Корейського півострова, Японії, Приморського краю і південних Курильських островів (Росія), у Жовтому морі: біля узбережжя північно-західного Китаю, Тайваню, островів Рюкю.

Джерела

  • Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-92-5-101384-7.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Автори та редактори Вікіпедії
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia UK

Cá mập thiên thần Nhật Bản ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá mập thiên thần Nhật Bản, tên khoa học Squatina japonica, là một loài cá mập trong chi Squatina, chi duy nhất còn sinh tồn trong họ và bộ của nó. Loài này được Bleeker miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1858.[2]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

Tham khảo

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Squatina japonica
  • Bleeker, P. (1858). “Vierde bijdrage tot de kennis der icthyologische fauna van Japan”. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae 3 (art. 10): 1–46.
  • Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. tr. 147–148. ISBN 978-92-5-101384-7.
  • Ferrari, A.; Ferrari, A. (2002). Sharks. Firefly Books. tr. 100. ISBN 978-1-55209-629-1.
  • Froese, R.; Pauly, D. biên tập (2011). Squatina japonica, Japanese angelshark”. FishBase. Truy cập ngày 16 tháng 6 năm 2013.
  • Walsh, J.H.; Ebert, D.A. (2009). Squatina japonica. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2012.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế.
  • Izawa, K. (2011). “Five new species of Eudactylina Van Beneden, 1853 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Eudactylinidae) parasitic on Japanese elasmobranchs”. Crustaceana 84 (12–13): 1605–1634. doi:10.1163/156854011x605792.
  • Michael, S.W. (1993). Reef Sharks & Rays of the World. Sea Challengers. tr. 36. ISBN 978-0-930118-18-1.
  • Nagasawa, K.; Tanaka, S.; Benz, G.W. (1998). “Trebius shiinoi n. sp. (Trebiidae: Siphonostomatoida: Copepoda) from uteri and embryos of the Japanese angelshark (Squatina japonica) and the clouded angelshark (Squatina nebulosa), and redescription of Trebius longicaudatus”. Journal of Parasitology 84 (6): 1218–1230. PMID 9920318. doi:10.2307/3284678.
  • Ota, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hirose, M.; Tanaka, K.; Hirose, E. (2012). “Third-stage larva shifts host fish from teleost to elasmobranch in the temporary parasitic isopod, Gnathia trimaculata (Crustacea; Gnathiidae)”. Marine Biology 159 (10): 2333–2347. doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2018-2.
  • Stelbrink, B.; von Rintelen, T.; Cliff, G.; Kriwet, J. (2010). “Molecular systematics and global phylogeography of angel sharks (genus Squatina)”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 (2): 395–404. PMID 19647086. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.029.
  • Walsh, J.H.; Ebert, D.A. (2007). “A review of the systematics of western North Pacific angel sharks, genus Squatina, with redescriptions of Squatina formosa, S. japonica, and S. nebulosa (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)”. Zootaxa 1551: 31–47.
  • Walsh, J.H., D.A. Ebert and L.J.V. Compagno (2011). “Squatina caillieti sp. nov., a new species of angel shark (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae) from the Philippine Islands”. Zootaxa 2759: 49–59.
  • Yamaguti, S. (1934). “Studies on the Helminth fauna of Japan. Part 4. Cestodes of fishes”. Japanese Journal of Zoology 6: 1–112.
  • Leonard Compagno, Marc Dando, Sarah Fowler: Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press, Princeton und Oxford 2005, S. 143-144. ISBN 978-0-691-12072-0

Liên kết ngoài


Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về Cá sụn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI

Cá mập thiên thần Nhật Bản: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá mập thiên thần Nhật Bản, tên khoa học Squatina japonica, là một loài cá mập trong chi Squatina, chi duy nhất còn sinh tồn trong họ và bộ của nó. Loài này được Bleeker miêu tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1858.

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia tác giả và biên tập viên
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia VI

Японский морской ангел ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Squatina japonica3.jpg

Биология

Днём японские скватины предпочитают лежать на дне наполовину зарывшись в грунт. Их пёстрая окраска прекрасно маскирует их, позволяя им подкарауливать добычу из засады. Ночью они становятся более активными. Их рацион состоит из придонных костистых рыб, головоногих и ракообразных. Японские скватины встречаются как по одиночке, так и группами[10]. На этих акулах паразитируют ленточные черви Phyliobothrium marginatum и Tylocephalum squatinae[11], веслоногие рачки Eudactylina squatini[12] и Trebius shiinoi[13].

Эти акулы размножаются яйцеживорождением. В помёте от 2 до 10 новорожденных длиной 22 см. Роды происходят весной и летом. Самки достигают половой зрелости при длине 80 см[8].

Взаимодействие с человеком

Как правило, японские акватины неопасны для человека. Однако если их потревожить, они могут сильно укусить. Эти акулы часто попадаются как при целевом промысле, так и в качестве прилова в донные тралы и ставные неводы и донные жаберные сети. Мясо используют в пищу, а из шкуры делают шагрень для полировки дерева.

В целом у скватин медленный цикл воспроизводства, при этом они представляют собой лёгкую добычу, поэтому они чувствительны к перелову. В северо-западной части Тихого океана, особенно в Жёлтом море, ведётся интенсивный траловый промысел, вкупе с загрязнением окружающей среды он наносит серьезный ущерб местной экосистеме. Численность популяции японских скватин сократилась на 50 % и даже более. Международный союз охраны природы присвоил этому виду статус «Уязвимый»[8].

Ссылки


Примечания

  1. Губанов Е. П., Кондюрин В. В., Мягков Н. А. Акулы Мирового океана: Справочник-определитель. — М.: Агропромиздат, 1986. — С. 220. — 272 с.
  2. 1 2 Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 38. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Compagno, Leonard J.V. 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes // FAO species catalogue. — Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 1984. — Vol. 4. Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. — P. 147–148. — ISBN 92-5-101384-5.
  4. Bleeker, P. (1858) Vierde bijdrage tot de kennis der ichthyologische fauna van Japan. Acta Societatis Regiae Scientiarum Indo-Neêrlandicae, 3: 1-46
  5. Stelbrink, B.; von Rintelen, T.; Cliff, G.; Kriwet, J. Molecular systematics and global phylogeography of angel sharks (genus Squatina) // Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. — 2010. — Вып. 54. — № (2). — С. 395—404. — DOI:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.029. — PMID 19647086.
  6. 1 2 Walsh, J.H.; Ebert, D.A. A review of the systematics of western North Pacific angel sharks, genus Squatina, with redescriptions of Squatina formosa, S. japonica, and S. nebulosa (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes, Squatinidae) // Zootaxa. — 2007. — Вып. 1551. — С. 31—47.
  7. Walsh, J.H., D.A. Ebert and L.J.V. Compagno. Squatina caillieti sp. nov., a new species of angel shark (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae) from the Philippine Islands // Zootaxa. — 2011. — Вып. 2759. — С. 49—59.
  8. 1 2 3 4 Walsh, J.H. & Ebert, D.A. 2009. Squatina japonica. In: IUCN 2013. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.2. . Downloaded on 13 February 2014
  9. Michael, S.W. Reef Sharks & Rays of the World. Sea Challengers.. — 1993. — С. 36. — ISBN 0-930118-18-9..
  10. Ferrari, A. и A. Ferrari. Sharks. — . Firefly Books, 2002. — С. 100. — ISBN 1—55209—629—7.
  11. Yamaguti, S. (1934). Studies on the Helminth fauna of Japan. Part 4. Cestodes of fishes. Japanese Journal of Zoology 6: 1-112.
  12. Izawa, K. Five new species of Eudactylina Van Beneden, 1853 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Eudactylinidae) parasitic on Japanese elasmobranchs // Crustaceana. — 2011. — Вып. 84. — № (12—13). — С. 1605—1635. — DOI:10.1163/156854011x605792.
  13. Nagasawa, K.; Tanaka, S.; Benz, G.W. Trebius shiinoi n. sp. (Trebiidae: Siphonostomatoida: Copepoda) from uteri and embryos of the Japanese angelshark (Squatina japonica) and the clouded angelshark (Squatina nebulosa), and redescription of Trebius longicaudatus // Journal of Parasitology. — 1998. — Вып. 84. — № (6). — С. 1218—1230. — DOI:10.2307/3284678. — PMID 9920318.
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

Японский морской ангел: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
Squatina japonica3.jpg
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Авторы и редакторы Википедии

日本扁鲨 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Squatina japonica
(Bleeker, 1858)[1] Squatina japonica distmap.png

日本扁鲨学名Squatina japonica)为扁鲨科扁鲨属鱼类

特征

身体宽扁,长达2米余;锈褐色,具有暗色和白色斑点;口大端位;鳃孔宽大侧位;胸鳍宽大,臀鳍消失。

分布

分布于朝鲜西南部、日本本州中部以南以及黄海和东海沿海等。该物种的模式产地在日本。[1]

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 中国科学院动物研究所. 日本扁鲨. 《中国动物物种编目数据库》. 中国科学院微生物研究所. [2009-04-11]. (原始内容存档于2016-03-05).
 src= 维基物种中的分类信息:日本扁鲨 小作品圖示这是一篇與鲨鱼相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

日本扁鲨: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

日本扁鲨(学名:Squatina japonica)为扁鲨科扁鲨属鱼类

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
维基百科作者和编辑

カスザメ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
カスザメ Squatina japonica2.jpg 保全状況評価[1] VULNERABLE
(IUCN Red List Ver.3.1 (2001))
Status iucn3.1 VU.svg 分類 : 動物界 Animalia : 脊索動物門 Chordata : 軟骨魚綱 Chondrichthyes : カスザメ目 Squatiniformes : カスザメ科 Squatinidae : カスザメ属 Squatina : カスザメ S. japonica 学名 Squatina japonica Bleeker, 1858 英名 Japanese angelshark
change angel shark
change canopy shark
Japanese angelfish
Japanese monkfish[2] Squatina japonica distmap.png
分布[1]

カスザメ Squatina japonicaカスザメ属に属するサメの一種。北西太平洋の300m以浅の砂底で見られる。体はエイのように平たく、全長1.5m以上になる。2基の背鰭が腹鰭より後方に位置すること、大きな棘の列が背面の正中線上にあること、胸鰭の先端の角度が小さいことで近縁のコロザメと区別できる。背面には四角形の暗色の斑点が散らばり保護色となっている。

餌は魚類無脊椎動物夜行性待ち伏せ型捕食者である。胎生で2-10匹の仔魚を産む。刺激されなければ人には危害を加えない。肉や鮫皮が利用される。IUCN保全状況危急種としている。

分類[編集]

1858年、ドイツの魚類学者ピーター・ブリーカーによって科学誌 Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae において記載された。タイプ標本は53cmの雄で、長崎県沖で捕獲されたものである。種小名 japonica も日本に分布することに由来する[3][4]

2010年のmtDNAを用いた分子系統解析では、本種はタイワンコロザメなど他のアジア産カスザメ類と近縁であるという結果が得られた。本種はその中でも比較的早く分岐した種であり、分子時計では、本種はおよそ1億年前(白亜紀)に他のカスザメ類から分岐したことが示された[5]

形態[編集]

 src=
第一背鰭が腹鰭の先端より後方に位置することで、近縁のコロザメと区別できる。

体は細く、胸鰭腹鰭は大きく広がる。頭部側面の皮褶は葉状にはならない。眼は楕円形で、間隔は広い。その直後には三日月型の噴水孔があり、噴水孔の内部前縁には大きな箱型の突出部がある。鼻孔は大きく、小さな鼻褶があり、2対の髭が付属する。外側の髭は細いが、内側の髭は先端が匙状となり、その基部はわずかに房状となる。口は頭部末端に位置して幅広く、唇褶がある。歯列は上下ともに片側10ずつで、中央には隙間がある。各歯は小さく、細くて尖る。頭部側面には5対の鰓裂がある[4][6]

胸鰭の前端は頭部から遊離し、三角形の葉状になる。先端は角張り、後端は丸みを帯びる。腹鰭の縁は凸状になる。2基の背鰭は尖り、大きさ・形は概ね同じである。腹鰭の先端より後方に位置する。尾柄は平たく、側面には隆起線が走る。尾鰭は大まかに三角形で、角は丸い。下葉は上葉より大きい。背面は中程度の大きさの皮歯に覆われ、頭部から尾までの正中線上には大きな棘の列が走る。背面は明褐色から暗褐色で、四角形の暗色の斑点が密に存在する。この斑点は鰭上では細かくなる。腹面は白く、黒斑がある[4][6]。最大全長は資料によって異なるが、1.5-2.5mの範囲である[1][7]

分布[編集]

北西太平洋の比較的寒冷な海域に分布し、本州東岸から台湾日本海南部・黄海東シナ海台湾海峡で見られる[6]。古い資料ではフィリピンに分布するとしているものもあるが、これは別種の Squatina caillieti だと考えられている[4][8]大陸棚上の浅海から水深300m程度まで生息する。底生で、岩礁近くの砂底でよく見られる[1][7]

生態[編集]

 src=
日中は底質内で動かない。

他のカスザメ類と同様、待ち伏せ型捕食者で、日中は底質に埋もれて過ごすが夜間は活動的になる。体色は保護色となる。餌は底生魚頭足類甲殻類など。単独か、同種個体と近接して見られる[9]寄生虫として、条虫Phyliobothrium marginatumTylocephalum squatinae[10]カイアシ類Eudactylina squatini[11]Trebius shiinoi[12]ウミクワガタ類の Gnathia trimaculataプラニザ幼生[13]が知られている。胎生で、近縁種同様に受精卵卵黄によって成長する。産仔数は2-10で、出産は春から夏。出生時は22cm程度。雌は80cmで性成熟するが、雄については不明である[1]

人との関わり[編集]

他のカスザメ類と同様、攻撃的ではないが、刺激されると噛み付き裂傷を負わせることがある。分布域の大部分で底引き網によって捕獲されるが、おそらく定置網刺し網なども用いられている[1][4]。肉は食用に、皮は鮫皮として、おろし金や刀剣の鞘としても用いられる[14]

捕獲されやすく繁殖力が低いため、商業漁業による漁獲圧に弱い。黄海やその近海で行われる底引き網は、水質汚染と合わせて地域の生態系に重大な影響を与えている。個体数はこの状況のもとで50%以上減少していると見られ、IUCN保全状況危急種と評価している。中国政府が課している一部地域での底引き網漁の禁止は、本種の個体数によい影響を与えているかもしれない[1]

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Walsh, J.H.; Ebert, D.A. ("Squatina japonica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature. Check date values in: |date= (help)CS1 maint: Uses authors parameter
  2. ^ Squatina japonica, Japanese angelshark”. FishBase (2013年6月16日閲覧。
  3. ^ Bleeker, P. (1858). “Vierde bijdrage tot de kennis der icthyologische fauna van Japan”. Acta Societatis Scientiarum Indo-Neerlandicae 3 (art. 10): 1–46.
  4. ^ a b c d e Compagno, L.J.V. (1984). Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. pp. 147–148. ISBN 978-92-5-101384-7.
  5. ^ Stelbrink, B.; von Rintelen, T.; Cliff, G.; Kriwet, J. (2010). “Molecular systematics and global phylogeography of angel sharks (genus Squatina)”. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54 (2): 395–404. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2009.07.029. PMID 19647086.
  6. ^ a b c Walsh, J.H.; Ebert, D.A. (2007). “A review of the systematics of western North Pacific angel sharks, genus Squatina, with redescriptions of Squatina formosa, S. japonica, and S. nebulosa (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes, Squatinidae)”. Zootaxa 1551: 31–47.
  7. ^ a b Michael, S.W. (1993). Reef Sharks & Rays of the World. Sea Challengers. p. 36. ISBN 978-0-930118-18-1.
  8. ^ Walsh, J.H., D.A. Ebert and L.J.V. Compagno (2011). “Squatina caillieti sp. nov., a new species of angel shark (Chondrichthyes: Squatiniformes: Squatinidae) from the Philippine Islands”. Zootaxa 2759: 49–59.
  9. ^ Ferrari, A.; Ferrari, A. (2002). Sharks. Firefly Books. p. 100. ISBN 978-1-55209-629-1.
  10. ^ Yamaguti, S. (1934). “Studies on the Helminth fauna of Japan. Part 4. Cestodes of fishes”. Japanese Journal of Zoology 6: 1–112.
  11. ^ Izawa, K. (2011). “Five new species of Eudactylina Van Beneden, 1853 (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida, Eudactylinidae) parasitic on Japanese elasmobranchs”. Crustaceana 84 (12–13): 1605–1634. doi:10.1163/156854011x605792.
  12. ^ Nagasawa, K.; Tanaka, S.; Benz, G.W. (1998). “Trebius shiinoi n. sp. (Trebiidae: Siphonostomatoida: Copepoda) from uteri and embryos of the Japanese angelshark (Squatina japonica) and the clouded angelshark (Squatina nebulosa), and redescription of Trebius longicaudatus”. Journal of Parasitology 84 (6): 1218–1230. doi:10.2307/3284678. PMID 9920318.
  13. ^ Ota, Y.; Hoshino, O.; Hirose, M.; Tanaka, K.; Hirose, E. (2012). “Third-stage larva shifts host fish from teleost to elasmobranch in the temporary parasitic isopod, Gnathia trimaculata (Crustacea; Gnathiidae)”. Marine Biology 159 (10): 2333–2347. doi:10.1007/s00227-012-2018-2.
  14. ^ 岩手の海に現れた珍しい魚―カスザメ―”. 外部リンク[編集]  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、カスザメに関連するカテゴリがあります。
 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語

カスザメ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

カスザメ Squatina japonica はカスザメ属に属するサメの一種。北西太平洋の300m以浅の砂底で見られる。体はエイのように平たく、全長1.5m以上になる。2基の背鰭が腹鰭より後方に位置すること、大きな棘の列が背面の正中線上にあること、胸鰭の先端の角度が小さいことで近縁のコロザメと区別できる。背面には四角形の暗色の斑点が散らばり保護色となっている。

餌は魚類無脊椎動物夜行性待ち伏せ型捕食者である。胎生で2-10匹の仔魚を産む。刺激されなければ人には危害を加えない。肉や鮫皮が利用される。IUCN保全状況危急種としている。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語

전자리상어 ( Korean )

provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

Squatina japonica2.jpg

전자리상어(학명:Squatina japonica)는 전자리상어목 전자리상어과에 속하는 물고기이다. 몸길이는 2.5m로 상어에서는 중형에 속하는 물고기이다.

특징과 먹이

전자리상어는 전형적인 날개와 흡사한 모습을 가진 가슴지느러미와 골반지느러미를 가지고 있으며 바닥의 모래나 환경에 맞게 자신의 색을 변장하는 것이 가능한 어종이다. 영어권에서는 제팬니스 엔젤샤크(Japanese angleshark)라는 이름으로 불리며 이것을 한국어로 직역하면 일본의 천사상어가 된다. 체형은 가오리와 비슷하며 머리와 가슴지느러미가 분리되어 있다. 두개의 등지느러미는 골반지느러미의 바로 뒤에 배치되며 등불의 미드선에 따라 큰가시가 줄을 지어서 나 있다. 전자리상어의 상부 표면은 변장이 없다면 기본적으로 갈색의 바탕을 배경으로 수많은 뼈들을 자개하는 어두운 색상의 반점들이 나 있고 배쪽은 흰색을 띈다. 또한 매우 좁은 몸을 가지면서 가슴지느러미와 골반지느러미를 크게 확대했고 피부는 머리의 측면을 따라 접는 뚜렷한 엽이 부족하다. 눈은 타원형으로 넓게 간격이 나 있다. 눈의 양쪽에 있는 분수공의 거리는 2개의 눈에 있는 사이의 간격보다 넓고 가슴지느러미의 가장자리는 약 90°에 이르는 각을 이룬다. 밀접하게 뒤에는 앞쪽 테두리 안에 크고 박시한 초승달 모양의 첨탑이 있으며 각 콧구멍은 크고 2개의 바벨이 새겨진 작은 플랩 피부가 선행된다. 바벨은 얇고 내부 바벨에는 숟가락과 똑같은 모양의 팁과 바닥에 약간의 프린지 플랜지가 존재한다. 넓고 큰 입은 말단에 배치되며 모서리 부근엔 고랑이 있다. 이빨은 작지만 매우 뾰족하고 날카로우며 머리의 측면에 5개의 아가미가 존재한다. 각 가슴지느러미에 가장 앞쪽인 부분은 머리와 분리된 삼각형의 엽을 형성한다. 가슴지느러미의 바깥쪽 모서리는 각진 모양이며 전자리상어에 후면 끝에 존재하는 둥근지느러미와 골반지느러미는 블록한 마진이 있다. 2개의 진한 등지느러미는 모양과 크기가 비슷하며 지느러미의 양쪽을 따라 달리는 용골으로 팽팽해진 모습이고 둥근 모서리가 있는 삼각형 모양의 꼬리지느러미가 존재한다. 배지느러미의 하부 엽은 상부보다 크다. 등대 표면은 중간 크기의 진피 성모로 덮여 있으며 뒤쪽과 꼬리의 중간에 존재하는 선을 따라 있는 가시의 모양이 독특한 특징이 있다. 먹이로는 물고기, 두족류, 갑각류를 주로 섭식하는 육식성물고기에 속한다.

서식지와 산란기와 보호 활동

전자리상어의 주요한 서식지는 대한민국황해, 남해, 동해일본의 근해와 대만중국동중국해에서 주로 서식하는 어류이다. 북서 태평양이 주된 서식지가 되는 어종이고 수심 100~300m의 해저모래가 많은 바닥에서 주로 서식하는 어종이다. 전자리상어의 산란기는 9월~11월가을이며 수컷의 수정을 받은 암컷은 약 6~8개월의 임신기간을 겨쳐 이듬해의 여름에 2~10마리의 유어를 출산하는 난태생의 어류이고 갓 태어난 유어는 22cm의 크기를 가진다. 몸이 80cm를 넘어가는 이후부턴 성적으로 성숙하게 된다. 전자리상어는 국제 자연 보전 연맹(IUCN)에서 정한 위급의 멸종위기종으로 대한민국을 비롯한 전세계에서 보호를 하는 어종이다.

같이 보기

 title=
license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
Wikipedia 작가 및 편집자