Body fusiform; mouth moderate, oblique; pseudobranch present; gill rakers on first arch 22–31 (geographical variation). Branchiostegal rays 10, 3 on epihyal. Dorsal-fin rays 11 (9–12); pectoral-fin rays 17–19; pelvic fin-rays 7; anal finrays 22–28; dorsal origin in advance of anal-fin origin; anus near anal fin origin; dorsal adipose fin present. Vertebrae 33–35. Swimbladder well developed, gas–filled, euphysoclistous. Scales deciduous.
Photophores (adult): ORB l; OP 3, OP3 single; BR (6); IP (6); VAV (6); AC in 3 groups as 2 long groups preceded by a single, elevated photophore: 1 + (14–17) + (89) = 23–27; PV (12–13); OA (2) + 5; SO present.
Body silver with dark back bearing light brown dorso–lateral undulating strip and a pigment extension ventrally at procurrent rays; anterior two dorsal-fin rays, dorsalmost pectoral-fin ray and outer 2 or 3 caudal-fin rays pigmented; snout and bones of jaw transparent with characteristic pigment spots.
Vertebrae 33–35, usually 34. Gill rakers 28–32, usually 29–31. AC photophores 23–27, usually 25–26. Pectoral-fin rays 17–19. Head 26–29% SL, eye 8–10% SL, upper jaw 13–16% SL, maximum body depth at pectoral fin base 19–22% SL. Stomach and hind portion of intestine pigmented.
Eastern North Atlantic from 40–450N to Spitsbergen and Novaya Zemlya; most western record at 47°03'°N, 43°W.
Mesopelagic to benthopelagic, upper continental slopes. A diel vertical migrator.
Parin N, Kobyliansky S. 1996. Diagnoses and distribution of fifteen species recognized in genus Maurolicus Cocco (Sternoptychidae, Stomiiformes) with a key to their identification. Cybium 20(2):185–195.
To at least 65 mm SL.
What little data exists for species of the genus suggest that copepods and euphausiids are the predominant prey item.
Maurolicus muelleri és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels esternoptíquids.[5]
Assoleix la maduresa sexual en arribar al seu primer any de vida. La posta (de 200-500 ous que suren a la superfície) té lloc entre el març i el setembre.[6][9][10]
Menja copèpodes i eufausiacis.[11][12]
És depredat per Argentina silus, Beryx splendens, Brama brama, Trachurus declivis, Trachurus mediterraneus, Hyperoglyphe japonica, Clupea harengus, Cyttus traversi, Gadiculus argenteus thori, Merlangius merlangus, Pollachius pollachius, Pollachius virens, Caelorinchus fasciatus, Coryphaenoides rupestris, Macruronus novaezelandiae, Merluccius albidus, Allocyttus verrucosus, Scomber australasicus, Thunnus albacares, Helicolenus dactylopterus, Helicolenus percoides, Lepidopus caudatus, Trichiurus lepturus, Zenopsis conchifera, Zenopsis nebulosus, Merluccius capensis, Merluccius paradoxus, Apogonops anomalus, Thunnus thynnus, Thunnus alalunga, Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus, Raja leopardus, Squalus acanthias, Squalus mitsukurii i Illex argentinus.[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31]
És un peix marí i batipelàgic que viu entre 0-1.524 m de fondària (normalment, entre 300 i 400).[6][32][33]
Es troba a l'Atlàntic oriental (des d'Islàndia i Noruega fins al Senegal -incloent-hi la Mediterrània occidental- i des de la República Democràtica del Congo fins a Namíbia), l'Atlàntic occidental (des del Canadà i el golf de Maine fins al golf de Mèxic, el mar Carib i l'estret de Magallanes), el Pacífic sud-oriental (Xile) i el Pacífic occidental.[6][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67]
És mesopelàgic.[68]
Té una esperança de vida de 3 anys.[69]
És inofensiu per als humans.[6]
Maurolicus muelleri és una espècie de peix pertanyent a la família dels esternoptíquids.
Der Lachshering (Maurolicus muelleri) ist ein kleiner Tiefseefisch aus der Familie der Tiefsee-Beilfische (Sternoptychidae). Die Fische leben hauptsächlich im Atlantik. Das Vorkommen zieht sich in dessen östlichem Teil von den Küsten Norwegens (auch in vielen Fjorden) und Islands über das westliche Mittelmeer bis zur Küste des westafrikanischen Senegal und dann wieder von der Küste des Kongo bis nach Namibia. In der Nordsee fehlt der Lachshering jedoch. Im westlichen Atlantik gibt es Vorkommen von Maine bis in die Karibik und den Golf von Mexiko, außerdem über die Magellanstraße bis in den südöstlichen Pazifik vor der Küste Chiles.
Der Körper der Lachsheringe ist von silbrigen Schuppen bedeckt, der Rücken ist dunkel, von grünblauer Farbe. Im Unterschied zu den meisten anderen Arten der Tiefsee-Beilfische ist der Lachshering von normaler Fischgestalt. Er hat nur eine, hinten sitzende Rückenflosse und eine niedrige, lange Fettflosse.
Die Fische werden sieben bis acht Zentimeter lang.
Flossenformel: Dorsale 9–11, Anale 19–24
Lachsheringe leben mesopelagisch im offenen Meer tagsüber in Tiefen von 150 bis 250 Metern, maximal von bis zu 1500 Metern. Sie unternehmen Vertikalwanderungen und steigen in der Nacht bis in eine Tiefe von 50 Metern unter der Wasseroberfläche auf. Sie fressen vor allem Copepoden und Krill und sind selber eine wichtige Nahrung für viele Raubfische.
Lachsheringe laichen von März bis September. Ein Weibchen legt 200 bis 500 Eier, die zur Wasseroberfläche aufsteigen. Ab dem Alter von einem Jahr sind die Tiere geschlechtsreif, das höchste dokumentierte Alter beträgt drei Jahre.
Der Lachshering (Maurolicus muelleri) ist ein kleiner Tiefseefisch aus der Familie der Tiefsee-Beilfische (Sternoptychidae). Die Fische leben hauptsächlich im Atlantik. Das Vorkommen zieht sich in dessen östlichem Teil von den Küsten Norwegens (auch in vielen Fjorden) und Islands über das westliche Mittelmeer bis zur Küste des westafrikanischen Senegal und dann wieder von der Küste des Kongo bis nach Namibia. In der Nordsee fehlt der Lachshering jedoch. Im westlichen Atlantik gibt es Vorkommen von Maine bis in die Karibik und den Golf von Mexiko, außerdem über die Magellanstraße bis in den südöstlichen Pazifik vor der Küste Chiles.
Lakssild (Maurolicus muelleri) er ein lítil, silvurlittur fiskur av ættini ljósfiskar, ið hava ljósgøgn runt um á kroppi og høvdi. Um bakið er hon svørt. Síðurnar skína silvurlittar. Hon hevur nógv týðilig ljósgøgn, serliga á undirsíðuni á øllum fiskinum. Hon er vanliga 4-6 cm long, í mesta lagi 9 cm. Hon gerst ikki nógv eldri enn 3 ár og er gýtingarfør longu eftir einum ári. Gýtingin er í tíðarskeiðnum mars til septembur. Hon gýtir millum 200-500 rogn, ið flotna upp í vatnskorpuna og klekjast har. Av tí at lakssildin veksur skjótt, livir stutt og er tíðliga gýtingarfør, verður framleiðslan í stovninum sera høg. Tann skjóti vøksturin, stutta livitíðin og víða útbreiðslan ger, at samlaða nøgdin er sera stór í havinum og tí kann lutfalsliga nógv takast burtur úr stovninum, uttan at nerva hann munandi, t.v.s. nógv túsund tons.
Lakssild er helst væl egnað til fiskamjøl, tí hon er feitur fiskur. Fitiinnihaldið í fiskinum er umleið 5,5% av vektini, og av hesum feitti, eru bert 15% sokallað vaxester feitt, ið ikki er serliga nýtiligt í olju- og mjølframleiðslu. Tí er lakssild vælegnað sum ídnaðarfiskur, um borið verður saman við prikkafisk, ið hevur nógv størri innihald av vaxester feitti. Hon livir uppi í sjónum (uppsjóvarfiskur) yvir djúpum vatni (mesopelagisk), upp móti vatnskorpuni á nátt, og niður á umleið 300 metrar um dagin. Hon er tó fingin heilt niðri á 1.500 m dýpi. Føðin er einamest reyðæti, krill og amphipodur, sum øll eru krabbadjóraæti, ið eru at finna í stórum nøgdum í verðinshøvunum. Lakssildin ferðast upp í sjógvin um náttina at leita sær føði. Hon fer aftan á djóraætinum, ið eisini fer uppeftir um náttina. Tá tað lýsir, fara bæði æti og lakssild niður í myrkrið at fjala seg fyri ikki at verða etin. Lakssild er føði hjá millum annað upsa og toski úti í kantinum, og hjá makreli, sild og laksi uppi í sjónum.
Lakssild er undir Íslandi og Føroyum suður móti Antarktis. Í Miðjarðarhavinum, Kyrrahavinum og sunnarlaga í Indiahavi. Er eisini við Hawaiioyggjar. Í Vesturatlantshavinum er hon frá 40°N suður til Falklandsoyggjarnar. Lakssild er vanlig undir Føroyum og sæst ofta í fiskamaga og á troldekki, dottin úr netinum.
Maurolicus muelleri, commonly referred to as Mueller's pearlside, Mueller's bristle-mouth fish (not to be confused with the Gonostomatidae), or the silvery lightfish (not to be confused with the Phosichthyidae) is a marine hatchetfish in the genus Maurolicus, found in deep tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, from the surface to depths of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). It can grow to a maximum total length of 8 centimetres (3.1 in).[2]
Maurolicus muelleri is found across the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans from subpolar waters to the equator, as well as in the Mediterranean, however they are absent in the Indian Ocean.[2] M. muelleri is most abundant around bathymetric features such as seamounts and continental shelf breaks, and is scarce in the open ocean. This species is predominantly found at depths of around 150 to 250 metres (490 to 820 ft) during the day, but can be found as shallow as 50 metres (160 ft) during the nighttime.[2] They can be found in depths of at least 1,527 metres (5,010 ft) at maximum.[2] It lives in tropical, subtropical and temperate waters in the deep sea.[2]
Maurolicus muelleri has a fusiform body shape with a moderately sized, subvertical mouth. M. muelleri is countershaded to provide camouflage in the open-ocean, with a dark dorsal surface, silvered flanks and clustered photophores on the ventral surface for counterillumination. In fresh-caught specimens, these photophores are coloured a light pink/purple. They have 9 to 12 dorsal fin rays, 17-19 pectoral fin rays, 7 pelvic fin rays and 22 to 28 anal fin rays.[3] They can grow up to 8 centimetres (3.1 in) at maximum length, but usually grows up to 4 centimetres (1.6 in).[2]
Photophores are glandular organs that, in M. muelleri, are made up of several parts. The photogenic chamber, made up of small, spherical light-producing cells, is split into a subspherical tank and conic projector, embedded inside a reflector made of guanine crystals. Ventral to the photogenic chamber is a cellular lens that is itself covered on the ventral surface by a gelatinous dioptric layer.[4]
Maurolicus muelleri has large eyes with a retina uniquely adapted to the animal's mesopelagic habitat. M. muelleri inhabits surface waters only during twilight hours, requiring acute mesopic vision which in most vertebrates is achieved through combining dim-light rod cells and bright-light cone cells. Fish in the genus Maurolicus have developed a unique photoreceptor where a cone opsin and phototransduction cascade is found in cells transmuted into a rod-like morphology. These rod-like cone receptors are tuned to the blue-shifted mesopic light conditions dominant in M. muelleri's habitat and are likely a more efficient method of mesopic vision than would be feasible with two improperly-functioning photoreceptor types.[5]
Mueller's pearlside is a zooplanktivore, with exact diet composition varying geographically and seasonally. For example, Copepods are the main constituent of their diet in the Sea of Japan[6] and in waters surrounding Korea,[7] with the euphausiid species Euphausia pacifica of secondary importance near Japan.[6] Euphausiids and copepods are the dominant prey items year-round off near the eastern continental slope of Tasmania.[8] In Masfjorden, Norway, copepods are most important in the autumn,[9] while earlier in the year Cladocerans are most important.[10] Amphipods and pteropods have also been reported from stomach contents.[6]
Maurolicus muelleri inhabits a tertiary trophic position[6] and, as such, provides a trophic link between zooplankton and larger predators. A wide range of fish species prey on M. muelleri, including commercially-important species such as albacores, skipjack tuna, hake, and blue whiting.[11][12][13][14] They are also predated on by several cephalopods, including the squids Illex coindetii and Todaropsis eblanae[15] and the octopus Enteroctopus magnificus[16], and marine mammals including common dolphins, sei whales, Bryde's whales, and fin whales.[11][17][18][19]
Due to its trophic position, M. muelleri plays a role as an intermediate or paratenic host to a variety of parasitic taxa, with very few parasites reaching adulthood while infecting the pearlside. For example, in a study that examined 1329 individual Maurolicus muelleri specimens, 3720 parasites were found with only 5 individual adult parasites.[20] Endoparasites recorded from Maurolicus muelleri include the trematodes Derogenes varicose, Brachyphallus crenatus, and Lecithaster confusus, cestodes including Bothriocephalus sp. and Scolex pleuronectis, the nematodes Hysterothylacium aduncum and Anisakis simplex[20][21]. One of the only species to reach adulthood parasitising M. muelleri is the ectoparasitic copepod Sarcotretes scopeli.[20] A "fungoid mass", tentatively identified as being from the protist genus Ichthyophonus, has been identified in pearlsides caught near Australia.[22]
As with many mesopelagic species, Maurolicus muelleri undergoes diel vertical migration (DVM), however this behaviour is more complex and varied in M. muelleri than that descriptor usually entails. The specific nature of this migration can vary seasonally, between years, an across geography, as well as across the ontogeny of individual fishes.[23]
The vertical migration of M. muelleri has been best studied in Masfjorden, where a fifteen-month acoustic survey was undertaken. In Masfjorden, M. muelleri formed distinct scattering layers, with the deepest layer composed of adults and a shallow layer composed of post-larvae.[23] The depth of these scattering layers is thought to be a result of M. muelleri having a "light comfort zone", inhabiting depths where light levels are neither too bright nor too dark. Individual fish may move between scattering layers, indicating that the comfort zones are broader than suggested in the typical isolume hypothesis.[24] Here, M. muelleri displayed consistent, typical DVM patterns (i.e. remaining at depth during the day and ascending to the surface at night) during summer months only, with individuals feeding at dawn and dusk.[23]
Their behaviour, however, varied in the autumn and winter. In years where their Calanus copepod prey, which overwinter at depth, were abundant, adults in the winter delayed their vertical migration until approximately three hours before dawn due potentially to a reduced need to feed at the surface, with some individuals remaining at depth for the entire night, feeding entirely on deep-overwintering prey. Towards the end of the winter, adults underwent interrupted ascents, migrating to depths that were greater than reached during typical DVM as they preyed on deep-wintering prey partway through their seasonal ascent to the surface. Some individuals undertook a reversed DVM during winter, diving to slightly greater depths during daylight hours, to feed on deep-overwintering prey in optimal light conditions.[23] In the Benguela system and in the Gulf of Oman, DVM is known to occur, with fish ascending to within 10m of the surface in response to the first light of dawn before diving into deep waters.[25]
In latitudes where summer nights are short and bright, such as in the Arctic Circle, M. muelleri may school in shallow waters at night to reduce the threat of predation.[26] Maurolicus muelleri in scattering layers can detect predators at distances of several metres during the day, and respond by diving as far as 50m below their original depths at speeds of 15-20cm/s.[24] While most individuals reside in scattering layers to reduce predation risk, certain "bold individuals" will make forays into shallower waters above scattering layers, presumably in order to feed in move favourable light levels. It is unknown whether these bold individuals are atypical or whether a change in individual state (e.g. hunger) prompts these forays.[24]
Spawn timing in Maurolicus muelleri is regionally variable. In the Benguela system, breeding occurs year round, while in Australia spawning occurs in late winter and early spring.[22][27] In Norway, spawning occurs between March and September,[28] however hatch timing is a strong predictor of recruitment success, with individuals hatching before mid-September experiencing poor conditions for growth.[29] Females mature at lengths of around 35mm, at the end of their first year, and fish below 30mm cannot be sexed.[22] A small fraction of individuals survive into their second year, reaching lengths of up to 50mm in Australia.[22]
Individual females can contain as many as 738 ova,[22] and in enclosed spaces eggs can be extremely abundant, reaching numbers as high as 5.8x10^11 in Fensfjorden.[30] Eggs settle at a depth of around 200m in the Benguela system.[27] The eggs are surrounded by a distinctive hexagonal-patterned membrane.[22]
At present, M. muelleri is of minor importance to fisheries, with several countries, including Russia, Iceland, and the Faroe Islands attempting to pursue it as a resource after the collapse of other fisheries, with no nation landing more than 50,000 tonnes in a single year.[1] The species continues to be a focus of speculation for future mesopelagic fisheries,[31] however a number of technical hurdles will need to be surmounted in order to make pearlsides a cost-effective fishery target.[32]
Maurolicus muelleri, commonly referred to as Mueller's pearlside, Mueller's bristle-mouth fish (not to be confused with the Gonostomatidae), or the silvery lightfish (not to be confused with the Phosichthyidae) is a marine hatchetfish in the genus Maurolicus, found in deep tropical, subtropical and temperate waters of the Pacific Ocean and the Atlantic Ocean, from the surface to depths of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft). It can grow to a maximum total length of 8 centimetres (3.1 in).
La anchoa de fondo, luciérnaga perlada (en Cuba), pez hacha (en Uruguay) o yoalaakaci (en Argentina) (Maurolicus muelleri),[1][2] es una especie de pez de la familia de los esternoptíquidos o peces hacha.[3]
Su nombre científico deriva del griego mauros (oscuro) y lykos (lobo).[4]
Su pesaca es de escao valor comercial.[1]
Se ha descrito una captura de 8 cm de longitud,[5] aunque su tamaño máximo suele estar en unos 4 cm y una edad máxima de 3 años.[6] No tiene espina ni en la aleta dorsal ni en la anal, con unos 10 radios blandos en la dorsal y unos 20 en la anal, con un color del cuerpo plateado sobre una espalda azul-verdosa.[7]
Es un pez marino batipelágico de aguas profundas, que habita en un rango de profundidad entre 0 y 1524 metros,[1] aunque normalmente se encuentra entre los 300 y 400 metros de profundidad.[8] Se distribuye por todo el océano Atlántico, entre los 72° de latitud norte y 55° de latitud sur y entre los 98° de longitud oeste y 41° este, incluidos mares que conectan con este océano como el mar Mediterráneo, mar Negro, mar Caribe o mar Báltico,[1] así como por el sudeste del océano Pacífico por toda la costa sudamericana de este océano.[9]
Viven en las profundidades del océano, teniendo migraciones diarias en vertical, bajando a unos 150 a 250 metros durante el día y subiendo a unos 50 metros durante la noche.[10] Es un alimentador selectivo cíclico de copépodos y eufáusidos.[11] Alcanzan la madurez sexual cuando tienen un año de edad, desovando entonces desde marzo hasta septiembre con una producción de 200 a 500 huevos, los cuales flotan en la superficie del agua.[5] Tienen crías al menos dos veces en la vida.[10]
La anchoa de fondo, luciérnaga perlada (en Cuba), pez hacha (en Uruguay) o yoalaakaci (en Argentina) (Maurolicus muelleri), es una especie de pez de la familia de los esternoptíquidos o peces hacha.
Su nombre científico deriva del griego mauros (oscuro) y lykos (lobo).
Su pesaca es de escao valor comercial.
Maurolicus muelleri Maurolicus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sternoptychidae familian sailkatzen da.
Espezie hau Egeo itsasoan aurki daiteke.
Maurolicus muelleri Maurolicus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sternoptychidae familian sailkatzen da.
Gulldepla eða norræna gulldepla (fræðiheiti: Maurolicus muelleri) er lítill fiskur af silfurfiskaætt. Hún er 5-8 sm löng, silfruð að lit en bakið grænblátt og röð af ljósfærum á maganum. Gulldepla er miðsjávarfiskur sem finnst frá yfirborðinu allt að 1500 metra dýpi en er algengust á 150-250 metrum á næturnar en við 50 metra á daginn. Hún er algengust í heittempruðum sjó í Norður- og Suður-Atlantshafi þar á meðal vestast í Miðjarðarhafi og nyrst í Karíbahafi og í Suðaustur-Kyrrahafi. Hún lifir á rauðátu.
Gulldepla finnst allt í kringum Ísland en hefur ekki verið nýtt í neinum mæli. Tilraunaveiðar á henni fóru fram snemma vors 2009 og aflinn var nýttur í bræðslu.
Maurolicus muelleri, noto in italiano come maurolico, è un pesce abissale della famiglia Sternoptychidae.
È una specie cosmopolita. Nel mar Mediterraneo è comune, anche nei mari italiani. Talvolta ne spiaggiano migliaia, come è successo in Liguria o lungo lo stretto di Messina, dove è una delle specie più comuni che si trovano sulle spiagge, famose per fornire esemplari di fauna abissale. È una specie pelagica di profondità e si trova tra la superficie e 1000 metri (di solito fino a metri) ma è stato catturato fino a 2000 metri. Effettua migrazioni notturne verso le quote batimetriche minori.
A prima vista può sembrare simile ad una comune sardina perché si tratta di un piccolo pesce molto argenteo con corpo affusolato anche se compresso ai lati. Gli occhi sono molto grandi e così la bocca, che è obliqua e con la mandibola sporgente. Questo pesce è privo di scaglie. Lungo il ventre ci sono due file di fotofori, quella inferiore è lunga circa il doppio della superiore. Altri fotofori sono sparsi sul corpo, soprattutto sul capo. La pinna dorsale è breve e arretrata, è seguita da una pinna adiposa bassa. La pinna caudale è biforcuta; la pinna anale è lunga. Le pinne ventrali sono molto indietro, le pinne pettorali hanno un'inserzione bassa.
Il colore è argenteo con dorso azzurro o nero e ventre e fianchi argentati. I fotofori hanno colore viola.
Misura fino a 6 o 7 cm di lunghezza.
Si ciba di zooplancton.
Si riproduce tutto l'anno. Le uova hanno la superficie formata da sfaccettature esagonali.
Finisce relativamente spesso nelle reti da circuizione per le sardine e nelle reti a strascico. Le carni sono commestibili ma raramente si trovano sui mercati.
I suoi fotofori emanano un odore di ozono che i pescatori scambiano per odore di anguria. Per questo motivo il nome dialettale in alcune zone della Liguria è proprio “pesce cocomero”.
Maurolicus muelleri, noto in italiano come maurolico, è un pesce abissale della famiglia Sternoptychidae.
Maurolicus muelleri is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van diepzeebijlvissen (Sternoptychidae). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 8 cm.
De vis leeft uitsluitend in zout water. Hij komt voor in diep water in de Grote en Atlantische Oceaan en in de Middellandse Zee, tot een geregistreerde diepte van 1524 m.
De soort is voor de visserij van beperkt commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er niet op de vis gejaagd.
Maurolicus muelleri is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van diepzeebijlvissen (Sternoptychidae). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 8 cm.
Mauryk[2] (Maurolicus muelleri) – gatunek małej morskiej, głębokowodnej ryby wężorokształtnej z rodziny przeźreniowatych (Sternoptychidae). Ma niewielkie znaczenie użytkowe.
Północno-wschodnia oraz południowa część Oceanu Indyjskiego, zachodnia część równikowej strefy Oceanu Spokojnego, Ocean Atlantycki po region arktyczny (do 70° N[3]), a także Morze Śródziemne[4]. Gatunek batypelagiczny. Przebywa zwykle na głębokościach 300–400 m p.p.m., ale spotykany jest w znacznie głębszych wodach, co najmniej do 1524 m[5]. Wykonuje dobowe migracje pionowe – w ciągu dnia przebywa w głębokich wodach, a w nocy podpływa ku powierzchni morza. Jest widywany przy burtach płynących statków. Często występuje w dużych zgrupowaniach[2].
Ciało wrzecionowate. Przeciętna jego długość wynosi 4 cm. Maksymalnie osiąga 8 cm długości całkowitej[5]. Oczy duże. Na bokach ciała rozmieszczone są liczne narządy świetlne. Płetwa grzbietowa bez kolców, wsparta na 9–11[5] (10–12[2]) miękkich promieniach. W płetwie odbytowej znajduje się 19–24[5] (24–30[2]) miękkich promieni. Występuje płetwa tłuszczowa. Pęcherz pławny jest dobrze rozwinięty, wypełniony gazem. Liczba kręgów: 33–35. Ubarwienie srebrzyste z ciemnobrązowym pasem biegnącym wzdłuż grzbietu. Pysk i szczęki przezroczyste z charakterystycznymi barwnymi cętkami[3].
Żywi się widłonogami i szczętkami. Dojrzałość płciową osiąga po ukończeniu roku życia. Tarło odbywa od marca do października. Samica składa 200–500 ziaren ikry[5] o średnicy 1,3–2[3] mm. Ikra unosi się do warstw powierzchniowych. Fotofory pojawiają się u młodych osobników mierzących od 5 do 23 mm długości standardowej[3].
Mauryk (Maurolicus muelleri) – gatunek małej morskiej, głębokowodnej ryby wężorokształtnej z rodziny przeźreniowatych (Sternoptychidae). Ma niewielkie znaczenie użytkowe.
Laxsill (Maurolicus muelleri) en djuphavsfisk i familjen pärlemorfiskar som lever i större delen av Atlanten och har ljusorgan längs buken.
Laxsillen är en liten, silliknande fisk med silverglänsande kropp, blågrön rygg[2], en lång, låg fettfena[3], en relativt kort ryggfena lång bakåt och två rader lysorgan längs buken.[4] Den kan bli upp till 8 cm i längd, men blir ofta bara hälften så lång.[2]
Arten är en pelagisk djupvattensfisk, som kan gå ner till över 1 500 m, även om den vanligtvis håller sig mellan 300 och 400 m djup. Under natten går den upp till grundare vatten på omkring 50 m djup. Födan består framför allt av mindre kräftdjur som lysräkor och hoppkräftor. Den kan bli åtminstone 3 år gammal.[2]
Laxsillen lever framför allt i det öppna havet, men har också bildat bestånd i många djupa, norska fjordar.[3]
Könsmognaden uppnås vid omkring 1 års ålder. Arten leker i mars till september, då honan lägger mellan 200 och 500 ägg som flyter på havsytan.[2]
Arten lever i större delen av Atlanten från Island och norra Norge[3] över Medelhavet till Senegal samt från Demokratiska republiken Kongo till Namibia på östra sidan, och från Kanada och Maine till Mexikanska bukten och Västindien på den västra. Dessutom finns den i Magellans sund samt i västra och sydöstra Stilla havet (vid Chile).[2] Den kan gå in i Skagerack och även Öresund, samt har påträffats från Bohuslän till Halland.[4]
Laxsill (Maurolicus muelleri) en djuphavsfisk i familjen pärlemorfiskar som lever i större delen av Atlanten och har ljusorgan längs buken.
穆氏暗光鱼（学名：Maurolicus muelleri）为輻鰭魚綱巨口魚目褶胸鱼科暗光鱼属的其中一種鱼类。分布於大西洋及東南太平洋、地中海和红海海域。该物种的模式产地在挪威。[1]
穆氏暗光鱼體長可達8公分，為深海魚類，約棲息於150-1317米水深，最深可達1524公尺，會進行垂直性洄游，屬肉食性，可作為食用魚。
Froese, Rainer & Daniel Pauly, eds. (2012). Maurolicus muelleri in FishBase. 2012年4月版本
这是一篇與鮭形目相關的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 穆氏暗光鱼（学名：Maurolicus muelleri）为輻鰭魚綱巨口魚目褶胸鱼科暗光鱼属的其中一種鱼类。分布於大西洋及東南太平洋、地中海和红海海域。该物种的模式产地在挪威。
穆氏暗光鱼體長可達8公分，為深海魚類，約棲息於150-1317米水深，最深可達1524公尺，會進行垂直性洄游，屬肉食性，可作為食用魚。
