dcsimg

Benefits

provided by FAO species catalogs
King mackerel is an important species for recreational, commercial and artisanal fisheries throughout its range.The catch reported from Fishing Area 31 totalled 7 375 t in 1981 (FAO, 1983), but is probably higher, since part of the additional 1 100 t of unclassified Scomberomorus species is likely to be S. cavalla and since reporting on the considerable recreational catch is inadequate (Manooch, 1979). It is also suspected that some of the catch reported as S. maculatus by Cuba and the Dominican Republic may in fact be S. cavalla or S. regalis . In the USA, sport fishing with hooks and lines is carried out from April to December (but mostly in spring and fall) in North Carolina, and all year round (with local seasonal peaks) in Florida. Commercial fisheries operate in the same areas, as well as off Louisiana and Mississippi. Fishing gear include hooks and lines (North Carolina), snapper hooks and line (Mississippi), gillnets (southern Florida and North Carolina), and either trolled lure or small bait in the charter boat industry (Florida). The gillnet fishery has employed power block retrieval since 1963, and aerial spotting is sometimes used (Beaumariage, 1973). King mackerel is the main Scomberomorus species of interest to the commercial fishery that extends throughout the year off northeastern Brazil (Nomura & Rodrigues, 1967). The major Brazilian fishing grounds are located some 6 to 16 miles off the coastline. Gillnets take mostly 2 to 4 year old fish (88%), whereas trolling lines catch predominantly 4 to 6 year old individuals (Alcantara Filho, 1972). Fishing is also carried out from rafts with hooks baited with thread herring. Most of the catch is generally processed into steaks or sold fresh (Lyles, 1969), but it has also been canned and salted (Bustos et al., 1973; Paiva & Costa, 1966) in northeastern Brazil.The total catch reported for this species to FAO for 1999 was 14 728 t. The countries with the largest catches were Mexico (5 002 t) and Brazil (3 595 t).
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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Brief Summary

provided by FAO species catalogs
An epipelagic, neritic species, often found in outer reef areas.The larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31.0° C and 26.9 to 35.0 °/ooS (McEachran, Finucane & Hall, 1980). King mackerel appear to be present throughout the year off Louisiana and off the state of Ceará in northeastern Brazil. There also seems to be some resident populations in South Florida waters, as fish are available to the recreational fishery all around the year. However, large schools of similar-sized king mackerel are found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperatures permitting. Spawning takes place from May through September in the western Gulf of Mexico, particularly in September at depths between 35 and 180 m over the middle and outer continental shelf (McEachran, Finucane & Hall, 1980), peaks in July and August in the northeastern Caribbean (Erdman, 1977), but occurs throughout the year off northeastern Brazil (Ivo, 1972). In Brazil, the fecundity of 63 to 123 cm long females ranges from 345 000 to 2 280 000 eggs (Ivo, 1974). As in other members of the genus, food consists primarily of fishes with smaller quantities of penaeidshrimps and squids (De Vane, 1978). Clupeids such as Opisthonema, Harengula and Brevoortia are particularly important, even in juveniles of fork lengths between 10 and 31 cm (Naughton & Salomon,1981). Other fishes commonly preyed upon include jack mackerels (Carangidae), snappers (Lutjanidae), grunts (Pornadasyidae) and half-beaks (Hemiramphidae).
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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Size

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Maximum size is 173 cm fork length and 45 kg weight; common to 70 cm fork length; off northeastern Brazil, length in the catches ranges mostly between 50 and 90 cm. The all-tackle angling record is a 40.8 kg fish with a fork length of 170 cm taken at Key West, Florida, in 1976. In Florida, fork length at first maturity is 73 cm in males and 84 cm in females (Beaumariage, 1973). In Brazil, females mature at about 77 cm (Ivo, 1972).
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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Distribution

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Western Atlantic from Massachusetts to Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (Collette & Russo, 1979:fig. 9).The coastal area from Florida to Massachusetts is inhabited only during the warm months of the year.
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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Diagnostic Description

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Gillrakers on first arch moderate: 1 to 3 on upper limb; 6 to 10 on lower limb; 7 to 13 total, usually 9 or 10. First dorsal fin with 12 to 18 spines, usually 15; second dorsal with 15 to 18 rays, followed by 7 to 10 finlets, usually 9; anal fin with 16 to 20 rays, usually 18 or 19, followed by 7 to 10 finlets, usually 8; pectoral fin rays 21 to 23. Lateral line abruptly curving downward below second dorsal fin. Vertebrae 16 or 17 precaudal plus 24 to 26 caudali total 41 to 43, usually 42. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Colour: sides plain silver without bars or spots, juveniles with bronze spots smaller than the pupil of the eye in five or six irregular rows. Adults have no black area on the anterior part of the first dorsal fin as have many species of Scomberomorus.

References

  • Alcantara Filho, (1972a)
  • Beaumariage, (1973, Florida)
  • Berrien & Finan, (1977)
  • Manooch, Nakamura & Hall, (1978, bibliography)
  • Menezes, (1969, food, Brazil)
  • Nomura & Rodrigues, (1967, Brazil)
  • Trent, (1981, southeastern USA)
  • Ximenes, Menezes & Fonteles-Filho, (1981, length-weight relationship, Brazil)

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FAO Species Catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of Tunas, Mackerels, Bonitos and related species known to date.Collette, B.B.  &  C.E. Nauen 1983..  FAO Fish. Synop., (125)Vol.2:137 p.
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Migration

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Oceanodromous. Migrating within oceans typically between spawning and different feeding areas, as tunas do. Migrations should be cyclical and predictable and cover more than 100 km.
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Susan M. Luna
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Diagnostic Description

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Interpelvic process small and bifid. Swim bladder absent. Lateral line abruptly curving downward below second dorsal fin. Intestine with 2 folds and 3 limbs. Adults have no black area on the anterior part of the first dorsal fin. Juveniles with bronze spots in 5 or 6 irregular rows. Body entirely covered with scales.
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Diseases and Parasites

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Caligus Infestation 2. Parasitic infestations (protozoa, worms, etc.)
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 12 - 18; Dorsal soft rays (total): 15 - 18; Analspines: 0; Analsoft rays: 16 - 20; Vertebrae: 41 - 43
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Trophic Strategy

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Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt. Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids. Large schools have been found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperature permitting. It is an important species for recreational, commercial, and artisanal fisheries throughout its range. Most of the catch is processed into steaks or sold fresh, or sometimes canned and salted. Appears to be present all throughout the year off Louisiana, USA and off the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. Migrates over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast depending on water temperatures. The coastal area from Florida to Massachusetts is inhabited only during the warm months of the year.
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Biology

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Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt. Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids. Large schools have been found to migrate over considerable distances along the Atlantic US coast, water temperature permitting. It is an important species for recreational, commercial, and artisanal fisheries throughout its range. Most of the catch is processed into steaks or sold fresh, or sometimes canned and salted. Also prepared smoked and frozen (Ref. 9987). Potentially ciguatoxic in certain areas (Ref. 9710). Sometimes called "Kingfish" (Ref. 13442).
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Importance

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fisheries: commercial; gamefish: yes
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Scomberomorus cavalla ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Scomberomorus cavalla és una espècie de peix de la família dels escòmbrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

Morfologia

Els mascles poden assolir els 184 cm de longitud total i els 45 kg de pes.[3]

Distribució geogràfica

Es troba a l'Atlàntic occidental, al seu punt més septentrional a vegades des de Canadà i el Golf de Maine (Estats Units) fins a São Paulo (Brasil).[3]

Referències

  1. Lacepède B. G. E. 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 3. i-lxvi + 1-558.
  2. BioLib
  3. 3,0 3,1 FishBase (anglès)


Bibliografia

  • Collette, B.B. i C.E. Nauen, 1983. FAO species catalogue. Vol. 2. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. FAO Fish. Synop. 125(2). 137 p.
  • Cuvier, G. 1829. Le Règne Animal, distribué d'après son organisation, pour servir de base à l'histoire naturelle des animaux et d'introduction à l'anatomie comparée. Edition 2. Règne Animal (ed. 2) v. 2: i-xv + 1-406.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette i D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts (Estats Units), 1997.
  • Moyle, P. i J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a edició, Upper Saddle River (Nova Jersey, Estats Units): Prentice-Hall. Any 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a edició. Nova York, Estats Units: John Wiley and Sons. Any 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a edició, Londres: Macdonald. Any 1985.


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Scomberomorus cavalla: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

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Scomberomorus cavalla és una espècie de peix de la família dels escòmbrids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.

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Scomberomorus cavalla ( German )

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Scomberomorus cavalla ist ein Meeresfisch aus der Familie der Makrelen und Thunfische, der an der westlichen Atlantikküste von Nova Scotia bis Salvador da Bahia und in der Karibik vorkommt. Er wird kommerziell befischt und ist auch als Sportfisch bekannt.[1]

Beschreibung

Das Tier erreicht eine Maximallänge von 184 Zentimetern.[1] Die erste Rückenflosse besteht für gewöhnlich aus 15 Hartstrahlen, die zweite Rückenflosse aus 15 bis 18 Weichstrahlen. Die Afterflosse besteht aus 16 bis 20 Weichstrahlen. Auf der Oberseite des Schwanzstieles befinden sich normalerweise neun Flössel, auf der Unterseite acht. Die große Schwanzflosse ist tief gespalten. Die Brustflossen haben jeweils 21 bis 23 Weichstrahlen. Die Bauchflossen sind sehr klein und brustständig. Die Flanken sind silbern. Juvenile Exemplare weisen bronzene Flecken an den Flanken auf.[2] Eine Schwimmblase ist nicht vorhanden. Die Seitenlinie verläuft zunächst deutlich oberhalb der Körpermitte, am Ansatz der zweiten Rückenflosse knickt sie nach unten ab und verläuft dann auf der Körpermitte weiter.

Lebensraum und Biologie

Scomberomorus cavalla ist ein ozeanodromer Gruppenfisch. Er lebt in flachem Wasser (5 bis 15 Meter), kommt selten aber auch in Tiefen von bis zu 140 Metern vor. Der Raubfisch ernährt sich vorwiegend von Fisch, ferner auch von Krebstieren und Kopffüßern.[1]

Quellen

Literatur

  • Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen: Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date (= FAO Species Catalogue. Bd. 2 = FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Nr. 125, Bd. 2). United Nations Development Programme u. a., Rom 1983, ISBN 92-5-101381-0, (Vollständige Ausgabe).

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c Scomberomorus cavalla auf Fishbase.org (englisch)
  2. Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen: Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date (= FAO Species Catalogue. Bd. 2 = FAO Fisheries Synopsis. Nr. 125, Bd. 2). United Nations Development Programme u. a., Rom 1983, ISBN 92-5-101381-0.

Weblinks

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Scomberomorus cavalla: Brief Summary ( German )

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Scomberomorus cavalla ist ein Meeresfisch aus der Familie der Makrelen und Thunfische, der an der westlichen Atlantikküste von Nova Scotia bis Salvador da Bahia und in der Karibik vorkommt. Er wird kommerziell befischt und ist auch als Sportfisch bekannt.

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Scomberomorus cavalla ( Nan )

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Scomberomorus cavalla sī chi̍t khoán chheng-kho (Scombridae), bé-ka-sio̍k (Scomberomorus) ê .

Chham-khó chu-liāu

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Scomberomorus cavalla: Brief Summary ( Nan )

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Scomberomorus cavalla sī chi̍t khoán chheng-kho (Scombridae), bé-ka-sio̍k (Scomberomorus) ê .

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Кавалла ( Kirghiz; Kyrgyz )

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Кавалла.

Кавалла (лат. Scomberomorus cavalla) макрель балыктарынын бир түрү.

Колдонулган адабияттар

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நெய்மீன் ( Tamil )

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குறைந்த கவலைப்படவேண்டிய உயிரினம்
நெய் மீன்

நெய்மீன், ராஜாமீன், சீர்மீன் மற்றும் ராஜா கானாங்கெளுத்தி (கிங் மாக்ரல்) (Scomberomorus cavalla)) என்ற பெயர்களில் அழைக்கப்படும் இந்த மீன் 50 கிலோ வரை எடை இருக்கும். மற்ற மீன்களை இது உணவாக உண்டு வழும் மீனாகும். இது ஹிஸ்டோன் நஞ்சிற்கு மிகவும் பெயர்போனதாகும். ஒமேகா 3 கொழுப்பு அமிலத்துடன் உள்ள இம்மீன் சுவையாக இருக்கும். இம் மீன்கள் பொழுதுபோக்கு மற்றும் வியாபார நோக்கத்திற்காக பிடிக்கப்படுகிறது. இந்தியாவின் தென்பகுதியான கன்னியாகுமரி மற்றும் தூத்துக்குடி மாவட்டங்களில் (லட்சதீவுக்கடல், இந்தியப்பெருங்கடல், மற்றும் மன்னார்வளைகுடா) உள்ள கடல்களில் அதிக அளவில் பிடிக்கப்பட்டு விற்பனைக்கு அனுப்பப்படுகிறது. இது இடம் பெயரக்கூடிய மீன் வகைகளில் ஒன்றாகும். மேற்கு அட்லாண்டிக் பெருங்கடல் மெக்சிகோ வளைகுடா பகுதிகளிலிருந்து இடம் பெயர்தலை காணலாம்.

ஊட்டச்சத்து

இந்த வகை மீன்கள் மற்ற வகை மீன்களை உணவாக உட்கொள்வதால் இதில் பாதரசம் உணவுச் சங்கிலியில் அடுத்து அடுத்த நிலைகளில் அதிக அளவில் சேமிக்கப்பட்டு (biomagnification) மீதைல் பாதரசமாக (methyl mercury), பாதரசத்தின் அதிகப்படியான நஞ்சாக (நரம்பு நஞ்சாக) மாற்றப்படுவதால் இதைத் தாய்மார்கள்,குழந்தைகள் மற்றும் கருவுற்ற பெண்கள் தவிர்க்க வேண்டும்[1].

ஆதாரம்

  1. Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990-2010). United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2011
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நெய்மீன்: Brief Summary ( Tamil )

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 src=  src= குறைந்த கவலைப்படவேண்டிய உயிரினம்நெய் மீன்

நெய்மீன், ராஜாமீன், சீர்மீன் மற்றும் ராஜா கானாங்கெளுத்தி (கிங் மாக்ரல்) (Scomberomorus cavalla)) என்ற பெயர்களில் அழைக்கப்படும் இந்த மீன் 50 கிலோ வரை எடை இருக்கும். மற்ற மீன்களை இது உணவாக உண்டு வழும் மீனாகும். இது ஹிஸ்டோன் நஞ்சிற்கு மிகவும் பெயர்போனதாகும். ஒமேகா 3 கொழுப்பு அமிலத்துடன் உள்ள இம்மீன் சுவையாக இருக்கும். இம் மீன்கள் பொழுதுபோக்கு மற்றும் வியாபார நோக்கத்திற்காக பிடிக்கப்படுகிறது. இந்தியாவின் தென்பகுதியான கன்னியாகுமரி மற்றும் தூத்துக்குடி மாவட்டங்களில் (லட்சதீவுக்கடல், இந்தியப்பெருங்கடல், மற்றும் மன்னார்வளைகுடா) உள்ள கடல்களில் அதிக அளவில் பிடிக்கப்பட்டு விற்பனைக்கு அனுப்பப்படுகிறது. இது இடம் பெயரக்கூடிய மீன் வகைகளில் ஒன்றாகும். மேற்கு அட்லாண்டிக் பெருங்கடல் மெக்சிகோ வளைகுடா பகுதிகளிலிருந்து இடம் பெயர்தலை காணலாம்.

ஊட்டச்சத்து

இந்த வகை மீன்கள் மற்ற வகை மீன்களை உணவாக உட்கொள்வதால் இதில் பாதரசம் உணவுச் சங்கிலியில் அடுத்து அடுத்த நிலைகளில் அதிக அளவில் சேமிக்கப்பட்டு (biomagnification) மீதைல் பாதரசமாக (methyl mercury), பாதரசத்தின் அதிகப்படியான நஞ்சாக (நரம்பு நஞ்சாக) மாற்றப்படுவதால் இதைத் தாய்மார்கள்,குழந்தைகள் மற்றும் கருவுற்ற பெண்கள் தவிர்க்க வேண்டும்.

ஆதாரம் Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990-2010). United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved July 1, 2011
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King mackerel

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The king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) or kingfish, is a migratory species of mackerel of the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. It is an important species to both the commercial and recreational fishing industries.

Description

The king mackerel is a medium-sized fish, typically encountered from 5 kg (11 lb) to 14 kg (30 lb), but is known to exceed 40 kg (90 lb). The entire body is covered with very small, hardly visible, loosely attached scales. The first (spiny) dorsal fin is entirely colorless and is normally folded back into a body groove, as are the pelvic fins. The lateral line starts high on the shoulder, dips abruptly at mid-body and then continues as a wavy horizontal line to the tail. Coloration is olive on the back, fading to silver with a rosy iridescence on the sides, fading to white on the belly. Fish under 5 kg (11 lb) show yellowish-brown spots on the flanks, somewhat smaller than the spots of the Atlantic Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus maculatus. Its cutting-edged teeth are large, uniform, closely spaced and flattened from side to side. These teeth look very similar to those of the bluefish, Pomatomus saltatrix.

Distribution and habitat

The king mackerel is a subtropical species of the Atlantic Coast of the Americas. Common in the coastal zone from North Carolina to Brazil, it occurs as far south as Rio de Janeiro, and occasionally as far north as the Gulf of Maine and also found in Eastern coast of India, in the Bay of Bengal, Indian Ocean and Western coast of India in the Arabian Sea. Nonetheless, a preference for water temperatures in the range of 20 to 29 °C (68 to 84 °F) may limit distribution.

King mackerel commonly occur in depths of 12–45 m (40–150 ft), where the principal fisheries occur. Larger kings (heavier than 9 kg or 20 lb) often occur inshore, in the mouths of inlets and harbors, and occasionally even at the 180 m (590 ft) depths at the edge of the Gulf Stream.

Migration patterns

A male king mackerel, about 6 kg (13 lb).

At least two migratory groups of king mackerel have been found to exist off the American coast. A Gulf of Mexico group ranges from the Texas coast in summer to the middle-east coast of Florida from November through March. Spawning occurs throughout the summer off the northern Gulf Coast.

An Atlantic group is abundant off North Carolina in spring and fall. This group migrates to southeast Florida, where it spawns from May through August, and slowly returns through summer. Apparently, this group winters in deep water off the Carolinas, as tagging studies have shown they are never found off Florida in winter.

Life history

Eggs and sperm are shed into the sea and their union is by chance. Depending on size, a female may shed from 50,000 to several million eggs over the spawning season. Fertilized eggs hatch in about 24 hours. The newly hatched larva is about 2.5 mm (0.098 in) long with a large yolk sack. Little is known about king mackerel in their first year of life. Yearling fish typically attain an average weight of 1.4–1.8 kg (3.1–4.0 lb) and a fork length of 60 cm (24 in). At age seven, females average 10 kg (22 lb), males 5 kg (11 lb). King mackerel may attain 40 kg (88 lb), but any over 7 kg (15 lb) is almost certainly a female.

Feeding habits

King mackerel are voracious, opportunistic carnivores. Their prey depends on their size. Depending on area and season, they favor squid, menhaden and other sardine-like fish (Clupeidae), jacks (Carangidae), cutlassfish (Trichiuridae), weakfish (Sciaenidae), grunts (Haemulidae), striped anchovies (Engraulidae), cigar minnows, threadfin, northern mackerel, and blue runners. They do not attack humans but will defend themselves against perceived threats, including humans flailing or thrashing in man-overboard and similar situations, by biting.

Fisheries

Commercial capture of king mackerel in tonnes from 1950 to 2009

Fishing gear and methods

King mackerel are among the most sought-after gamefish throughout their range from North Carolina to Texas. Known throughout the sportfishing world for their blistering runs, the king mackerel matches its distant relative, the wahoo, in speed. They are taken mostly by trolling, using various live and dead baitfish, spoons, jigs and other artificial lures. Commercial gear consists of run-around gill nets. They are also taken commercially by trolling with large planers, heavy tackle and lures similar to those used by sport fishers. Typically when using live bait, two hooks are tied to a strong metal leader. The first may be a treble or single and is hooked through the live bait's nose and/or mouth. The second hook (treble hook) is placed through the top of the fish's back or allowed to swing free. This must be done because king mackerel commonly bite the tail section of a bait fish. When trolling for kings using this method, it is important to make sure the baitfish are swimming properly. Typical tackle includes a conventional or spinning reel capable of holding 340 m (370 yd) of 13 kg (29 lb) test monofilament and a 2 m (6 ft 7 in), 13 kg (29 lb) class rod.[3]

Several organizations have found success in promoting tournament events for this species because of their popularity as a sport fish. The most notable are the Southern Kingfish Association (SKA) and the FLW Outdoors tour. These events are covered in several outdoors publications, both in print and online.

As food

Processing

As of 2005, king mackerel are primarily marketed fresh. They may be sold as fillets, steaks, or in the round (whole). Their raw flesh is grayish, due to its high fat content. They are best prepared by grilling, frying, baking or, especially for large "smoker" king, by smoking.

Typical Goan meal with fried king mackerel, mackerel curry, parboiled rice and shrimp veg preparation.

Nutrition

According to the United States Food and Drug Administration, king mackerel is one of four fishes, along with swordfish, shark, and tilefish, that children and pregnant women should avoid due to high levels of methylmercury found in these fish and the consequent risk of mercury poisoning.[4]

Similar species

Small king mackerel are similar in appearance to Atlantic Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus maculatus, and cero mackerel, Scomberomorus regalis, all three species being similar in shape and coloration. They may be distinguished as follows:

The lateral line on Atlantic Spanish mackerel and cero slopes gradually from the top edge of the gill to the tail. In contrast, that of the king mackerel takes an abrupt drop at mid-body (see illustration).

The first (spiny) dorsal fin on Atlantic Spanish mackerel and cero has a prominent black patch. The king mackerel does not. As all three species normally keep the first dorsal folded back in a body groove, this difference is not immediately evident.

Atlantic Spanish mackerel have prominent yellow spots on the flanks at all sizes. In addition to such spots, cero have one or more yellow stripes along the centerline. Young king mackerel have similar, but slightly smaller spots, these fade away on individuals weighing over 5 kg (10 lb), but may still be seen as slightly darker green spots toward the back from some angles of view.

Worldwide, many fish of these three species are quite similar to one or another. Off Mexico, Atlantic Spanish mackerel may be confused with Serra Spanish mackerel, Scomberomorus brasiliensis.

Notes

  1. ^ Collette, B.; Amorim, A.F.; Boustany, A.; et al. (2011). "Scomberomorus cavalla". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2011: e.T170339A6755835. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2011-2.RLTS.T170339A6755835.en. Retrieved 29 November 2022.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  2. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2018). "Scomberomorus cavalla" in FishBase. February 2018 version.
  3. ^ "Fishing for Kingfish in Florida". Reel Coquina Fishing.
  4. ^ Mercury Levels in Commercial Fish and Shellfish (1990-2010). United States Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved September, 2015.

References

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King mackerel: Brief Summary

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The king mackerel (Scomberomorus cavalla) or kingfish, is a migratory species of mackerel of the western Atlantic Ocean and Gulf of Mexico. It is an important species to both the commercial and recreational fishing industries.

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Scomberomorus cavalla ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La caballa real (Scomberomorus cavalla) es una especie de peces de la familia Scombridae en el orden de los Perciformes.

Morfología

Los machos pueden llegar alcanzar los 184 cm de longitud total y los 45 kg de peso.[1]

Distribución geográfica

Se encuentra en el Atlántico occidental: desde Canadá y Massachusetts (Estados Unidos) hasta São Paulo (Brasil).

Referencias

  1. FishBase (en inglés)

Bibliografía

  • Fenner, Robert M.: The Conscientious Marine Aquarist. Neptune City, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos : T.F.H. Publications, 2001.
  • Helfman, G., B. Collette y D. Facey: The diversity of fishes. Blackwell Science, Malden, Massachusetts, Estados Unidos , 1997.
  • Hoese, D.F. 1986: . A M.M. Smith y P.C. Heemstra (eds.) Smiths' sea fishes. Springer-Verlag, Berlín, Alemania.
  • Maugé, L.A. 1986. A J. Daget, J.-P. Gosse y D.F.E. Thys van den Audenaerde (eds.) Check-list of the freshwater fishes of Africa (CLOFFA). ISNB Bruselas; MRAC, Tervuren, Flandes; y ORSTOM, París, Francia. Vol. 2.
  • Moyle, P. y J. Cech.: Fishes: An Introduction to Ichthyology, 4a. edición, Upper Saddle River, Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos: Prentice-Hall. Año 2000.
  • Nelson, J.: Fishes of the World, 3a. edición. Nueva York, Estados Unidos: John Wiley and Sons. Año 1994.
  • Wheeler, A.: The World Encyclopedia of Fishes, 2a. edición, Londres: Macdonald. Año 1985.

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Scomberomorus cavalla: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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La caballa real (Scomberomorus cavalla) es una especie de peces de la familia Scombridae en el orden de los Perciformes.

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Scomberomorus cavalla ( Basque )

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Scomberomorus cavalla Scomberomorus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scombridae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Scomberomorus cavalla FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Scomberomorus cavalla: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Scomberomorus cavalla Scomberomorus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Scombridae familian sailkatzen da.

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Kuningasmakrilli ( Finnish )

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Kuningasmakrilli (Scomberomorus cavalla) on suurikokoinen ahvenkalojen lahkoon kuuluva makrillikala.

Koko ja ulkonäkö

Kuningasmakrilli voi kasvaa 170-180 cm pitkäksi ja 45 kg painoiseksi. Vanhimmat raportoidut yksilöt ovat noin 14 vuoden ikäisiä. Lajin vartalo on vaaleansinisenharmaa ja siinä on kylkiviivan yllä mustanharmaita raitoja. Evät ovat harmaita tai tummanharmaita.

Levinneisyys

Kuningasmakrillia tavataan Atlantin valtameren läntisellä laidalla Massachusettsin edustalta São Pauloon asti. Se suosii ulkomerellä olevia riuttoja ja lämpimiä trooppisia ja subtrooppisia vesiä yleisimmin 12-45 m:n, enintään 180 m:n syvyydessä. Niiden on nähty vaeltavan valtavina parvina Yhdysvaltain itärannikkoa pitkin.

Ravinto

Kuningasmakrillit ovat lihansyöjiä, joiden saalin koko riippuu kalan itsensä koosta. Ne syövät pääasiassa kaloja, mutta myös jonkin verran trooppisia katkarapuja ja muita äyriäisiä.

Kalastus

Kuningasmakrilli on tärkeä saalis ammattikalastajille ja kalateollisuudelle. Urheilukalastajallekin se on mieluinen saalis, koska kala on suurikokoinen ja sen liha on laadukasta. Kuningasmakrillia pyydetään pääasiassa trooleilla, ajoverkoilla tai pitkälläsiimalla. Saaliista suurin osa kaupataan tuoreena, pakasteena, savustettuna, suolattuna tai jalostetaan kalapihveiksi ja säilykkeeksi. Ruuaksi sitä voi valmistaa monin eri tavoin.

Lähteet

  1. Collette, B., Amorim, A.F., Boustany, A., Carpenter, K.E., de Oliveira Leite Jr., N., Di Natale, A., Fox, W., Fredou, F.L., Graves, J., Viera Hazin, F.H., Juan Jorda, M., Minte Vera, C., Miyabe, N., Nelson, R., Oxenford, H., Teixeira Lessa, R.P. & Pires Ferreira Travassos, P.E.: Scomberomorus cavalla IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. 2011. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 09.08.2013. (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla

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Kuningasmakrilli: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Kuningasmakrilli (Scomberomorus cavalla) on suurikokoinen ahvenkalojen lahkoon kuuluva makrillikala.

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Maquereau roi ( French )

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Scomberomorus cavalla

Scomberomorus cavalla, le Maquereau roi ou le Thazard barré, est une espèce de poissons migratoires. Il habite dans les hautes mers de l’océan Atlantique ouest et le golfe du Mexique. C’est une espèce importante pour les industries de la pêche industrielle et commerciale.

Description

Le thazard barré est un poisson fin, un peu aplati d’un côté à l’autre. Le corps est entièrement recouvert de très petites écailles très friables. La première nageoire dorsale est argentée et normalement repliée dans le corps du poisson. Les nageoires latérales commencent haut sur les épaules, tombent rapidement à mi-corps et continuent en ligne horizontale et ondulée jusqu’à la queue. Sa couleur est olive sur le dos à argentée avec un rose iridescent sur les côtés, devenant blanc sur le ventre.

Les poissons de moins de 5 kg ont des points jaune marron sur les flancs, de taille légèrement inférieure aux taches du maquereau atlantique espagnol, Scomberomorus maculatus. Ses dents acérées sont larges, uniformes, rapprochées et aplaties d’un côté à l’autre.

Distribution et habitat

Le Thazard barré est une espèce subtropicale de la côte atlantique des Amériques. Commun dans les zones côtières de la Caroline du Nord au Brésil, il peut être trouvé jusqu'à Rio de Janeiro, et parfois jusqu’au golfe du Maine. Cependant, sa préférence pour des eaux de 20 à 29 °C limite sa distribution.

Le Thazard barré habite communément les eaux de 12 à 45m de profondeur, aussi les principaux terrains de pêche. Les poissons les plus gros se retrouvent principalement à l’intérieur des côtes, dans les embouchures de rivières et dans les ports, et parfois même à des profondeurs de 180m aux bords du Gulf Stream.

Migrations

Au moins deux groupes migratoires de thazards barrés ont été découverts sur les côtes américaines. Un groupe situé dans le golfe du Mexique va de la côte du Texas pendant l’été jusqu'à la côte est de la Floride de novembre jusqu'à mars. Les poissons déposent leurs œufs pendant l’été entier dans le nord du golfe.

Un second groupe abonde sur les côtes de la Caroline du Nord pendant le printemps et l’automne. Ce groupe migre vers le sud-est de la Floride ou il dépose ses œufs de mai jusqu'à août, puis revient lentement pendant la saison estivale. Il semblerait que ce groupe passe l’hiver dans les eaux profondes des Carolines alors qu’une étude de suivi a démontré qu’ils n’étaient jamais trouvés sur les côtes de Floride pendant cette saison.

Alimentation

Le Thazard barré est un carnivore vorace et opportuniste. Leur proie dépend principalement de leur taille. Suivant la saison et l’emplacement, ils préfèrent le menhaden et d’autres poissons apparentés a la sardine (Clupeidae), le cutlass (Trichiuridae), l’anchois, ou le maquereau de l’Atlantique Nord.

Impact sur la santé humaine

Le département américain de la Santé recommande[1] une consommation restreinte de certains poissons et pour certaines catégories de personnes en raison de leurs niveaux élevés de mercure. Une étude publiée en février 2006 rapporte les taux de mercure chez certains poissons. Le niveau relativement élevé de mercure dans le Thazard barré (0,73ppm) pousse la FDA (Food and Drug Administration) à recommander de privilégier d’autres poissons riches en oméga-3 comme le maquereau atlantique (0,050ppm) ou la perche.

Notes et références

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Maquereau roi: Brief Summary ( French )

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Scomberomorus cavalla

Scomberomorus cavalla, le Maquereau roi ou le Thazard barré, est une espèce de poissons migratoires. Il habite dans les hautes mers de l’océan Atlantique ouest et le golfe du Mexique. C’est une espèce importante pour les industries de la pêche industrielle et commerciale.

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Tenggiri Amerika ( Indonesian )

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Tenggiri Amerika (Scomberomorus cavalla) adalah spesies ikan dari keluarga Scombridae. Spesies ini berukuran sedang dengan berat rata-rata mencapai 5 sampai 14 kg, walau ada juga ditemukan dengan berat melebihi 40 kg. Seluruh badan ikan ini tertutup oleh sisik yang sangat kecil serta tidak begitu terlihat.

Distribusi dan Habitat

Tenggiri Amerika adalah spesies subtropis Pantai Atlantik Amerika. Banyak ditemukan di zona pesisir dari Carolina Utara sampai Brasil, sampai selatan Rio de Janeiro, dan kadang-kadang sejauh utara Teluk Maine. Meskipun demikian, preferensi untuk suhu air di kisaran 20 sampai 29 °C dapat membatasi distribusi. Tenggiri Amerika umumnya berada pada kedalaman 12–45 m.

Referensi

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Tenggiri Amerika: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Tenggiri Amerika (Scomberomorus cavalla) adalah spesies ikan dari keluarga Scombridae. Spesies ini berukuran sedang dengan berat rata-rata mencapai 5 sampai 14 kg, walau ada juga ditemukan dengan berat melebihi 40 kg. Seluruh badan ikan ini tertutup oleh sisik yang sangat kecil serta tidak begitu terlihat.

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Koningsmakreel ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

De koningsmakreel (Scomberomorus cavalla, syn. regalis) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van makrelen (Scombridae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 184 cm. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 14 jaar. Hij staat bij de Amerikanen bekend als cero, koningsvis, cavalla en sierra-makreel. De hengelsporters aldaar prijzen zijn vecht- en voedingswaarde. Vindplaatsen bevinden zich aan de Atlantische kustwateren, waar de vis tot ruim 34 kilo zwaar wordt.

Leefomgeving

De koningsmakreel is een zoutwatervis. De vis prefereert een tropisch klimaat en leeft hoofdzakelijk in de Atlantische Oceaan. De diepteverspreiding is 5 tot 140 m onder het wateroppervlak.

Relatie tot de mens

De koningsmakreel is voor de visserij van aanzienlijk commercieel belang. In de hengelsport wordt er weinig op de vis gejaagd.

Voor de mens is deze makreelsoort potentieel gevaarlijk omdat er vermeldingen van ciguatera-vergiftiging zijn geweest.

Externe link

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  • Froese, R., D. Pauly. en redactie. 2005. FishBase. Elektronische publicatie. www.fishbase.org, versie 06/2005.
  1. (en) Koningsmakreel op de IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
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Koningsmakreel: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De koningsmakreel (Scomberomorus cavalla, syn. regalis) is een straalvinnige vis uit de familie van makrelen (Scombridae) en behoort derhalve tot de orde van baarsachtigen (Perciformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 184 cm. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 14 jaar. Hij staat bij de Amerikanen bekend als cero, koningsvis, cavalla en sierra-makreel. De hengelsporters aldaar prijzen zijn vecht- en voedingswaarde. Vindplaatsen bevinden zich aan de Atlantische kustwateren, waar de vis tot ruim 34 kilo zwaar wordt.

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Kongemakrell ( Norwegian )

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Kongemakrell

Kongemakrell er en fiskeart i makrellfamilien.

Første ryggfinne har 12–18 piggstråler, som regel 15. Andre ryggfinne har 15–18 piggstråler, og bak den er det 7–10 småfinner. Sidelinjen svinger brått nedover under andre ryggfinne. Maksimal størrelse er en lengde på 173 cm og en vekt på 45 kg.

Kroppssidene er sølvfarget uten linjer eller flekker. Ungfisker har små bronsefargede flekker i fem eller seks rader. De voksne har ikke det mørke området bak på første ryggfinne som finnes hos mange andre Scomberomorus-arter.

Arten er en stimfisk som lever pelagisk i de øvre vannlagene i kystfarvann, ofte i ytterkanten av korallrev. Den eter hovedsakelig fisk, men tar også reker og blekksprut. Utbredelsen omfatter det vestlige Atlanterhavet fra Massachusetts i USA til Rio de Janeiro i Brasil. Utenfor USAs atlanterhavskyst finnes den bare om sommeren.

Denne arten er viktig for både sportsfiske og kommersielt fiske. I 2010 var verdensfangsten på 16 092 tonn. Fisket er viktigst i Mexico og Brasil.

Litteratur

Eksterne lenker

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Kongemakrell: Brief Summary ( Norwegian )

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 src= Kongemakrell

Kongemakrell er en fiskeart i makrellfamilien.

Første ryggfinne har 12–18 piggstråler, som regel 15. Andre ryggfinne har 15–18 piggstråler, og bak den er det 7–10 småfinner. Sidelinjen svinger brått nedover under andre ryggfinne. Maksimal størrelse er en lengde på 173 cm og en vekt på 45 kg.

Kroppssidene er sølvfarget uten linjer eller flekker. Ungfisker har små bronsefargede flekker i fem eller seks rader. De voksne har ikke det mørke området bak på første ryggfinne som finnes hos mange andre Scomberomorus-arter.

Arten er en stimfisk som lever pelagisk i de øvre vannlagene i kystfarvann, ofte i ytterkanten av korallrev. Den eter hovedsakelig fisk, men tar også reker og blekksprut. Utbredelsen omfatter det vestlige Atlanterhavet fra Massachusetts i USA til Rio de Janeiro i Brasil. Utenfor USAs atlanterhavskyst finnes den bare om sommeren.

Denne arten er viktig for både sportsfiske og kommersielt fiske. I 2010 var verdensfangsten på 16 092 tonn. Fisket er viktigst i Mexico og Brasil.

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Cá thu vua ( Vietnamese )

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Cá thu vua (danh pháp hai phần: Scomberomorus cavalla) là một loài cá trong họ Cá thu ngừ. Cá thu vua phân bố ở phía tây Đại Tây DươngVịnh Mexico. Nó là một loài hải sản quan trọng đối với cả thương mại và giải trí.

Cá thu vua là một loài cá có kích thước trung bình, thường nặng 30 pound, nhưng được biết là vượt quá 90 pound. Toàn bộ cơ thể được bao phủ bởi vảy rất nhỏ, hầu như không thể nhìn thấy, dính lỏng lẻo.

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Cá thu vua: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

provided by wikipedia VI

Cá thu vua (danh pháp hai phần: Scomberomorus cavalla) là một loài cá trong họ Cá thu ngừ. Cá thu vua phân bố ở phía tây Đại Tây DươngVịnh Mexico. Nó là một loài hải sản quan trọng đối với cả thương mại và giải trí.

Cá thu vua là một loài cá có kích thước trung bình, thường nặng 30 pound, nhưng được biết là vượt quá 90 pound. Toàn bộ cơ thể được bao phủ bởi vảy rất nhỏ, hầu như không thể nhìn thấy, dính lỏng lẻo.

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Королевская макрель ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
 src=
Королевская макрель — ценный трофей

Взаимодействие с человеком

Ценная промысловая рыба. Промысел ведётся кошельковыми неводами, жаберными сетями и удебными средствами. Жаберными сетями добывают в основном рыб в возрасте 2—4 года (88 % улова), тогда как более зрелые особи чаще попадаются на крючок[4]. Королевская макрель поступает на рынок в основном в свежем виде, а также в мороженом, копчёном, консервированном и солёном виде. В некоторых районах мясо этих рыб может содержать сигуатоксин[2]. Международный союз охраны природы присвоил виду охранный статус «Вызывающий наименьшие опасения»[3].

Примечания

  1. Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 364. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
  2. 1 2 Королевская макрель (англ.) в базе данных FishBase.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Scomberomorus cavalla (англ.). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Bruce B. Collette, Cornelia E. Nauen. Scombrids of the world. An annotated and illustrated catalogue of tunas, mackerels, bonitos and related species known to date. — FAO species catalogue. — Rome, 1983. — Vol. 2. — P. 59—68.
  5. Г. Линдберг, З. Красюкова. 4 // Рыбы Японского моря и сопредельных частей Охотского и Желтого морей. — Определители по фауне СССР, издаваемые зоологическим институтом АН СССР. — Ленинград: Наука, 1975. — С. 285—293. — 451 с. — ISBN 9785458519892.
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Королевская макрель: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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大耳馬鮫 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Scomberomorus cavalla
Cuvier, 1832

大耳馬鮫輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鯖亞目鯖科的其中一,分布於西大西洋區,從加拿大巴西聖保羅海域,本魚腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂,泳鰾不存在,側線突然彎曲的向下在第二背鰭鰭之下,成魚有沒有黑色的區域在第一背鰭上的較前端,身體完全地覆蓋著鱗片,背鰭硬棘12-18枚; 背鰭軟條15-18枚;臀鰭硬棘2枚;臀鰭軟條16-20枚;脊椎骨41-43個,體長可達184公分,棲息在沿岸海域,會進行迴游,屬肉食性,以魚類頭足類為食,可做為食用魚、遊釣魚。

参考文献

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大耳馬鮫: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

大耳馬鮫為輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鯖亞目鯖科的其中一,分布於西大西洋區,從加拿大巴西聖保羅海域,本魚腹鰭間的突起小而兩裂,泳鰾不存在,側線突然彎曲的向下在第二背鰭鰭之下,成魚有沒有黑色的區域在第一背鰭上的較前端,身體完全地覆蓋著鱗片,背鰭硬棘12-18枚; 背鰭軟條15-18枚;臀鰭硬棘2枚;臀鰭軟條16-20枚;脊椎骨41-43個,體長可達184公分,棲息在沿岸海域,會進行迴游,屬肉食性,以魚類頭足類為食,可做為食用魚、遊釣魚。

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Diet

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Feeds primarily on fishes with smaller quantities of penaeid shrimps and squids

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Kennedy, Mary [email]

Distribution

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Western Atlantic: Massachusetts, USA to São Paulo, Brazil; as strays to the southern Gulf of Maine

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

provided by World Register of Marine Species
Often found in outer reef areas. Larvae are encountered in surface waters of 26.3° to 31°C and 26.9 to 35 ppt.

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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Habitat

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nektonic

Reference

North-West Atlantic Ocean species (NWARMS)

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