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Erect Prickly Pear

Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.

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Opuntia stricta hybridizes with O. engelmannii (apparently var. lindheimeri) forming O. ×alta Griffiths (as species) along the coast of southeastern Texas and adjacent Louisiana. The hexaploid hybrid is arborescent to 3 m; it has stem segments subcircular to oblong-ovate, with a glochid pattern intermediate of the putative parents, all yellow spines, and light green stigma lobes.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 125, 127, 133 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Shrubs, sprawling or erect, to 2 m. Stem segments not dis-articulating, green, flattened, narrowly elliptic or obovate, 10-25(-40) × 7.5-15(-25) cm, tuberculate, making margins appear scalloped between raised areoles, glabrous; areoles 3-5 per diagonal row across midstem segment, oval, 3-6.5 × 3.5 mm; wool dense, tan. Spines 0-11 per areole, in nearly all areoles to only in some marginal areoles or absent, spreading in all directions, yellow, aging brown, straight or curving, the longest stout, oval in cross section, 12-40(-60) mm, not markedly barbed. Glochids in-conspicuous, few to many in crescent at adaxial edge of areole, yellow, aging brown, often incurved, subequal to increasing in length toward adaxial edge of areole, to 4 mm. Flowers: inner tepals light yellow throughout, 25-30 mm; filaments yellow; anthers yellow; style and stigma lobes yellowish. Fruits purplish throughout, stipitate, ellipsoid or barrel-shaped, 40-60 × 25-30(-40) mm, juicy, spineless; areoles 6-10. Seeds tan, subcircular, 4-5 × 4-4.5 mm, with slightly irregular surface; girdle protruding to 1 mm. 2n = 44 (cultivated), 66.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 125, 127, 133 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Distribution

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Ala., Fla., Ga., S.C., Tex.; Mexico; West Indies; Central America; South Africa (introduced); Australia (introduced).
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 125, 127, 133 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flowering/Fruiting

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Flowering spring-summer (Feb-Jul).
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 125, 127, 133 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Habitat

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Coastal sand dunes, hammocks, edges of maritime forests, shell middens; 0m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of North America Vol. 4: 125, 127, 133 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Synonym

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Cactus strictus Haworth, Misc. Nat., 188. 1803; Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawler) Haworth; O. inermis (de Candolle) de Candolle; O. stricta var. dillenii (Ker Gawler) L. D. Benson
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of North America Vol. 4: 125, 127, 133 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
source
Flora of North America @ eFloras.org
editor
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Opuntia stricta ( Asturian )

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El nopal tunero costeru[1] Opuntia stricta (Haw.), ye una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae. Ta incluyíu na llista 100 de les especies exótiques invasores más dañibles del mundu[2] de la Unión Internacional pal Caltenimientu de la Naturaleza.

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Opuntia

Distribución

Natives de Norteamérica en Méxicu, Estaos Xuníos y Cuba.

Polos sos usos foi distribuyida llargamente fora de la so área orixinal. Por cuenta de el so potencial colonizador y constituyir una amenaza grave pa les especies autóctones, los hábitats o los ecosistemes, foi catalogada nel Catálogu Español d'Especies exótiques Invasores, aprobáu por Real Decretu 1628/2011, de 14 de payares, tando prohibida n'España la so introducción nel mediu natural, posesión, tresporte, tráficu y comerciu.

Descripción

Ye una planta rastrera ensundiosa armada d'escayos, de color púrpura y flores de color naranxa y mariellu.

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Gritos de la Opuntia

Taxonomía

Opuntia stricta foi descrita por (Willd.) Sweet y publicáu en Hortus Britannicus 1: 172. 1826.[3]

Etimoloxía

Opuntia: nome xenéricu que provien del griegu usáu por Plinio el Viejo pa una planta que creció alredor de la ciudá de Opus en Grecia.[4]

stricta: epítetu llatín que significa "erecta".[5]

Sinonimia
  • Cactus opuntia var. inermis DC.
  • Cactus strictus Haw.
  • Cephalocereus strictus (Willd.) Borg
  • Cereus mollis Pfeiff.
  • Cereus nigricans Pfeiff.
  • Cereus strictus (Willd.) DC.
  • Consolea bahamana (Britton & Rose) A.Berger
  • Opuntia anahuacensis Griffiths
  • Opuntia inermis (DC.) DC.
  • Pilocereus flavispinus Rümpler
  • Pilocereus nigricans Sencke ex Lem.[6]

Ver tamién

Referencies

  1. Natural Standard, Nopal (Opuntia)
  2. Lowe S., Browne M., Boudjelas S., De Poorter M. (2000). 100 de las Especies Exóticas Invasoras más dañinas del mundo.
  3. «Opuntia stricta». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultáu'l 15 de xineru de 2013.
  4. en Nombres Botánicos
  5. en Epítetos Botánicos
  6. Opuntia stricta en PlantList

Enllaces esternos

  • http://cactiguide.com/cactus/?genus=Opuntia&species=stricta
  • http://www.catalogueoflife.org/show_species_details.php?record_díi=700027
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Opuntia stricta: Brief Summary ( Asturian )

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El nopal tunero costeru Opuntia stricta (Haw.), ye una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae. Ta incluyíu na llista 100 de les especies exótiques invasores más dañibles del mundu de la Unión Internacional pal Caltenimientu de la Naturaleza.

 src= Opuntia
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Opuntia stricta ( German )

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Opuntia stricta ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung der Opuntien (Opuntia) aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton stricta bedeutet ‚dicht, straff, stramm, steif, fest‘. Die Art wurde weltweit durch den Menschen verbreitet und entwickelte sich Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in Australien zu einer als Unkraut bekämpften Plage. Trivialnamen sind „Coastal Prickly Pear“ und „Yaaxpakan“.

Beschreibung

Opuntia stricta wächst strauchig, der Länge nach hingestreckte bis etwas aufrecht und erreicht Wuchshöhen von 0,5 bis 3,5 Metern. Die kahlen, abgeflachten, eiförmigen bis umgekehrt-eiförmigen, an der Basis verjüngten Triebabschnitte sind blaugrün. Sie sind 10 bis 25 Zentimeter lang und 6 bis 25 Zentimeter breit. Die bräunlichen Areolen stehen weit auseinander. Sie tragen auffallende, gelbe Glochiden die 2 bis 6 Millimeter lang werden. Die 1 bis 5 pfriemlichen, abgeflachten, an der Spitze mit einem leichten Widerhaken versehenen Dornen sind gelb. Sie stehen senkrecht auf der Oberfläche der Triebe und sind 0,5 bis 5 Zentimeter lang.

Die gelben bis gelblich orangen Blüten erreichen eine Länge von 5 bis 6 Zentimeter und einen Durchmesser von 4 bis 6 Zentimeter. Die violettroten, glatten Früchte sind umgekehrt-eiförmig und an der Basis verjüngt. Sie sind 2,5 bis 3,5 Zentimeter lang und mit reichlich Glochiden bedeckt.

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 22, 44 oder 66.[1]

Verbreitung, Systematik und Gefährdung

Opuntia stricta ist im Südosten der Vereinigten Staaten, im Osten Mexikos und auf Kuba verbreitet. Die Art wurde weltweit durch den Menschen verbreitet.

Die Erstbeschreibung als Cactus strictus wurde 1803 von Adrian Hardy Haworth veröffentlicht.[2] 1812 stellte er die Art dann in die Gattung Opuntia.[3]

In der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN wird die Art als „Least Concern (LC)“, d. h. als nicht gefährdet geführt. Die Entwicklung der Population wird als zunehmend angesehen.[4]

Nachweise

Literatur

  • Opuntia stricta. In: Edward F. Anderson: The Cactus Family. Timber Press: Portland (Oregon), 2001, S. 520 f. ISBN 0-88192-498-9.
  • Opuntia stricta Haworth In: N. L. Britton, J. N. Rose: The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family. Band I, Washington, 1919, S. 161 f.

Einzelnachweise

  1. Opuntia stricta bei Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis.
  2. Miscellanea naturalia: sive dissertationes variæ ad historiam naturalem spectantes. London 1803, S. 188 (online).
  3. Synopsis plantarum succulentarum cum descriptionibus synonymis locis, observationibus anglicanis culturaque. London 1812 (online).
  4. Opuntia stricta in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2014.3. Eingestellt von: Durán, R., Gómez-Hinostrosa, C., Hernández, H.M., Tapia, J.L., Terrazas, T. & Loaiza, C., 2013. Abgerufen am 11. Januar 2015.

Weiterführende Literatur

  • L. C. Foxcroft, M. Rouget, D. M. Richardson, S. MacFadyen: Reconstructing 50 years of Opuntia stricta invasions in the Kruger National Park, South Africa: environmental determinants and propagule pressure. In: Diversity and Distributions. Band 10, Nummer 5–6, 2004, S. 427–437 (doi:10.1111/j.1366-9516.2004.00117.x).
  • A. Monteiro, V. M. Cheia, T. Vasconcelos, I. Moreira: Management of the invasive species Opuntia stricta in a Botanical Reserve in Portugal. In: Weed Research. Band 45, Nummer 3, 2005, S. 193–201 (doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2005.00453.x).
  • Meredith Robbins, Tom E. X. Miller: Patterns of Ant Activity on Opuntia stricta (Cactaceae), a Native Host-Plant of the Invasive Cactus Moth, Cactoblastis cactorum (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). In: Florida Entomologist. Band 92, Nummer 2, 2009, S. 391–393 (doi:10.1653/024.092.0231).

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Opuntia stricta: Brief Summary ( German )

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Opuntia stricta ist eine Pflanzenart in der Gattung der Opuntien (Opuntia) aus der Familie der Kakteengewächse (Cactaceae). Das Artepitheton stricta bedeutet ‚dicht, straff, stramm, steif, fest‘. Die Art wurde weltweit durch den Menschen verbreitet und entwickelte sich Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts in Australien zu einer als Unkraut bekämpften Plage. Trivialnamen sind „Coastal Prickly Pear“ und „Yaaxpakan“.

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நாகதாளி ( Tamil )

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நாகதாளி (Opuntia stricta) அல்லது சப்பாத்திக்கள்ளி என்பது கள்ளி இனத்தைச் சேர்ந்த தாவரமாகும். இது 2 மீட்டர் (6.6 அடி) வரை வளரக்கூடியதும், இலையுதிர் காலத்திலும் கோடை காலத்திலும் எலுமிச்சை மஞ்சள் நிறத்தில் பூக்களை உருவாக்கி, நீலங் கலந்த கருஞ்சிவப்பு நிறத்தில் பழங்களை உருவாக்கும். இத்தாவரம் அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் ஆசியாவில் காணப்படுகின்றது.

உசாத்துணை

  1. "Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture (2003-08-29). பார்த்த நாள் 2009-12-05.
  2. "Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.". ITIS Standard Report. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. பார்த்த நாள் 2009-12-03.
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நாகதாளி: Brief Summary ( Tamil )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

நாகதாளி (Opuntia stricta) அல்லது சப்பாத்திக்கள்ளி என்பது கள்ளி இனத்தைச் சேர்ந்த தாவரமாகும். இது 2 மீட்டர் (6.6 அடி) வரை வளரக்கூடியதும், இலையுதிர் காலத்திலும் கோடை காலத்திலும் எலுமிச்சை மஞ்சள் நிறத்தில் பூக்களை உருவாக்கி, நீலங் கலந்த கருஞ்சிவப்பு நிறத்தில் பழங்களை உருவாக்கும். இத்தாவரம் அமெரிக்கா மற்றும் ஆசியாவில் காணப்படுகின்றது.

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ကုလားဇော ( Burmese )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

ချုံနွယ်မျိုး ဖြစ်သည်။ အခက်အလက်တို့သည် အပင်ရင်းမှ ထွက်သည်။ အရှည် ၃ ပေခန့် ရှိသည်။ အပွင့်သည် ဝါသည်။ အသီးမှည့်သော အခါ ခရမ်းရောင် ဖြစ်သွားသည်။[၃]

ကိုးကား

  1. Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.Germplasm Resources Information Network။ United States Department of Agriculture (2003-08-29)။ 2009-12-05 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  2. Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.ITIS Standard Report။ Integrated Taxonomic Information System။ 2009-12-03 တွင် ပြန်စစ်ပြီး။
  3. အရှင်နာဂသေနာဘိဝံသ (ဓမ္မာစရိယ) ၊ (မြန်မာသက္ကရာဇ် ၁၃၁၈)၊ " အရှင်နာဂသိန် ပုံပြဆေးအဘိဓာန် " ၊ မင်္ဂလာ ပုံနှိပ်တိုက်
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ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားစာရေးသူများနှင့်အယ်ဒီတာများ

ကုလားဇော: Brief Summary ( Burmese )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

ချုံနွယ်မျိုး ဖြစ်သည်။ အခက်အလက်တို့သည် အပင်ရင်းမှ ထွက်သည်။ အရှည် ၃ ပေခန့် ရှိသည်။ အပွင့်သည် ဝါသည်။ အသီးမှည့်သော အခါ ခရမ်းရောင် ဖြစ်သွားသည်။

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ဝီကီပီးဒီးယားစာရေးသူများနှင့်အယ်ဒီတာများ

Opuntia stricta

provided by wikipedia EN

Opuntia stricta is a species of large cactus that is endemic to the subtropical and tropical coastal areas of the Americas, especially around the Caribbean.[2] Common names include erect prickly pear and nopal estricto (Spanish).[4] The first description as Cactus strictus was published in 1803 by Adrian Hardy Haworth. In 1812 he moved the species to the genus Opuntia.

Description

Close up of flower

It is a shrubby, erect plant, extending lengthwise to somewhat upright and reach heights of growth up to 2 m (6.6 ft) in height, producing lemon yellow flowers in the spring and summer, followed by purplish-red fruits. It is quick to colonize hot, open environments with sandy soils. The bald, flattened, ovate to inverted egg-shaped, tapered at the base shoot sections are blue-green. They are 25 to 64 cm (10 to 25 inches) long and 15 to 64 cm (6 to 25 inches) inches wide. The brownish areoles are far apart leaving most of the epidermis, with often one or more yellowish spines, at least near the edges and towards the apex. They carry striking, yellow glochids that are 2 to 6 mm (0.079 to 0.236 inches) long. The 1 to 5 awl-shaped spur is flattened, provided with a light barb at the top thorns are yellow. They are perpendicular to the surface of the shoots and are 1.3 to 12.7 cm (0.5 to 5 inches) long.[5]

The yellow to yellowish orange flowers, which are solitary and formed by numerous membranous parts, reach a length of 13 to 15 cm (5 to 6 inches) and a diameter of 10 to 15 cm (4 to 6 inches). The flowers are ephemeral and melliferous. The purple-red, smooth fruits are inverted-egg-shaped and tapered at the base. They are 6.4 to 8.9 cm (2.5 to 3.5 inches) inches long and covered with plenty of glochids and are more or less pyriform, always purple in color, 4 to 6 cm (1.6 to 2.4 inches) in length and contain from 60 to 180 seeds (which may remain viable for more than 10 years), yellow to light brown, incorporated into the fruit pulp. As fruits are appreciated by birds and mammals, their seeds are dispersed by animals. The mucilage inside the leaves is used to treat burns and abscesses. It is edible in the same way as fruits.[6]

Distribution

Opuntia stricta occurs naturally in coastal beach scrub and sandy coastal environments in South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and along the Gulf Coast in Texas, Mississippi, and Alabama in the United States, as well as Bermuda, the Caribbean, eastern Mexico, Central America, and northern South America (in Venezuela and Ecuador). O. stricta is a major component in the understory of Bahamian dry forests in the Bahamas and the Turks and Caicos Islands.[7]

Invasive species

Fruit

Opuntia stricta has been introduced to other parts of the world, including Africa (including Madagascar),[8] Australia and southern Asia. O. stricta is considered an invasive species in South Africa and Kenya.[9] In Australia it has been the subject of one of the first effective biological control exercises using the moth Cactoblastis cactorum.[2] It was declared a Weed of National Significance by the Australian Weeds Committee in April 2012, but continues to be kept under control by the use of the Cactoblastis moth and a cochineal insect, Dactylopius opuntiae.[10]

In Sri Lanka it has overgrown a 30 kilometres (20 mi) long coastal area between Hambantota and Yala National Park, especially in Bundala National Park, a Ramsar wetland site. It has overgrown several hundreds of hectares (acres) of sand dune areas and adjoining scrub forests and pasture lands. Some areas are so densely covered that they are completely inaccessible for humans and animals. The seeds are spread by macaque monkeys, and perhaps other animals and birds, that eat the large fruits. It is also spread by people cutting down the cactus but leaving the cuttings, which then re-sprout where they have fallen. No control measures have been carried out except some costly manual removal of about 10 hectares (25 acres) on the dunes near Bundala village. The cactus is due to invade Yala National Park.[11]

The opposite problem has been encountered in Texas, where Cactoblastis cactorum was first found in Brazoria County in 2017. This species of moth is highly destructive to this (and other) species of cactus native to the southern United States and northern Mexico.[12]

See also

References

  1. ^ Durán, R.; Gómez-Hinostrosa, C.; Hernández, H.M.; Tapia, J.L.; Terrazas, T.; Loaiza, C. (2017) [amended version of 2013 assessment]. "Opuntia stricta". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2017: e.T152773A121609630. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-3.RLTS.T152773A121609630.en. Retrieved 28 November 2022.
  2. ^ a b c "Opuntia stricta". Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). Agricultural Research Service (ARS), United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). Retrieved 2009-12-05.
  3. ^ "Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw". Plants of the World Online. Kew Science. Retrieved 2021-03-11.
  4. ^ "Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw". ITIS Standard Report. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
  5. ^ Opuntia stricta . In: Edward F. Anderson : The Cactus Family . Timber Press: Portland, Oreg., 2001, p. 520 f. ISBN 0-88192-498-9
  6. ^ Bernard Suprin, Arabian plants in New Caledonia, Noumea, Editions Photosynthesis2013, 382 p. ( ISBN 9782952731638 ), p. 188
  7. ^ Opuntia stricta Haworth In: NL Britton, JN Rose : The Cactaceae. Descriptions and Illustrations of Plants of the Cactus Family . Washington, 1919, Volume I, p. 161 f.
  8. ^ "Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw". GBIF. Retrieved 2021-11-01.
  9. ^ "Bug v killer cactus: Kenyan herders fight to stop a plant destroying their way of life". Retrieved 2022-06-06.
  10. ^ "Weeds Australia - Weed Identification - Prickly Pear (common)". web.archive.org. 2012-05-04. Retrieved 2023-02-12.
  11. ^ Lalith Gunasekera, Invasive Plants: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009, pp. 84–85. A biodiversity status profile of Bundala National Park : a Ramsar national wetland of Sri Lanka Bambaradeniya, Channa N.B.; Ekanayake, S.P.; Fernando, R.H.S.S.; Perera, W.P.N.; Somaweera, R. Colombo : IUCN Sri Lanka, 2002. ISBN 955-8177-16-4
  12. ^ "Cactus moths". Brackenridge Field Laboratory. The University of Texas at Austin. Retrieved 2021-03-13.

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Opuntia stricta: Brief Summary

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Opuntia stricta is a species of large cactus that is endemic to the subtropical and tropical coastal areas of the Americas, especially around the Caribbean. Common names include erect prickly pear and nopal estricto (Spanish). The first description as Cactus strictus was published in 1803 by Adrian Hardy Haworth. In 1812 he moved the species to the genus Opuntia.

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Opuntia stricta ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El nopal tunero costero o 'chumbera' en España, [1]​ (Opuntia stricta (Haw.)) es una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae. Está incluido en la lista 100 de las especies exóticas invasoras más dañinas del mundo[2]​ de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza.

Distribución

Nativas de Norteamérica en México, Estados Unidos y Cuba.

Por sus usos ha sido distribuida ampliamente fuera de su área original. Debido a su potencial colonizador y constituir una amenaza grave para las especies autóctonas, los hábitats o los ecosistemas, esta especie ha sido incluida en el Catálogo Español de Especies Exóticas Invasoras, regulado por el Real Decreto 630/2013, de 2 de agosto, estando prohibida en España su introducción en el medio natural, posesión, transporte, tráfico y comercio, con la salvedad de las Islas Canarias para esta especie.[3]

Descripción

Es un planta rastrera suculenta armada de espinas, de color púrpura y flores de color naranja y amarillo.

Taxonomía

Opuntia stricta fue descrita por (Willd.) Sweet y publicado en Hortus Britannicus 1: 172. 1826.[4]

Etimología

Opuntia: nombre genérico que proviene del griego usado por Plinio el Viejo para una planta que creció alrededor de la ciudad de Opus en Grecia.[5]

stricta: epíteto latino que significa "erecta".[6]

Sinonimia
  • Cactus opuntia var. inermis DC.
  • Cactus strictus Haw.
  • Cephalocereus strictus (Willd.) Borg
  • Cereus mollis Pfeiff.
  • Cereus nigricans Pfeiff.
  • Cereus strictus (Willd.) DC.
  • Consolea bahamana (Britton & Rose) A.Berger
  • Opuntia anahuacensis Griffiths
  • Opuntia inermis (DC.) DC.
  • Pilocereus flavispinus Rümpler
  • Pilocereus nigricans Sencke ex Lem.[7]

Referencias

  1. Natural Standard, Nopal (Opuntia)
  2. Lowe S., Browne M., Boudjelas S., De Poorter M. (2000). 100 de las Especies Exóticas Invasoras más dañinas del mundo. Una selección del Global Invasive Species Database. Publicado por el Grupo Especialista de Especies Invasoras (GEEI), un grupo especialista de la Comisión de Supervivencia de Especies (CSE) de la Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza (UICN), 12pp. Primera edición, en inglés, sacada junto con el número 12 de la revista Aliens, diciembre de 2000. Versión traducida y actualizada: noviembre de 2004.
  3. «Real Decreto 630/2013, de 2 de agosto, por el que se regula el Catálogo español de especies exóticas invasoras.». Boletín Oficial del Estado.
  4. «Opuntia stricta». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 15 de enero de 2013.
  5. en Nombres Botánicos
  6. en Epítetos Botánicos
  7. Opuntia stricta en PlantList

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Opuntia stricta: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

El nopal tunero costero o 'chumbera' en España, ​ (Opuntia stricta (Haw.)) es una especie fanerógama perteneciente a la familia Cactaceae. Está incluido en la lista 100 de las especies exóticas invasoras más dañinas del mundo​ de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza.

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Opuntia stricta ( French )

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Opuntia stricta, l'Oponce stricte, originaire de l'Amérique centrale et du sud des États-Unis. Devenue envahissante en Afrique du Sud, en Australie et en Nouvelle-Calédonie, elle figure dans la liste, établie par l'IUCN, des 100 espèces parmi les plus envahissantes au monde[1].

Description

Photo des raquettes montrant les fruits pourpres caractéristiques.
Fruits et raquettes d’Opuntia stricta
 src=
Fleur

Aspect général

L'espèce se présente comme une plante grasse pérenne[2]. En Afrique du Nord[3], son port est plus ou moins ramassé et buissonnant.

Tiges

Les tiges, charnues et aplaties, forment des raquettes (cladodes) mesurent moins de 20-25 cm[réf. nécessaire]. Elles sont ornementées d’aréoles rares (< 100, voire 50 par face) laissant voir majoritairement l’épiderme, avec souvent une ou plusieurs épines jaunâtres, au moins près des bords et vers l’apex.

Fleurs

Les fleurs sont solitaires, formées par de nombreuses pièces membraneuses, rougeâtres à jaune clair. Leur diamètre est de 6 à 7 centimètres[2]. Elles sont éphémères et mellifères[4].

Fruits

Les fruits sont plus ou moins pyriformes, toujours de teinte pourpre. Ils mesurent 4 à 6 centimètres de longueur et contiennent de 60 à 180 graines (qui peuvent rester viables plus de 10 ans), jaune à marron clair, incorporées dans la pulpe du fruit. Les fruits étant appréciés par les oiseaux et les mammifères, leurs graines sont dispersées par zoochorie[2].

Utilisation

 src=
Opuntia stricta avec des fruits, Sète, France.

Pour certains ses fruits ont mauvais goût, pour d'autres ils ont un goût délicieux s'améliorant avec l'exposition au soleil. Des jus sont notamment vendus en France[5]. Les figues de Barbarie stricta ont notamment des teneurs en antioxydants (Bétalaines, flavonoïdes) beaucoup plus importantes que l'opuntia ficus indica[6],[7]. Les fruits d'opuntia stricta ont par le passé et de nos jours constitué une nourriture d'appoint en cas de famine, notamment à Madagascar[réf. nécessaire].

Le mucilage à l'intérieur des feuilles est utilisé pour soigner les brûlures et les abcès. Il est comestible au même titre que les fruits[4].

Répartition

 src=
Cladodes en train de pourrir à la suite de l'action de Cactoblastis cactorum

L'espèce est originaire d'Amérique Centrale et du sud des Etats-Unis, mais est à présent pantropicale[2]. Elle peut former des massifs impénétrables pour les hommes comme les animaux, et entrer en concurrence avec la flore locale ou parfois créer des zones de refuge.

Espèce envahissante

L'espèce est devenue envahissante dans de nombreuses zones géographiques, et figure dans la liste de l'IUCN des 100 espèces parmi les plus envahissantes au monde[1].

En Australie

Cette espèce a couvert jusqu'à 24 millions d'hectares en Australie en 1920. La lutte biologique avec la cochenille Cactoblastis cactorum a donné de bons résultats, les larves détruisant la plante en y creusant des tunnels, ouvrant la voie à des organismes pathogènes[2].

A Madagascar

Cet Opuntia (noms malgaches raketamena, raketadambo, mavozoloky, raketakendretevo[8]) pose un problème à Madagascar où il a été introduit et propagé. Il envahit rapidement les champs abandonnés où il a servi de clôture vivante. Il fait maintenant l'objet d'un programme d'éradication systèmatique par des moyens mécaniques[9].

En Nouvelle-Calédonie

Sur l'archipel calédonien, il s'est acclimaté vers 1950 et infeste jusqu'aux îlots, où il met notamment en danger l'habitat du Puffin fouquet[2].

Dans le Nord de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, la larve d'un lépidoptère permet de contrôler certains peuplements[2].

Le Code de l'environnement de la Province Sud interdit l’introduction dans la nature de cette espèce ainsi que sa production, son transport, son utilisation, son colportage, sa cession, sa mise en vente, sa vente ou son achat[10].

Liste des variétés

  • Opuntia stricta var. dillenii
  • Opuntia stricta var. stricta

Voir aussi

Notes et références

  1. a et b « Opuntia stricta (arbuste) », sur Global Invasive Species Database (GISD), 12 juin 2010 (consulté le 2 avril 2017).
  2. a b c d e f et g Groupe espèces envahissantes, Plantes envahissantes pour les milieux naturels de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, Agence pour la prévention et l'indemnisation des calamités agricoles ou naturelles (APICAN), janvier 2012, 222 p., pp. 134-135
  3. D'après la note d'Errol Vela
  4. a et b Bernard Suprin, Mille et une plantes en Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, Editions Photosynthèse, 2013, 382 p. (ISBN 9782952731638), p. 188
  5. « Jus De Figues De Barbarie », sur L'épineuse (consulté le 12 février 2022)
  6. (en) Andrea Gómez-Maqueo, Mario Soccio et M. Pilar Cano, « In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity of Opuntia spp. Fruits Measured by the LOX-FL Method and its High Sensitivity Towards Betalains », Plant Foods for Human Nutrition, vol. 76, no 3,‎ 1er septembre 2021, p. 354–362 (ISSN , PMID , PMCID , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 12 février 2022)
  7. (en) Iván Gómez-López, Gloria Lobo-Rodrigo, María P. Portillo et M. Pilar Cano, « Characterization, Stability, and Bioaccessibility of Betalain and Phenolic Compounds from Opuntia stricta var. Dillenii Fruits and Products of Their Industrialization », Foods, vol. 10, no 7,‎ juillet 2021, p. 1593 (DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 12 février 2022)
  8. On trouve le terme « raquette » malgachisé.
  9. d'après Per Larsson Introduced Opuntia spp. in Southern Madagascar: Problemms and opportunities" Swedish University of Agricultural Science, 2004 : étude très exhaustive.
  10. Code de l'environnement de la Province Sud, Nouméa, 2019, 346 p. (lire en ligne), p. 147

Références externes

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Opuntia stricta: Brief Summary ( French )

provided by wikipedia FR

Opuntia stricta, l'Oponce stricte, originaire de l'Amérique centrale et du sud des États-Unis. Devenue envahissante en Afrique du Sud, en Australie et en Nouvelle-Calédonie, elle figure dans la liste, établie par l'IUCN, des 100 espèces parmi les plus envahissantes au monde.

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Opuntia stricta ( Italian )

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Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. è una pianta appartenente alla famiglia Cactaceae, diffusa in Sud America, Nord America, America Centrale e Caraibi.[1]

Descrizione

Si tratta di una pianta dal fusto molto ramificato ed appiattito, dal portamento eretto o strisciante e che normalmente misura tra i 50–100 cm, ma può raggiungere i 2 metri di altezza. Le pale o cladodi, più lunghi che larghi (10–35 cm di lunghezza, 7–20 cm di larghezza e 10–20 mm di spessore), sono di colore verde o verde-bluastro. Sono senza peli e coperte di piccole strutture rialzate (areole) ricoperte da piccola setole spinose (glochidi). che a volte possono presentare una o due lunghe spine (2–4 cm di lunghezza). In primavera e in estate produce fiori (di 7 cm di lunghezza e 6–8 cm di diametro) di colore giallo brillante, ma che spesso presentano sfumature rosate o rossastre sui petali esterni. I frutti immaturi sono di colore verde, ma diventano rosso-violacei man mano che maturano. Queste bacche (4–8 cm di lunghezza e 2,5–4 cm di larghezza) sono carnose e a forma di uovo, di solito hanno punte leggermente depresse. La polpa dei frutti è rossastra o violacea e contiene un gran numero di semi. La pianta si riproduce per seme o attraverso le sue pale carnose, che una volta staccatesi producono radici. I semi si diffondono attraverso gli escrementi dei vari animali, uccelli e roditori che ne mangiano i frutti.

Distribuzione e habitat

Predilige zone semi-aride, regioni subtropicali, tropicali e temperate calde. La specie è nota per invadere pendii rocciosi e le rive dei fiumi, nonché zone degradate, boschi aperti, praterie, pascoli, zone ripariali; cresce anche sui bordi delle strade, lungo le linee ferroviarie, in ambienti costieri, giardini e così via. Opuntia stricta è diffusa negli Stati Uniti (Texas, Alabama, Georgia, Mississippi, Florida e Sud Carolina), nelle Bahamas, Bermuda, e nei Caraibi, in Messico, Venezuela ed Ecuador.
È stata introdotta in molte parti del mondo come in Africa, Europa (principalmente in Sardegna e in Sicilia) e nel sud dell'Asia. O. stricta è considerata una pianta invasiva in Sudafrica, Kenya e Australia dove è stata oggetto di uno dei primi esperimenti realmente efficaci di controllo biologico utilizzando la falena Cactoblastis cactorum.[2] È stata inserita nell'elenco delle 100 tra le specie esotiche invasive più dannose al mondo.

Storia

Opuntia stricta è una delle piante più infestanti mai importate in Australia. Essa ebbe un impatto devastante sulla vita rurale dell'isola: priva di nemici naturali e trovandosi in un ambiente a lei congeniale, incominciò rapidamente a diffondersi nelle campagne e nei boschi australiani, convertendosi in una grave piaga.

La prima pianta di O. stricta giunse in Australia con le 11 navi della Prima Flotta, nel gennaio del 1788. Allo scopo di installare sull'isola un'industria di tintura, l'allora governatore, il capitano Arthur Phillip, ebbe la brillante idea di importare dal Brasile una certa quantità di piante, infestate da cocciniglia. A quel tempo, il monopolio mondiale della tintura di cocciniglia era in mano alle industrie spagnole e portoghesi. La tintura rossa ricavata dagli insetti era importante per l'industria tessile e manifatturiera. Il colorante ricavato dalla spremitura degli insetti di cocciniglia era utilizzato per tingere le uniformi rosse dei soldati dell'esercito britannico e il Governo Britannico decise, quindi, di installare nella nuova colonia la propria fonte di rifornimento. Su incitamento di Sir Joseph Banks l'industria fu costruita presso la Botany Bay, attualmente parco nazionale a circa 15 chilometri dal centro di Sydney, luogo dove il capitano James Cook era sbarcato per la prima volta il 28 aprile del 1770, e dove la stessa Prima Flotta era sbarcata. Poco si sa di questa prima piantagione, ma è stato stabilito che la specie di Opuntia era la cosiddetta smooth tree pear (Opuntia vulgaris), che si può ancora trovare lungo le coste del Nuovo Galles del Sud, ma non si rivelò mai un serio problema.
La specie che sconvolse l'Australia tra il 1900 e il 1930 fu la Opuntia stricta. Agli inizi del 1800, essa fu coltivata come pianta da frutta in una proprietà nel distretto di Parramatta. Si ha, inoltre, registrazione di una pianta che, nel 1839, fu trasferita da Parramatta a Scone, nel Nuovo Galles del Sud. Li fu piantata e cresciuta, prima in un giardino di una stazione, in seguito in vari terreni recintati, con l'idea che avrebbe potuto rappresentare un buon approvvigionamento per le scorte di cibo durante le annate più magre. Nel 1848, piante di O. stricta furono trasferite da Sydney a Warwick, nel Queensland, allo scopo di utilizzarle come piante da giardino, indicate per le siepi e recinzioni. Essa si acclimatò e si diffuse velocemente. I frutti venivano mangiati, le siepi potate e i resti gettati nei boschi. In questo modo, semi, mozziconi di cactus, talee e pale dell'Opuntia potevano radicare con facilità. Il clima favorevole e la totale mancanza di nemici naturali, rappresentarono le cause principali del sorprendente diffondersi di questa pianta.
L'Opuntia stricta cominciò a causare preoccupazione attorno al 1870, ma bisognò aspettare fino al 1886 perché fosse emanata la prima legge sulla sua distruzione, che obbligava i proprietari terrieri e i residenti delle campagne a distruggere il cactus. Nel 1925 il suo proliferare era fuori da ogni controllo: 25 milioni di ettari erano invasi dalla pianta, ed essa si stava diffondendo ad un ritmo di mezzo milione di ettari all'anno. L'intricato bosco di cactus era in gran parte completamente invalicabile, sia dal bestiame che dall'uomo. Le spine di questo cactus, molto piccole, causavano irritazione, ferite e infiammazioni, penetrando nella lingua e nella bocca degli animali che tentavano di mangiare la pianta. Si insinuavano inoltre tra la lana delle pecore, causando disagio sia alle bestie sia agli addetti alla tosatura. Tutto questo, ovviamente, rappresentava un problema economico tutt'altro che irrisorio.
I tentativi di disboscamento, sia meccanico che chimico non avevano dato grandi effetti positivi. Furono utilizzati drastici metodi come quello di irrorare le piante con i fumi di miscele di arsenico, fatto bollire in enormi calderoni. Nel 1926 il rapporto annuale della commissione di vigilanza del Queensland riporta che 9.450.000 tonnellate di Opuntia furono trattate con 31.100 barili (da 4,5 kg e 9 kg) di pentossido di arsenico e 27.950 fusti di veleno Roberts Improved Pear, fusti la cui capacità variava dai 9 ai 190 litri. Tra il 1926 e il 1927 sempre nel Queensland si eliminarono 48.951 emu, 40.944 corvi, 7.093 gazze 45.456 uova di emu, in quanto questi uccelli, nutrendosi dei frutti dell'Opuntia contribuivano alla diffusione delle infestanti piante.
La soluzione al problema venne attraverso la ricerca di un controllo biologico, al principio di questo secolo. Più di 150 specie di insetti che si alimentavano di Opuntia nelle sue zone di origine, gli Stati Uniti meridionali, furono presi in considerazione in test di laboratorio, e varie decine provate sul campo, senza grandi esiti. Nel 1914 un piccolo numero di larve della Cactoblastis cactorum, un lepidottero di origine argentina fu portato in Australia. Sfortunatamente le larve morirono prima di poter verificare l'effettività della loro azione.
Nel 1926 una nuova popolazione, composta da 2.750 uova di Cactoblastis, fu introdotta nell'isola dove, nel giro di 4 anni e in condizioni naturali, diedero origine a tre miliardi di uova, i quali furono distribuiti su di un'area maggiore. Le larve di Cactoblastis agiscono mangiano la pianta scavandola dall'interno; una colonia di larve ed è in grado di eliminare una grande pianta in poche settimane e 3 o 4 pale di Opuntia bastano ad una larva per svilupparsi completamente. Una volta che in una zona i cactus sono stati distrutti, la maggior parte degli insetti muore per mancanza di nutrimento, mentre i lepidotteri più resistenti riescono a raggiungere nuove piante, dove deporre le uova.

Per il 1930 il problema della O. stricta si era risolto con successo. Questo caso è spesso ricordato come un intervento di controllo biologico eseguito con successo.[3]

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Opuntia stricta, su Plants of the World Online, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. URL consultato il 13 marzo 2022.
  2. ^ Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw., su Germplasm Resources Information Network, United States Department of Agriculture, 29 agosto 2003. URL consultato il 24 agosto 2012.
  3. ^ J. H. Hoffmanna, V. C. Morana and D. A. Zellerb, Evaluation ofCactoblastis cactorum(Lepidoptera: Phycitidae) as a Biological Control Agent of Opuntia stricta (Cactaceae) in the Kruger National Park, South Africa, in Biological Control, vol. 12, n. 1, maggio 1998, pp. 20–24, DOI:10.1006/bcon.1998.0608.

Bibliografia

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Opuntia stricta: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. è una pianta appartenente alla famiglia Cactaceae, diffusa in Sud America, Nord America, America Centrale e Caraibi.

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Opuntia dillenii ( Portuguese )

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Opuntia dillenii é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Cactaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é (Ker Gawl.) Haw., tendo sido publicada em Supplementum Plantarum Succulentarum ... 79. 1819.

Portugal

Trata-se de uma espécie presente no território português, nomeadamente em Portugal Continental e no Arquipélago dos Açores.

Em termos de naturalidade é introduzida nas duas regiões atrás indicadas.

Protecção

Não se encontra protegida por legislação portuguesa ou da Comunidade Europeia.

Referências

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Opuntia dillenii: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Opuntia dillenii é uma espécie de planta com flor pertencente à família Cactaceae.

A autoridade científica da espécie é (Ker Gawl.) Haw., tendo sido publicada em Supplementum Plantarum Succulentarum ... 79. 1819.

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Xương rồng đất ( Vietnamese )

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Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Xương rồng (định hướng).

Xương rồng đất (danh pháp khoa học Opuntia stricta) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được (Haw.) Haw. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1812.[3]

Hình ảnh

Chú thích

  1. ^ Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.”. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. Ngày 29 tháng 8 năm 2003. Truy cập ngày 5 tháng 12 năm 2009.
  2. ^ Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.”. ITIS Standard Report. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Truy cập ngày 3 tháng 12 năm 2009.
  3. ^ The Plant List (2010). Opuntia stricta. Truy cập ngày 19 tháng 8 năm 2013.

Liên kết ngoài


Bài viết liên quan đến Họ Xương rồng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Xương rồng đất: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Đối với các định nghĩa khác, xem Xương rồng (định hướng).

Xương rồng đất (danh pháp khoa học Opuntia stricta) là một loài thực vật có hoa trong họ Cactaceae. Loài này được (Haw.) Haw. mô tả khoa học đầu tiên năm 1812.

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缩刺仙人掌 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科
二名法 Opuntia stricta
(Haw.) Haw.[1] 变种
  • O. s. var. dillenii (Ker Gawl.) L.D.Benson
  • O. s. var. dillenii (Haw.) Haw.[2]

缩刺仙人掌学名Opuntia strictus[3]),或稱刺抟团扇刺梨仙人掌澎湖紅蘋果神仙掌雷公刺,是仙人掌科仙人掌属的一個大型植物物種,原生於美洲大陸及加勒比海的亞帶與亞熱帶海岸[1],原生地是海地墨西哥[4]。這些植物可生長至2米(6.6英尺)高,春夏季會長有檸檬黃色的花朵,之後結成紫紅色的果實。這些果實內有暗刺的核,味道很酸。在台灣澎湖會將果實作成冰沙或冰淇淋賣給遊客。

本物種目前尚未由人工引种栽培,但在炎熱開揚的沙土上,這些植物會很快佔據並生長。目前本物種在斯里蘭卡為患,在其他國家也有被定為入侵物種

分佈

自然分佈

本物種在美國自然分佈於南卡羅萊納州喬治亞州佛羅里達州,以及墨西哥灣沿岸的得克薩斯州密西西比州阿拉巴馬州,亦分佈於巴哈馬百慕達及其他加勒比海國家,還有墨西哥東部、中美洲諸國、委內瑞拉北部及厄瓜多爾

 在索马里兰地区有大量的分布。 

入侵物種

 src=
在美國佛羅里達州北部一㮔長了果實的縮刺仙人掌

本物種曾被引入至世界多個部分,包括非洲歐洲南部及亞洲南部。在南非,本物種被視為入侵物種。在澳大利亞,當地透過引入一種名為仙人掌蛾Cactoblastis cactorum)的作為生物控制手段[1][5]。 It was declared a Weed of National Significance by the Australian Weeds Committee in April 2012, but continues to be kept under control by the use of the Cactoblastis moth and a cochineal insect, Dactylopius opuntiae.

在斯里蘭卡,縮刺仙人掌在HambantotaYala National Park之間的海岸地帶延綿30公里長,特別是在国际重要湿地名录之上的Bundala National Park。這種植物在當地數百公頃的沙丘地帶上大量生長,還入侵到周邊的灌木林及耕地。在某些地方,仙人掌濃密得不論人畜均被植物阻隔而無法深入。

種子由獼猴和其他可以吃大果的其他動物和鳥類傳播。它也被人們削減仙人掌,但留下了切割物,留在原地,然後重新發芽。除了在巴達拉村附近的沙丘上手工清除約10公頃的一些昂貴的手段外,沒有採取任何控制措施。 [6]

異名

本物種異名如下[1]

  • Cactus dillenii Ker Gawl.
  • Cactus strictus Haw.
  • Opuntia dillenii (Ker Gawl.) Haw.
  • Opuntia vulgaris var. balearica
  • Raketa Mena Madagascar

參考文獻

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.. Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2003-08-29 [2009-12-05]. (原始内容存档于2012-09-27) (英语).
  2. ^ Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw.. Integrated Taxonomic Information System. [2009-12-03] (英语).
  3. ^ Plant Name Details: Cactaceae Cactus strictus Haw.. The International Plant Names Index. 2015 [2017-03-07].;IPNI建議使用strictus而不是stricta
  4. ^ Opuntia stricta. Cactus and Succulent Field Number Query. [2017-03-07] (英语).
  5. ^ 澳大利亚曾经仙人掌成灾的故事是真实的吗?. 知乎. [2017-03-07] (中文(简体)‎).
  6. ^ Lalith Gunasekera, Invasive Plants: A guide to the identification of the most invasive plants of Sri Lanka, Colombo 2009, p. 84–85. A biodiversity status profile of Bundala National Park : a Ramsar national wetland of Sri Lanka Bambaradeniya, Channa N.B. ; Ekanayake, S.P. ; Fernando, R.H.S.S. ; Perera, W.P.N. ; Somaweera, R. Colombo : IUCN Sri Lanka, 2002. ISBN 955-8177-16-4.
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维基百科作者和编辑

缩刺仙人掌: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

缩刺仙人掌(学名:Opuntia strictus),或稱刺抟团扇、刺梨仙人掌、澎湖紅蘋果、神仙掌、雷公刺,是仙人掌科仙人掌属的一個大型植物物種,原生於美洲大陸及加勒比海的亞帶與亞熱帶海岸,原生地是海地墨西哥。這些植物可生長至2米(6.6英尺)高,春夏季會長有檸檬黃色的花朵,之後結成紫紅色的果實。這些果實內有暗刺的核,味道很酸。在台灣澎湖會將果實作成冰沙或冰淇淋賣給遊客。

本物種目前尚未由人工引种栽培,但在炎熱開揚的沙土上,這些植物會很快佔據並生長。目前本物種在斯里蘭卡為患,在其他國家也有被定為入侵物種

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维基百科作者和编辑

センニンサボテン ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
センニンサボテン
 src=
実をつけたセンニンサボテン
分類 : 植物界 Plantae : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida : ナデシコ目 Caryophyllales : サボテン科 Cactaceae : ウチワサボテン属 Opuntia : センニンサボテン O. stricta 学名 Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. シノニム

Opuntia dillenii
Opuntia vulgaris

英名 Araluen pear
Erect prickly pear
Opuntia12 filtered.jpg

センニンサボテン(学名:Opuntia stricta)は、サボテン科に分類されるサボテンの一種。アメリカ大陸原産だが、ヨーロッパアフリカオーストラリア日本などの世界各地に定着しており、侵略的な外来種として問題になっている。

分布[編集]

北アメリカ(南部)、中央アメリカ南アメリカバミューダ諸島キューバを原産地とする[1][2]

ヨーロッパ(ポルトガルスペイン)、アフリカ(エリトリアエチオピアソマリア南アフリカスワジランド)、イエメン、オーストラリア、ニューカレドニアソロモン諸島香港、日本(北大東島宮古島沖縄本島)などに移入分布する[1][3]

特徴[編集]

多年生草本。2mほどの高さまで生長する。黄色や赤みがかった花を咲かせる。

農耕地、草地、牧草地、低木林、市街地、海岸砂丘など幅広い環境に生育する[4]。果実を食べに来た鳥類によって種子が散布されるほか、栄養繁殖も可能である。

外来種問題[編集]

在来種の植物の生育地を奪うなど世界中で植生に甚大な影響を与えていることが報告されている[3]。また、鋭い刺を持つため人や家畜が傷つく被害も起こっている[3]

国際自然保護連合が選定した世界の侵略的外来種ワースト100のひとつにリストされている。日本では外来生物法によって要注意外来生物に指定されている。

参考文献[編集]

  1. ^ a b センニンサボテン 国立環境研究所 侵入生物DB
  2. ^ USDA PLANTS Profile: Opuntia stricta
  3. ^ a b c 中村 剛・佐藤亜希子・小林 峻・伊澤雅子・傳田哲郎・横田昌嗣「「世界の侵略的外来種ワースト100」の1種センニンサボテンOpuntia stricta(サボテン科)の北大東島への侵入とその防除法」、『日本植物分類学会誌』第9巻第2号、^ 多紀保彦(監修) 財団法人自然環境研究センター(編著) 『決定版 日本の外来生物』 平凡社ISBN 978-4-582-54241-7。

 

 src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、センニンサボテンに関連するメディアおよびカテゴリがあります。  src= ウィキスピーシーズにセンニンサボテンに関する情報があります。 執筆の途中です この項目は、植物に関連した書きかけの項目です。この項目を加筆・訂正などしてくださる協力者を求めていますプロジェクト:植物Portal:植物)。
 title=
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cc-by-sa-3.0
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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語

センニンサボテン: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
Opuntia12 filtered.jpg

センニンサボテン(学名:Opuntia stricta)は、サボテン科に分類されるサボテンの一種。アメリカ大陸原産だが、ヨーロッパアフリカオーストラリア日本などの世界各地に定着しており、侵略的な外来種として問題になっている。

license
cc-by-sa-3.0
copyright
ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
visit source
partner site
wikipedia 日本語