The Phaneropterinae, the sickle-bearing bush crickets or leaf katydids, are a subfamily of insects within the family Tettigoniidae.[2][3] Nearly 2,060 species in 85 genera throughout the world are known. They are also known as false katydids[4] or round-headed katydids.[2]
The name Phaneropterinae is based upon the Old World genus Phaneroptera (type species P. falcata), meaning "visible wing";[5] this refers to the exposed tips of the inner wings seen in many species, although some genera, notably in the tribes Barbitistini and Odonturini have become brachypterous.
Adult Phaneropterinae species with eggs
Description
The legs of individuals in this subfamily vary from genus to genus, but, as in nearly all Orthoptera, the posterior (rear) legs are adapted to leaping, and as such are always much longer than other legs.
The Phaneropterinae are largely arboreal in habitat.[2] The vast majority of species live in shrubs and trees, feeding on leaves and twigs.[2] Some species might potentially cause significant damage, though usually superficial, when present in large numbers, but this is rare; they usually are solitary, unlike meadow grasshoppers, so much so that they seldom come to human notice.[2]
The ovipositor and male genitalia vary according to the genus. The Phaneropterinae differ from other subfamilies of Tettigoniidae (and other Orthoptera) in their oviposition; their eggs are rarely deposited in the earth, but are either glued in double rows to twigs, or are inserted in the edges of leaves.[2]
Taxonomy
The subfamily Phaneropterinae was first erected in 1838 by German zoologist Hermann Burmeister.[3] As of January 2019, Orthoptera Species File lists the following tribes, subtribes, genus groups, and genera.[3]
Acrometopini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Europe, the Middle East, Africa
-
Acrometopa Fieber, 1853
-
Altihoratosphaga Hemp, Voje, Heller & Hemp, 2010
-
Conchotopoda Karsch, 1887
-
Horatosphaga Schaum, 1853
-
Lamecosoma Ragge, 1960
-
Peronura Karsch, 1889
-
Peronurella Hemp, 2017
-
Prosphaga Ragge, 1960
-
Tenerasphaga Hemp, 2017
Amblycoryphini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Africa
Barbitistini
Auth.: Jacobson, 1905 – Europe to central Asia
-
Ancistrura Uvarov, 1921 - monotypic Ancistrura nigrovittata (Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878)
-
Andreiniimon Capra, 1937 - monotypic Andreiniimon nuptialis (Karny, 1918)
-
Barbitistes Charpentier, 1825
-
Dasycercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951 - monotypic Dasycercodes iranicus Bey-Bienko, 1951
-
Euconocercus Bei-Bienko, 1950
-
Isoimon Bei-Bienko, 1954 - monotypic Isoimon riabovi (Uvarov, 1927)
-
Isophya Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Kurdia Uvarov, 1916
-
Leptophyes Fieber, 1853
-
Metaplastes Ramme, 1939
-
Orthocercodes Bei-Bienko, 1951 - monotypic Orthocercodes zarudnyi (Uvarov, 1930)
-
Phonochorion Uvarov, 1916
-
Poecilimon Fischer, 1853
-
Polysarcus Fieber, 1853
Catoptropterigini
Auth.: Massa, 2016 – Africa
Ducetiini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, India, China, Indochina to Australia
-
Abaxisotima Gorochov, 2005
-
Agnapha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Ducetia Stål, 1874
-
Kuwayamaea Matsumura & Shiraki, 1908
-
Noia Walker, 1870
-
Paraducetia Gorochov & Kang, 2002
-
Paragnapha Willemse, 1923
-
Prohimerta Hebard, 1922
-
Shirakisotima Furukawa, 1963
-
Subibulbistridulous Shi, 2002
Dysoniini
Auth.: Rehn, 1950 – tropical Americas
- Genus group Dysonia (temporary)
- Genus group Markia Cadena-Castañeda, 2013
- Genus group Paraphidniae Cadena-Castañeda, 2016
- Genus group not assigned
-
Hammatofera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Quiva Hebard, 1927
-
Yungasacris Rehn, 1950
Ectemnini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – tropical Americas
Elimaeini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891 – Asia
Holochlorini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Asia-Pacific
-
Ancylecha Serville, 1838
-
Arantia Stål, 1874
-
Arnobia Stål, 1876
-
Calopsyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Casigneta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Cesasundana Koçak & Kemal, 2009
-
Dapanera Karsch, 1889
-
Elbenia Stål, 1876
-
Furnia Stål, 1876
-
Gonatoxia Karsch, 1889
-
Holochlora Stål, 1873
-
Leucopodoptera Rentz & Webber, 2003
-
Liotrachela Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Molpa Walker, 1870
-
Parapsyra Carl, 1914
-
Phaulula Bolívar, 1906
-
Phygela Stål, 1876
-
Poecilopsyra Dohrn, 1892
-
Pseudopsyra Hebard, 1922
-
Psyrana Uvarov, 1940
-
Rectimarginalis Liu & Kang, 2007
-
Ruidocollaris Liu, 1993
-
Sinochlora Tinkham, 1945
-
Stibaroptera Bolívar, 1906
-
Stictophaula Hebard, 1922
-
Sympaestria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Tapiena Bolívar, 1906
Insarini
Auth.: Rehn, & Hebard, 1914 – tropical & subtropical Americas
Kevaniellini
Auth.: Massa, 2017 – eastern Africa
Letanini
Auth.: Hebard, 1922 – Asia
Microcentrini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
-
Acropsis Uvarov, 1939
-
Anapolisia Piza, 1980
-
Apoballa Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Ischyra Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Lamprophyllum Hebard, 1924
-
Lobophyllus Saussure, 1859
-
Microcentrum Scudder, 1862
-
Petaloptera Saussure, 1859
-
Philophyllia Stål, 1873
-
Phoebolampta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Syntechna Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
Mirolliini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Asia
Morgeniini
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 - central and western Africa
Odonturini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas, Iberian peninsula, Africa, Pacific islands
- Genus group Dichopetala (temporary)
-
Acanthorintes Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
-
Dichopetala Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Gymnocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
-
Mactruchus Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
-
Obolopteryx Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
-
Planipollex Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
-
Pterodichopetala Buzzetti, Barrientos-Lozano & Rocha-Sánchez, 2010
-
Rhabdocerca Cohn, Swanson & Fontana, 2014
- Genus group not assigned
-
Odontura Rambur, 1838
-
Odonturoides Ragge, 1980
-
Paraperopyrrhicia Ebner, 1915
-
Peropyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Xenicola Uvarov, 1940
Otiaphysini
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 - Africa
Pardalotini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 - Africa
Percynini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
Phaneropterini
Auth.: Burmeister, 1838 – distributed worldwide
- Anaulacomerina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
- Pelecynotina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
- Viadanina Cadena-Castañeda, 2012 – Central and South America
- Subtribe not assigned
-
Agennis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Chloroscirtus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
-
Dioncomena Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Dithela Karsch, 1890
-
Eucatopta Karsch, 1889
-
Melidia Stål, 1876
-
Nephoptera Uvarov, 1929
-
Parapyrrhicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Phaneroptera Serville, 1831
-
Pigalua Massa, 2017
-
Pleothrix Ragge, 1980
-
Pseudophaneroptera Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Symmetrokarschia Massa, 2015
-
Symmetroraggea Massa, 2015
-
Xenodoxus Carl, 1914
Phlaurocentrini
Auth.: Karsch, 1889 – Africa
Phyllopterini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
- Phyllopterina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
-
Apocerycta Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Arota Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Cephalophylloptera Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
-
Hyperphrona Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Hyperphorina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
-
Itarissa Walker, 1869
-
Julchiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
-
Meneghelia Piza, 1980
-
Metaprosagoga Vignon, 1930
-
Phrixa Stål, 1874
-
Phylloptera Serville, 1831
-
Resecabimus Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
- Uberabina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – South America
Plagiopleurini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
Plangiopsidini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
Poreuomenini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa
Preussiini
Auth.: Karsch, 1890 – Africa
Pycnopalpini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2014 – Central and South America
- Pycnopalpina Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
- Theiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2014
Scudderiini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Americas
-
Aganacris Walker, 1871
-
Caroliniella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 (note: name conflict with Coleopteran)
-
Ceraia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Ceraiaella Hebard, 1933
-
Ctenophorema Piza, 1967
-
Euceraia Hebard, 1927
-
Harroweria Hebard, 1927
-
Homotoicha Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Inscudderia Caudell, 1921
-
Ligocatinus Rehn, 1901
-
Parascudderia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Phanerocercus Piza, 1980
-
Scudderia Stål, 1873
-
Theudoria Stål, 1874
-
Vellea Walker, 1869
-
Zenirella Piza, 1973
Steirodontini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
Terpnistrini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Sri Lanka
Trigonocoryphini
Auth.: Bei-Bienko, 1954 – Middle East, India, Malaysia
Tylopsidini
Auth.: Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Africa, Europe, Middle East, western Asia
Vossiini
Auth.: Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa, Asia
- Vossiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Africa
- Xantiina Cadena-Castañeda, 2015 – Asia
Zeuneriini
Auth.: Karsh, 1890 - tropical Africa
Genus groups
Subtribe Trachyzulphina Gorochov, 2014 – China, Indochina, Malesia
Genus groups include:
- Acridopezae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
- Aegimiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central and South America
- Aniarae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, E. Africa
- Centroferae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America
- Cosmophylla Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – South America, Madagascar, Australia
- Dysmorphae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Malesia
- Ephippithytae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Vietnam, Papua New Guinea, Australia
-
Alectoria Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879
-
Caedicia Stål, 1874
-
Currimundria Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008
-
Diastella Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Dicorypha Krauss, 1902
-
Ephippitytha Serville, 1838
-
Kurandoptera Rentz, Su & Ueshima, 2008
-
Polichne Stål, 1874
-
Protina Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1879
-
Symmachis Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878
-
Torbia Walker, 1869
- Eurypalpae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern China, Vietnam, Sumatra, Australia
- Isopserae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Eastern Africa, India, Indochina, Malesia
- Karschiae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
- Leptoderae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Malesia
- Pseudophaneropterae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Sri Lanka, Sumatra
- ScambophyllaBrunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Indochina, Malesia
- Scaphurae Westwood, 1838 – South America
- Taeniomenae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Australia
- Turpiliae Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878 – Central America, Caribbean
These genera have not been placed in a tribe:
-
Alloducetia Xia & Liu, 1992
-
Anchispora Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Angustithorax Massa, 2015
-
Anisotochra Karsch, 1889
-
Anormalous Liu, 2011
-
Aphroptera Bolívar, 1902
-
Astathomima Karny, 1929
-
Austrodontura Fontana & Buzzetti, 2004
-
Balneum Piza, 1967
-
Baryprostha Karsch, 1891
-
Bertius Piza, 1974
-
Bongeia Sjöstedt, 1902
-
Brinckiella Chopard, 1955
-
Brycoptera Ragge, 1981
-
Bueacola Sjöstedt, 1912
-
Chinensis Özdikmen, 2009
-
Chloroscirtus Saussure & Pictet, 1897
-
Choirorhynchus Piza, 1974
-
Conversifastigia Liu & Kang, 2008
-
Corycomima Karsch, 1896
-
Diastellidea Bolívar, 1902
-
Dicranopsyra Dohrn, 1892
-
Ectomoptera Ragge, 1980
-
Elbeniopsis Dohrn, 1906
-
Enthephippion Bruner, 1915
-
Ephippitythoidea Tepper, 1892
-
Eulioptera Ragge, 1956
-
Eulophophyllum Hebard, 1922
-
Euryastes Ragge, 1980
-
Euxenica Bruner, 1915
-
Execholyrus Henry, 1940
-
Gabonella Uvarov, 1940
-
Gatunella Uvarov, 1940
-
Gelatopoiidion Zacher, 1909
-
Gregoryella Uvarov, 1925
-
Harposcepa Karsch, 1896
-
Indogneta Ingrisch & Shishodia, 2000
-
Itokiia Sjöstedt, 1902
-
Ivensia Bolívar, 1890
-
Japygophana Carl, 1921
-
Khaoyaiana Ingrisch, 1990
-
Ladnea Walker, 1869
-
Lunidia Hemp, 2010
-
Macedna Karsch, 1891
-
Materuana Hemp, 2017
-
Meruterrana Sjöstedt, 1912
-
Milititsa Burr, 1900
-
Miltinobates Sjöstedt, 1902
-
Mimoscudderia Carl, 1914
-
Myllocentrum Ragge, 1962
-
Natricia Walker, 1869
-
Nesoscirtella Carl, 1914
-
Niphella Bolívar, 1900
-
Oxyecous Chopard, 1935
-
Paracaedicia Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1891
-
Parapelerinus Liu & Kang, 2008
-
Paraphylloptera Carl, 1914
-
Parapolichne Bolívar, 1902
-
Phaneroptila Uvarov, 1957
-
Physocorypha Karsch, 1896
-
Platycaedicia Hebard, 1922
-
Platylyra Scudder, 1898
-
Polygamus Carl, 1914
-
Procaedicia Bolívar, 1902
-
Pronomapyga Rehn, 1914
-
Pseudomacedna Liu, 2014
-
Pseudopreussia Hemp, 2017
-
Puerula Bolívar, 1906
-
Qinlingea Liu & Kang, 2007
-
Raggeiella Cadena-Castañeda, 2015
-
Raggophyllum Nickle, 1967
-
Sanabria Walker, 1869
-
Scolocerca Ragge, 1980
-
Semicarinata Liu & Kang, 2007
-
Sikoriella Carl, 1914
-
Stylomolpa Karny, 1926
-
Sympaestroides Willemse, 1942
-
Tamdaopteron Gorochov, 2005
-
Tropidonotacris Chopard, 1954
References
-
^ Burmeister H (1838) Handbuch der Entomologie 2 2(I-VIII):684
-
^ a b c d e f Blatchley WS. 1920. Orthoptera of northeastern America, Family VII. Tettigoniidae, Subfamily I, Phaneropterinae. Indianapolis, IN: Nature Publishing. 784 p. Phaneropterinae (pp. 459-494)
-
^ a b c Cigliano, M. M.; Braun, H.; Eades, D. C.; Otte, D. "subfamily Phaneropterinae Burmeister, 1838". orthoptera.speciesfile.org. Orthoptera Species File. Retrieved 4 January 2019.
-
^ Walker, Thomas J. "Singing Insects of North America (SINA), Phaneropterinae". Retrieved 2 January 2019.
-
^ Jaeger, Edmund Carroll (1959). A source-book of biological names and terms. Springfield, Ill: Thomas. ISBN 0-398-06179-3.