Myotis yumanensis is a small species of Myotis, with a body length of 84 to 99 mm and a tail length from 32 to 45 mm. Their forearms are 33 to 37 mm long and the overall wingspan is about 235 mm (Barbour, 1969). The skull is shortened (usually less than 14 mm) and does not have a sagittal crest. Teeth include somewhat small and separated incisors with dilambdodont molars. Other distinguishing features include an unkeeled calcar and no nose leaf (Nowak, 1991).
Myotis yumanensis has short fur shaded tan or brown on top, with whitish or buffy underparts (Whitaker, 1996). Yuma myotis resemble M. lucifugus but the latter is larger and has shinier fur.
Range mass: 5 to 7 g.
Range length: 84 to 99 mm.
Average wingspan: 235 mm.
Other Physical Features: endothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry
Sexual Dimorphism: sexes alike
Average basal metabolic rate: 0.047 W.
Average lifespan
Status: captivity: 8.8 years.
Myotis yumanensis is found in a variety of habitats, ranging from juniper and riparian woodlands to desert regions near open water (Nowak, 1991). One is almost guaranteed to find this species wherever there are rivers, streams, ponds, lakes, etc. In fact, M. yumanensis is more closely associated with water than any other North American species of bat (Barbour, 1969). When not near water over which to forage, these animals can be found in the thousands roosting in caves, attics, buildings, mines, underneath bridges, and other similar structures. Little is known about the migration of this species. However, it has been recorded in Texas as well as in its normal range during the winter season (Allen, 1994).
Habitat Regions: temperate ; terrestrial
Terrestrial Biomes: desert or dune ; savanna or grassland ; chaparral ; forest
Other Habitat Features: riparian
Myotis yumanensis is found in western North America, ranging from British Columbia to Central Mexico and eastward to Colorado (Whitaker, 1996) and as far east as Oklahoma (Barbour and Davis, 1969).
Biogeographic Regions: nearctic (Native )
Myotis yumanensis is a very efficient insectivorous feeder that begins foraging at dusk and usually finishes two hours after sunset (Barbour and Davis, 1969). These bats usually feed over water, and their prey primarily consists of moths, midges, caddisflies, craneflies, beetles and other various small insects (Whitaker, 1996). Like most bats, they locate insects in flight by emitting ultrasonic sounds (echolocation). Then they either catch the insects in their mouths or use their tail membranes as a pouch in which to snare larger prey.
Animal Foods: insects
Primary Diet: carnivore (Insectivore )
All insectivorous species of bats are seen as a safe and sensible means of pest control on agricultural crops. A Yuma myotis can consume up to half of its weight every night feeding on moths, beetles, flies, etc. (Nowak, 1991).
Positive Impacts: controls pest population
All bats, including Yuma myotis, have been known to carry diseases such as rabies, as well as mites, and fleas (Creech, 1996). This becomes problematic to humans mainly if they handle wild bats without prior knowledge of their health status.
Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings, causes disease in humans , carries human disease); causes or carries domestic animal disease
This species of Myotis is commonly observed. There has been a slight decline in the number of these bats due to destruction of suitable roosting sites.
Temperate North American bats are now threatened by a fungal disease called “white-nose syndrome.” This disease has devastated eastern North American bat populations at hibernation sites since 2007. The fungus, Geomyces destructans, grows best in cold, humid conditions that are typical of many bat hibernacula. The fungus grows on, and in some cases invades, the bodies of hibernating bats and seems to result in disturbance from hibernation, causing a debilitating loss of important metabolic resources and mass deaths. Mortality rates at some hibernation sites have been as high as 90%. While there are currently no reports of Myotis yumanensis mortalities as a result of white-nose syndrome, the disease continues to expand its range in North America.
US Federal List: no special status
CITES: no special status
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern
There are five subspecies of M. yumanensis in the United States: M. y. yumanensis (found in the southwestern desert), M. y. phasma ( found in Utah and Colorado), M. y. sociabilis (found in California and Canada), M. y. oxalis (found in the San Joaquin Valley), and M. y. saturatus ( found along the Northwestern Coast) (Barbour, 1969).
Communication Channels: tactile ; acoustic ; chemical
Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; ultrasound ; echolocation ; chemical
Mating System: polygynandrous (promiscuous)
Ovulation and fertilization occur only in the spring (Nowak, 1991). Sperm are held in the reproductive tract of females over the winter. Females give birth to only one young and usually do so between May and June (Allen, 1994). During birth, they sit upright and catch the newborn with the uropatagium (Creech, 1996). Females aggregate (in caves, abandoned buildings, or anywhere else that has a high and stable temperature of 86 to 131 F) in maternity roosts sometime around April (Whitaker, 1996). Males are usually absent from these maternity colonies and remain solitary as the young are being reared. During this time, almost all of the females in the population have a newborn (Barbour and Davis, 1969).
Breeding interval: Breeding occurs annually in these bats.
Breeding season: Breeding occurs in the fall, but ovulation and fertilization do not occur until the following spring.
Range number of offspring: 1 to 1.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 1 years.
Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 1 years.
Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous ; sperm-storing
Average number of offspring: 1.
Parental Investment: altricial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female)
El ratpenat de Yuma (Myotis yumanensis) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels vespertiliònids. Viu al Canadà, Mèxic i els Estats Units. Té una gran varietat d'hàbitats naturals, que van des dels boscos de Juniperus i riberencs fins a les regions desèrtiques situades a prop de masses d'aigua obertes. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.[1]
El ratpenat de Yuma (Myotis yumanensis) és una espècie de ratpenat de la família dels vespertiliònids. Viu al Canadà, Mèxic i els Estats Units. Té una gran varietat d'hàbitats naturals, que van des dels boscos de Juniperus i riberencs fins a les regions desèrtiques situades a prop de masses d'aigua obertes. Es creu que no hi ha cap amenaça significativa per a la supervivència d'aquesta espècie.
The Yuma myotis (Myotis yumanensis) is a species of vesper bat native to western North America.
The Yuma myotis is a relatively small myotis, measuring 3.9 to 4.8 cm (1.5 to 1.9 in) in head-body length, with an average wingspan of 24 cm (9.4 in) and a weight of about 6 g (0.21 oz). The simple dental formula of a bat species in the genus Myotis is 2.1.3.33.1.3.3, for a total of 38 teeth. This dental formula applies to Myotis yumanensis as well. Individuals vary in color across their range, and can be anything from dark brown to pale tan, or even greyish. The fur is short and dull, and significantly paler, sometimes even whitish, on the underside of the animal. The tail is 2.7 to 4.0 cm (1.1 to 1.6 in) in length, with only the tip extending beyond the edge of the uropatagium. The calcar is long, extending about 60% of the distance from the ankle to the tail, and, unlike that of many other North American species of Myotis, lacks a keel. The feet are large and broad, and the ears moderately long, with a slim, straight tragus. The head has a short, broad snout, and a rounded cranium.[2]
It is similar to Myotis occultus,[3] but most closely resembles the little brown bat, from which it can only be distinguished through the examination of a number of different features considered together.[4]
First described from specimens captured near Fort Yuma, the Yuma myotis is found throughout much of western North America.[1] It is found in a variety of western lowland habitats, from arid thorn scrub to coniferous forest, but always close to standing water such as lakes and ponds.[5] When not close to a body of water, the Yuma Myotis can be found in the thousands roosting in caves, attics, buildings, mines, underneath bridges, and other similar structures. There is little information on the migration of this species, but there have been recordings in Texas during the winter season.[6][7]
Six subspecies are recognized:[2]
Yuma myotis are nocturnal, and forage for insects above the surface of slow moving water or in vegetation close to the water's edge. They are maneuverable fliers, with a wing aspect ratio of about 6.45, and can fly at up to 9 mph (14 km/h).[8] Food foraging begins at dusk and finishes a few hours after sunset.[9] They feed on beetles and soft-bodied insects, but are opportunistic hunters with no preference for particular prey. Instead, they feed on whatever is most common in their areas; for example, they feed primarily on moths in Texas,[10] but on flies in Oregon.[2] Like most bats, the Yuma Myotis will locate insects in flight by emitting ultrasonic sounds known as echolocation, then they either catch the insects in their mouths or use their tail membranes as a pouch to snag larger insect prey.[11]
Although their natural roosts include caves, rock crevices, and hollow trees, they are more commonly found today in artificial structures close to water. In suitable locations, they have been reported to establish colonies with as many as 10,000 members.[2] They are relatively inactive during the winter,[12] spending some of the time in torpor, but probably do not migrate any significant distance.[13] The echolocation calls of Yuma myotis are frequency modulated and sweep abruptly from 59 to 72 kHz down to 45 to 50 kHz.[2]
Yuma myotis typically undergo a polygynandrous mating system, where a female pairs with several males, each of which also pairs with several different females. Males and females are usually around 1 year old at the time of sexual and reproductive maturity, and they will only produce 1 offspring.[14] Mating occurs in the fall, but the females retain the sperm for several months, so ovulation and fertilization will not occur immediately. Young are born between late May and late June, and weigh around 1.4 g (0.05 oz) at birth. Initially blind and hairless, their eyes open around the fifth day, and they are completely furred by day nine.[2]
In May 2017, the lethal fungal disease white-nose syndrome was recorded in this species for the first time, in the second recorded case in Washington state.[15] This discovery brings the total number of bat species affected by the disease up to eight (an additional seven species have been documented with the spores on their bodies, but without the symptoms of the disease).[16]
The Yuma myotis (Myotis yumanensis) is a species of vesper bat native to western North America.
Myotis yumanensis es una especie de murciélago de la familia Vespertilionidae.
Se encuentra en Canadá, México y Estados Unidos.
Datos: Q2810848
Multimedia:
Especies: Myotis yumanensis
Myotis yumanensis es una especie de murciélago de la familia Vespertilionidae.
Myotis yumanensis Myotis generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Myotinae azpifamilia eta Vespertilionidae familian sailkatuta dago
Myotis yumanensis Myotis generoko animalia da. Chiropteraren barruko Myotinae azpifamilia eta Vespertilionidae familian sailkatuta dago
Myotis yumanensis
Myotis yumanensis, parfois appelée Chauve-souris de Yuma, est une espèce de chauve-souris de la famille des Vespertilionidae. Cet animal insectivore vit en Amérique du Nord (Canada, États-Unis, Mexique).
La Chauve-souris de Yuma a une taille d'environ 78 mm pour un poids variant entre quatre et huit grammes. Elle ressemble à Myotis occultus[1].
Selon MSW :
Myotis yumanensis
Myotis yumanensis, parfois appelée Chauve-souris de Yuma, est une espèce de chauve-souris de la famille des Vespertilionidae. Cet animal insectivore vit en Amérique du Nord (Canada, États-Unis, Mexique).
La Chauve-souris de Yuma a une taille d'environ 78 mm pour un poids variant entre quatre et huit grammes. Elle ressemble à Myotis occultus.
Myotis yumanensis (H. Allen, 1864) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei vespertilionidi diffuso nell'America settentrionale.[1][2]
Pipistrello di piccole dimensioni, con la lunghezza della testa e del corpo tra 38 e 45 mm, la lunghezza dell'avambraccio tra 32 e 38 mm, la lunghezza della coda tra 27 e 39,8 mm, la lunghezza del piede tra 6,2 e 9 mm, la lunghezza delle orecchie tra 9 e 13 mm e un peso fino a 7 g.[3]
La pelliccia è densa. Le parti dorsali sono giallo-crema, con la base dei peli scura. Le parti ventrali sono più chiare, con la base dei peli scura, tranne che nella parte posteriore dove sono interamente bianchi. Le orecchie sono moderate, con una rientranza a circa metà del margine esterno. Il trago è lungo circa la metà del padiglione auricolare, ha il margine anteriore diritto, mentre quello posteriore è convesso alla base e affusolato verso la punta arrotondata. La parte finale è spesso dentellata. Le membrane alari sono brunastre pallide, traslucide e attaccate posteriormente alla base delle dita del piede. I piedi sono lunghi. Il calcar è lungo e termina con un piccolo lobo. L'uropatagio è brunastro pallido con il margine libero marcato di bianco.
Si rifugia in colonie fino a 10.000 individui all'interno di grotte, edifici, miniere e sotto i ponti. I maschi generalmente sono solitari. L'attività di caccia inizia dopo il tramonto nel buio, volando molto basso sulle superfici d'acqua. Dopo aver mangiato inizia a bere e successivamente ritorna ai rifugi.
Si nutre di falene, tricotteri, moscerini, tipule, scarafaggi ed altri piccoli insetti.
Le femmine danno alla luce un piccolo alla volta tra maggio e giugno, dopo aver trattenuto lo sperma durante l'inverno. Diventano maturi sessualmente dopo un anno di vita. L'aspettativa di vita è di circa 9 anni.
Questa specie è diffusa nell'America settentrionale occidentale, dalla Columbia Britannica a nord fino al Messico centrale a sud e il Texas occidentale ad est.
Vive in diversi tipi di habitat, dai boschi di ginepro e ripariali alle regioni desertiche vicino distese d'acqua. Questa specie è strettamente associata a ambienti acquatici come fiumi, torrenti, laghi e stagni.
Sono state riconosciute 6 sottospecie:
La IUCN Red List, considerato il vasto areale, la popolazione presumibilmente numerosa e la presenza in diverse aree protette, classifica M.yumanensis come specie a rischio minimo (LC).[1]
Myotis yumanensis (H. Allen, 1864) è un pipistrello della famiglia dei vespertilionidi diffuso nell'America settentrionale.
Myotis yumanensis is een zoogdier uit de familie van de gladneuzen (Vespertilionidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door H. Allen in 1864.
De soort komt voor in Canada, Mexico en de Verenigde Staten.
Bronnen, noten en/of referentiesMyotis yumanensis is een zoogdier uit de familie van de gladneuzen (Vespertilionidae). De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort werd voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd door H. Allen in 1864.
Myotis yumanensis é uma espécie de morcego da família Vespertilionidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Canadá, México e Estados Unidos da América.
Myotis yumanensis é uma espécie de morcego da família Vespertilionidae.
Pode ser encontrada nos seguintes países: Canadá, México e Estados Unidos da América.
Myotis yumanensis[2][3][4][5][6] är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av Harrison Allen 1864. Myotis yumanensis ingår i släktet Myotis och familjen läderlappar.[7][8]
Arten varierar mycket med den geografiska utsträckningen, både till färg och storlek.[9] Den är en liten fladdermus med matt, kort, 5 till 6 mm lång päls. Färgen på ovansidan är vanligen grå, brun eller ljust brungul med mörkare hårbaser och ljusare spetsar. Undersidan är ljusare, blekt gråbrun till vitaktig. Vingarna är i regel ljusbruna till gråa.[10] Kroppslängden är 3,8 till 4,9 cm, ej inräknat den 2,7 till 4 cm långa svansen, huvudlängden 1,3 till 1,4 cm, öronlängden 1,1 till 1,5 cm, vingbredden omkring 24 cm[10] och vikten 4,7 till 5,1 g[9].
Catalogue of Life, Wilson & Reeder (2005) samt J. K. Braun (2015, i Mammalian Species) skiljer mellan 6 underarter:[7][4][10]
Denna fladdermus förekommer i västra Nordamerika från södra British Columbia i Kanada till delstaterna Hidalgo och Morelos i Mexiko. Den når i USA österut till Colorado och västra Texas.[1]
Myotis yumanensis vistas i olika habitat från enebackar och skogar[1] över chaparral, savanner och gräsmarker till öknar med tillgång till vatten som floder, insjöar eller dammar.[11]
Som de flesta insektsätande fladdermöss är arten nattaktiv. Stora kolonier upp till några tusen medlemmar sover under dagen i utrymmen som grottor, gruvor, byggnader, under broar,[1] i klippskrevor i kalkstens- och sandstensklippor samt övergivna svalbon[10].
Jakten efter föda sker vanligen från början av skymningen till två timmar efter solnedgången.[1] Flykten är oregelbunden och sver ofta över vatten.[11] Dieten består av olika mjuka insekter som nattsländor, dagsländor, tvåvingar, fjärilar, hopprätvingar, termiter, halvvingar, steklar och nätvingar samt skalbaggar. Arten kan även ta myror (släktet Pogonomyrmex) och spindeldjur.[10]
Myotis yumanensis förefaller inte utföra några vandringar annat än, tillfälligtvis, till lämpliga platser för sin vinterdvala. Denna kan vara som längst i nästan 6,5 månader; å andra sidan är det sannolikt att vinterdvalan är ofullständig i delar av utbredningsområdet.[10]
Båda könen blir könsmogna vid ungerfär ett års ålder. Arten, som är polygynandrisk, leker under hösten, men honan sparar säden och själva befruktningen sker inte förrän till våren. De dräktiga honorna bildar kolonier i grottor, byggnader och andra utrymmen som har en temperatur på minst 30º C. Där får honan en unge, vanligen mellan maj och juni.[11]
IUCN kategoriserar arten globalt som livskraftig, och populationen är stabil. IUCN listar inte några egentliga hot;[1] emellertid har man sedan 2007 kunnat konstatera kraftiga utbrott hos andra fladdermöss i samband med övervintringen av en dödlig svampsjukdom, White nose syndrome. Ännu (2016[12]) har inga utbrott av denna sjukdom drabbat Myotis yumanensis, men farhågor finns för att även denna art skall drabbas.[11]
Wikimedia Commons har media som rör Myotis yumanensis.
Wikispecies har information om Myotis yumanensis.
Myotis yumanensis är en fladdermusart som först beskrevs av Harrison Allen 1864. Myotis yumanensis ingår i släktet Myotis och familjen läderlappar.
Myotis yumanensis — вид роду Нічниця (Myotis).
Країни проживання: Канада (Британська Колумбія), Мексика, США. Цей вид зустрічається в різних середовищах існування, починаючи від ялівцевих та прибережних лісів до пустельних районів поблизу відкритої води. харчуються в основному над водою. Спочивають в печерах, на горищах, будівлях, шахтах, під мостам, й у інших подібних структурах. Це комахоїдний вид.
Myotis yumanensis — вид роду Нічниця (Myotis).
Myotis yumanensis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi muỗi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được H. Allen mô tả năm 1864.[2]
Phương tiện liên quan tới Myotis yumanensis tại Wikimedia Commons
Bài viết họ Dơi muỗi này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn. Myotis yumanensis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Dơi muỗi, bộ Dơi. Loài này được H. Allen mô tả năm 1864.
유마윗수염박쥐(Myotis yumanensis)는 애기박쥐과 윗수염박쥐속에 속하는 박쥐이다.[2] 북아메리카 서부의 토착종이다.
작은 박쥐로 몸통 길이는 38~45mm이고 전완장은 32~38mm, 꼬리 길이는 27~39.8mm이다. 발 길이는 6.2~9mm이고 귀 길이는 9~13mm, 몸무게는 최대 7g이다.[3] 털이 무성하다. 등쪽은 노랑과 크림색을 띠고 배쪽은 좀더 밝다.
동굴과 광산, 다리 아래에 최대 1만 마리까지 무리를 지어 생활한다. 수컷은 대체로 독거 생활을 한다. 해가 지고 어두워지면 사냥을 시작하고 물 표면 위를 아주 낮게 비행한다. 먹이를 먹은 후 물을 먹고 은신처로 돌아간다. 먹이는 나방과 날도래, 각다귀, 바퀴벌레류 그리고 나머지 작은 곤충 등이다. 암컷은 겨울에 수정을 해서 5월과 6월 사이 한 번에 한 마리의 새끼를 낳는다. 생후 약 1년이면 성적으로 성숙해진다. 기대 수명은 약 9년이다.
북아메리카 북쪽 브리티시컬럼비아주 지역부터 남쪽으로 멕시코 중부, 동쪽으로 텍사스주 서부 지역까지 널리 분포한다. 향나무 지역 또는 강가 숲 지역부터 물이 뻗어 있는 근처 사막 지역까지 다양한 서식지에서 서식한다. 강과 개울, 호수, 연못과 같은 수생 환경에서 생활한다.
6종의 아종이 알려져 있다.[2]
다음은 윗수염박쥐속의 계통 분류이다.[4]
윗수염박쥐속구대륙 분류군
신대륙 분류군 신북구작은갈색박쥐, 술꼬리박쥐, 킨윗수염박쥐, 긴귀윗수염박쥐
구북구붉은윗수염박쥐, 벨벳윗수염박쥐, 물가윗수염박쥐, 엘리겐트윗수염박쥐
슈바르츠윗수염박쥐, 도미니카윗수염박쥐, 아타카마윗수염박쥐
은색작은박쥐, 산지윗수염박쥐, 검은윗수염박쥐, 노랑윗수염박쥐
