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Habitat

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Longnose sawsharks prefer a variety of marine habitats including the open sea and coastal regions. They are typically found at depths below 40 meters.

Range depth: 40 to 310 m.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; saltwater or marine

Aquatic Biomes: pelagic ; benthic ; coastal

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Daniel Krcmaric, University of Notre Dame
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Karen Francl, Radford University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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Longnose sawsharks are commercially fished for their high-quality meat.

Positive Impacts: food

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Daniel Krcmaric, University of Notre Dame
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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Longnose sawsharks have no adverse economic impact on humans.

Negative Impacts: injures humans (bites or stings)

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Daniel Krcmaric, University of Notre Dame
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Karen Francl, Radford University
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Cycle

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Longnose sawsharks are born in litters of 3 to 22 individuals. They are born with their teeth folded back, which mostly likely is an adaptation to prevent possible injury to the mother during the birthing process. The teeth straighten shortly after birth. Sawsharks are born fully developed, looking like smaller versions of adults. Newborn sawsharks are generally 31 to 34 cm in length. Sawsharks do not undergo a metamorphosis and exhibit determinate growth.

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Daniel Krcmaric, University of Notre Dame
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Conservation Status

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Effective efforts have been made to protect longnose sawsharks. Commercial fishing of longnose sawsharks has been reduced due to the implementation of a Total Allowable Catch rule. Also, a three mile stretch of Victorian waters have been closed to all shark fishing, which provides some safe habitat for longnose sawsharks.

US Federal List: no special status

CITES: no special status

State of Michigan List: no special status

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Daniel Krcmaric, University of Notre Dame
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Behavior

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Longnose sawsharks communicate using sight, touch, and electric signals. They perceive their environment with mediocre eyesight, use their barbels to touch the ocean floor, and use their ampullae to sense electrical fields. They communicate with other animals visually and use their barbels and ampullae when searching for prey.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical ; electric

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; chemical ; electric

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Associations

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Longnose sawsharks are not a keystone species, although their absence would have an impact on creatures living on the ocean floor because they serve as prey for longnose sawsharks. Longnose sawsharks often serve as hosts for tetraphyllidean tapeworms.

Commensal/Parasitic Species:

  • Tetraphyllidean tapeworms (Tetraphyllidea)
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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Trophic Strategy

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Longnose sawsharks feed on bony fish,including cornet fishes (Fistularia), shrimp, small squids, and various crustaceans. Longnose sawsharks uses their barbels and snout to detect prey on the ocean floor, and then immobilize their prey by hitting it with a side-swipe of their snout, which is lined with sharp teeth.

Animal Foods: fish; mollusks; aquatic crustaceans

Primary Diet: carnivore (Piscivore , Eats non-insect arthropods, Molluscivore )

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Distribution

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Pliotrema warreni is found in the waters around southern Australia’s outer continental shelf, and is endemic to that region. This includes the eastern portion of the Indian Ocean and the southwest portion of the Pacific Ocean. They are found in the area described by the latitudes 20° to 41° south and longitude 112° to 150° east.

Biogeographic Regions: indian ocean (Native ); pacific ocean (Native )

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Life Expectancy

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Longnose sawsharks have been known to survive for up to 15 years in the wild. Lifespan in the wild is often limited by trawl fishing.

Range lifespan
Status: wild:
15 (high) years.

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Tanya Dewey, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology

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Pliotrema warreni is characterized by a long, thin, and flattened snout. The snout is lined with alternating long and short teeth. Unusual nasal barbels protrude about halfway down the snout. Near the barbels are the ampullae of Lorenzini, which are specialized organs for detecting electrical fields. Two dorsal fins are present, with the second being slightly smaller than the first. They lack an anal fin. Five gill slits are present on each side of the head, while most sawsharks have gills on the bottom of the head. The upper body is a blotchy combination of dull yellow, grey, and brown.

Range mass: 18.7 lbs or 8.5 (high) kg.

Range length: 4.9 ft or 1.49 (high) m.

Other Physical Features: ectothermic ; heterothermic ; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: female larger

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Daniel Krcmaric, University of Notre Dame
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Associations

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The main anti-predator adaptation of longnose sawsharks is their coloration. Their blotchy grey and brown markings help them blend in with the ocean floor. Human beings are the main predator of longnose sawsharks, although larger sharks are occasional predators. Humans have severely damaged shark populations due to commercial fishing.

Known Predators:

  • humans (Homo sapiens)
  • larger sharks (Chondrichthyes)

Anti-predator Adaptations: cryptic

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Daniel Krcmaric, University of Notre Dame
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Reproduction

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Longnose sawsharks breed seasonally. It is unknown if they are monogamous or promiscuous. It is unknown what affect mating behavior has on social structure.

Longnose sawsharks breed once every two years, and most breeding occurs in coastal areas. Each breeding season yields an average of 10 young (range of 3 to 22). The gestation period for longnose sawsharks is approximately 12 months. Longnose sawsharks are ovoviviparous, meaning that the eggs develop within the mother's body and then hatch within the mother before they are released.

Breeding interval: Individual longnose sawsharks breed biennially (in alternating years).

Breeding season: Longnose sawsharks have a yearly breeding/spawning season.

Range number of offspring: 3 to 22.

Average number of offspring: 10.

Average gestation period: 12 months.

Range time to independence: 1 to 2 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 2 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 2 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; seasonal breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization (Internal ); ovoviviparous

In the pre-birth stage, while the young are still within the womb, nourishment and provisioning are provided by the mother. In the post-birth stage, the parents provide food and protection. The exact duration of parental investment is unknown, but it is complete before the individual's next breeding season.

Parental Investment: pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning, Protecting)

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Krcmaric, D. 2006. "Pristiophorus cirratus" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Pristiophorus_cirratus.html
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Benefits

provided by FAO species catalogs
This abundant small shark has formed the basis for a considerable bottom trawl fishery off southern Australia. Utilized fresh for human consumption. Apparently the meat of this shark is excellent eating.
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FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
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Diagnostic Description

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fieldmarks: Five pairs. of lateral gill slits, long, narrow sawshark snout 27 to 28% of total length, largely lanceolate denticles, two spineless dorsal fins, and no anal fin. Rostrum long, narrow, and narrowly tapering, length of preoral snout 27 to 29% of total length. Bases of rostral barbels about 1.2 to 1.3 times closer to rostral tip than mouth; distance from rostral barbels to nostrils slightly less or equal to distance from nostrils to first to fourth gill slits. About 9 or 10 large rostral teeth on each side of rostrum in front of rostral barbels, 9 behind them. Distance from mouth to nostrils 1.3 to 1.4 times internarial space. Tooth rows 39 to 49 in upper jaw. Dorsal and pectoral fins covered with denticles in large specimens. Lateral trunk denticles largely unicuspidate. First dorsal origin behind free rear tips of pectorals by eye length or slightly less.

Reference

Springer & Bullis, 1960

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FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
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Distribution

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Western Pacific: Australia (South and Western Australia, New South Wales, Tasmania, Victoria), possibly the Philippines.
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FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
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Size

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Maximum total length about 137 cm, size at birth about 31 to 34 cm.
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FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
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Brief Summary

provided by FAO species catalogs
A common temperate-subtropical sawshark of the continental shelf and upper slope of Australia, found near or on the bottom,from close inshore to at least 311 m depth. Occurs in bays and estuaries, but more abundant offshore at about 37 to 146 m on sandy or gravel-sand bottoms. Apparently occurs in schools or aggregates, possibly for feeding. Ovoviviparous, said to "breed in the winter month" (Whitley, 1940). Eats small fishes, including coronet fishes (Fistularia), and crustaceans.
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FAO species catalogue Vol.4. Sharks of the world. An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date Part 1 - Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes. Compagno, L.J.V.1984FAO Fisheries Synopsis. , (125) Vol.4, Part 1.
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Trophic Strategy

provided by Fishbase
Found on the continental shelf and upper slope. Feeds on small fishes, including cornet fishes (Fistularia), and crustaceans.
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Drina Sta. Iglesia
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Life Cycle

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Ovoviviparous, embryos feed solely on yolk (Ref. 50449). Males mature at about 97 cm, born at about 38 cm (Ref. 6871). Common sawshark lives for more than 15 years. Mature females appear to breed every 1-2 years, carrying from 3-22 young, with about 10 being the average. After 12 months' gestation, the pups are born in shallow coastal areas. They are about 11-14.5 in (27-37 cm) long at birth (Ref. 48640).
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Diagnostic Description

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Pristiophorus cirratus has a long, narrow, and narrowly tapering rostrum (rostrum length is 27-29% of TL), distance from rostral tip to barbels about equal or slightly greater than distance from barbels to mouth (1:1.2-1.3); distance from rostral barbels to nostrils slightly less or equal to distance from nostrils to 1st to 4th gill slits. About 9-10 large rostral teeth on each side of the rostrum in front of the barbels, 9 behind them; distance from mouth to nostrils 1.3-1.4 times internarial space. Tooth rows 39-49 in upper jaw. Dorsal and pectoral fins covered with denticles in large specimens. Lateral trunk denticles largely unicuspidate. First dorsal fin origin behind free rear tips of pectorals by eye length or more (Ref. 247). P. cirratus has a body pattern of dark blotches (mostly darker bands between pectoral fin bases, over gill slits, between spiracles and below dorsal fins) and spots (occasionally faint). Nostrils, almost circular, are situated about 2/3 way from barbels to corner or mouth, width at nostrils more than 4.5 in preoral snout in adults; preoral snout length more than 2.3 times distance from barbels to snout tip (Ref. 6871). Rostral teeth with dark margins; underside abruptly uniformly white (Ref. 41394). First dorsal fin origin behind free rear tips of pectorals by eye length or more (Ref. 247). Caudal fin almost straight, with slender upper and lower lobes; pectoral well developed but are not ray-like (Ref. 6871).
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Biology

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Found on the continental shelf and upper slope. Forms schools. Feeds on small fishes, including cornet fishes (Fistularia), and crustaceans. Ovoviviparous, with 3-22 young in a litter (48360). Size at birth about 31-34 cm. May live for more than 15 years. Meat marketed fresh and frozen.
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Importance

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fisheries: commercial
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Langnasen-Sägehai ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Der Langnasen-Sägehai (Pristiophorus cirratus) ist ein Hai aus der Familie der Sägehaie (Pristiophoridae). Wie seine Verwandten zeichnet sich der Hai durch eine lange sägeartige Schnauze aus, die bei dieser Art bis zu 30 Prozent der Körperlänge ausmacht. Er lebt vor der südlichen Küste Australiens.

Merkmale

Der Langnasen-Sägehai erreicht eine Körperlänge von bis zu 137 cm. Der Körper ist lang zylindrisch und schlank gebaut. Der Kopf ist abgeflacht und besitzt eine stark verlängerte und abgeflachte Schnauze mit einem für die Sägehaie typischen sägeartigen Rostrum, das bei dieser Art zwischen 26 und 30 Prozent der Körperlänge ausmacht. Das Rostrum besitzt ein ausgeprägtes Paar Barteln vor den Nasenlöchern sowie am Seitenrand der „Säge“ 19 bis 21 ausgeprägte Zähne. Die Barteln liegen bei dieser Art sehr weit vor den Nasenlöchern und damit näher an der Sägespitze als an diesen; vor den Barteln stehen 9 bis 11 und dahinter 9 bis 10 Zähne. Jungtiere haben zusätzlich zwei bis drei kleine Zähne zwischen den größeren Sägezähnen.

Die Färbung der Oberseite seines Körpers reicht von blassgelb bis grau-braun mit dunklen Flecken und Streifen, die Unterseite ist weiß. Auf dem Rostrum befindet sich eine dunkle Mittellinie, zugleich sind die Seiten dunkler gefärbt und die Sägezahnbasen schwarz.

Die Augen sitzen seitlich am Kopf, dahinter schließen sich die großen Sauglöcher an. Wie andere Arten der Gattung besitzt der Sägehai fünf Kiemenspalten. Wie alle Sägehaie besitzt er zwei Rückenflossen ohne Dorn und keine Analflosse. Der Schwanzstiel besitzt deutliche Kiele, der Schwanz besteht nur aus einem großen oberen Lobus während der untere Lobus allen Sägehaien fehlt.

Lebensweise

Der Langnasen-Sägehai ist eine Bodenhaiart, die vor allem in tieferen Wasserbereichen um 300 Meter vorkommt. Er ernährt sich räuberisch vor allem von verschiedenen Fischen, außerdem jagt er Krebstiere, Schnecken und Tintenfische. Zur Nahrungssuche wird das lange Rostrum eingesetzt, welches mit Barteln und anderen Sinnesorganen ausgestattet ist und dadurch Bewegungen und wahrscheinlich auch elektrische Felder und chemische Eindrücke im Meeresboden wahrnehmen kann. Die Beute wird mit der Säge aufgespürt, ausgegraben und wahrscheinlich teilweise auch getötet. Daneben setzt sie der Sägehai auch gegen Angreifer sowie gegen Artgenossen ein. Der Hai bildet Schulen bzw. Gruppen gemeinsam jagender Tiere.

Die Haie sind lebendgebärend und bilden keine Plazenta aus (aplazental vivipar). Die Weibchen bekommen in einem Wurf zwischen sechs und 19 Jungtiere mit einer Länge von etwa 30 bis 35 cm. Die Geburt findet jährlich im Winter statt. Mit einer Körperlänge von etwa 97 cm sind die Tiere geschlechtsreif.

Verbreitung

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Verbreitungsgebiete des Langnasen-Sägehais

Der Langnasen-Sägehai ist vor der südlichen Küste Australiens von Jurien Bay in Western Australia bis Eden in New South Wales anzutreffen. Die Hauptkonzentration der Art wird in der Bass Strait angenommen.

Sein Lebensraum befindet sich im Bereich des Kontinentalschelfs in Meeresbodennähe in Wassertiefen von etwa 310 Meter, seltener im Tidenbereich in Küstennähe.

Gefährdung

Der Langnasen-Sägehai wird in der Roten Liste der IUCN als nicht gefährdet ("least concern") eingestuft.[1] Im Jahr 2000 wurde der Hai als Art der Vorwarnliste geführt, die Rückstufung erfolgte unter anderem auf der Basis einer ausführlichen Studie über die Altersstruktur, die Wachstumsraten und die Reproduktion. Außerdem wurden Daten der Fischerei über die vergangenen 25 Jahre sowie Daten eines 12-Jahres-Monitoring-Programms ausgewertet.[1]

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b Pristiophorus cirratus in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2006. Eingestellt von: Walker, T.I. & Simpfendorfer, C. (SSG Australia & Oceania Regional Workshop, March 2003), 2003. Abgerufen am 24. Juni 2009.
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Langnasen-Sägehai: Brief Summary ( German )

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Der Langnasen-Sägehai (Pristiophorus cirratus) ist ein Hai aus der Familie der Sägehaie (Pristiophoridae). Wie seine Verwandten zeichnet sich der Hai durch eine lange sägeartige Schnauze aus, die bei dieser Art bis zu 30 Prozent der Körperlänge ausmacht. Er lebt vor der südlichen Küste Australiens.

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Longnose sawshark

provided by wikipedia EN

The longnose sawshark (Pristiophorus cirratus) or common sawshark, is a sawshark of the family Pristiophoridae.

Description

The longnose sawshark has a slender, slightly flattened body[2] with a very long rostrum that can make up to 30% of its total body length. It has pale yellow or grayish-brown dorsal coloring, white ventral coloring, and variegated, sometimes faint dark blotches, spots, and bars on its back. The barbels of the longnose sawshark are halfway down the rostrum, but slightly closer to the rostral tip than the nostrils. Its maximum length is 1.37 m (4 ft 6 in).[3] The longnose sawshark can be confused with one of many species of sawfish, a family of rays, but is distinguished by the five gills located on the sides of its head, as opposed to sawfish which have gills located on the underside of the head.[2]

Distribution and habitat

The longnose sawshark is found in the eastern Indian Ocean around southern Australia and Tasmania on the continental shelf at depths of 20 - 600m.[4] While it may venture into bays and estuaries on occasion, longnose sawsharks prefer sandy and gravelly areas offshore between 37–146 m (121–479 ft).[5]

Biology and ecology

Longnose sawsharks feed primarily on small crustaceans.[6] Individuals find prey by running their barbels over the ocean floor. They use the teeth on their snouts to stir up sediment and strike prey.[2]

Like all sawsharks, reproduction is ovoviviparous. Longnose sawsharks give birth every other winter to between 6 and 19 pups in a litter.[7] After a 12-month gestation period, pups are born 27–37 cm (11–15 in) in length.[2] Their teeth are folded against the snout at birth, which protects the mother from harm. Longnose sawsharks are highly productive in comparison to other shark species, maturing quickly and only living for around 15 years.[7]

Human interaction

The longnose sawshark is listed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It used to be listed as Near Threatened, but data gathered after 2000 ultimately led to the new classification. Longnose sawsharks are highly productive and are protected by laws that keep their catch rate stable. Large tracts of their range are protected from all shark fishing, helping to buffer their population loss. Their meat is fairly popular in Australia and is said to have an excellent taste. Because of its deep habitat and overall behavior, the longnose sawshark is not a threat to humans.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b Walker, T.I. (2020). "Pristiophorus cirratus". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2020: e.T39327A176975610. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T39327A176975610.en. Retrieved 13 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Tricas, Timothy C.; Kevin Deacon; Peter Last; John E. McCosker; Terence I. Walker (1997). Taylor, Leighton (ed.). The Nature Company Guides: Sharks & Rays. Sydney: Time-Life Books. pp. 140. ISBN 0-7835-4940-7.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2006). "Pristiophorus cirratus" in FishBase. May 2006 version.
  4. ^ Raoult, V.; Peddemors, V.; Rowling, K.; Williamson, J. E. (2020). "Spatiotemporal distributions of two sympatric sawsharks (Pristiophorus cirratus and P. Nudipinnis) in south-eastern Australian waters". Marine and Freshwater Research. 71 (10): 1342. doi:10.1071/MF19277. S2CID 216286223.
  5. ^ Compagno, Leonardo, Dando, Marc and Fowler, Sarah. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press. 2005. pg 132.
  6. ^ Raoult, Vincent; Gaston, Troy F.; Williamson, Jane E. (2015). "Not all sawsharks are equal: Species of co-existing sawsharks show plasticity in trophic consumption both within and between species". Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences. 72 (11): 1769–1775. doi:10.1139/cjfas-2015-0307. hdl:1807/69872.
  7. ^ a b "Marine Species Identification Portal : Longnose sawshark - Pristiophorus cirratus".

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Longnose sawshark: Brief Summary

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The longnose sawshark (Pristiophorus cirratus) or common sawshark, is a sawshark of the family Pristiophoridae.

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Pristiophorus cirratus ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El tiburón sierra trompudo (Pristiophorus cirratus) es una especie de elasmobranquio del orden Pristiophoriformes. Vive en el este del océano Índico, alrededor de Australia, en la plataforma continental a profundidades de entre 40 y 310 m.

Anatomía

Dimensiones

Su longitud es de más de 135 cm.

Tiene un apéndice rostral largo estrecho que va aguzándose progresivamente (la longitud del rostrum es de 27% - 29% de la longitud total), y la longitud desde la punta del apéndice rostral hasta las lengüetas es, aproximadamente, igual o superior que desde la lengüeta hasta la boca; la distancia desde las lengüetas rostrales hasta las ventanas de la nariz es igual o menor que la distancia desde las coanas hasta la primera a cuarta branquias.

Dentadura

Hay 9-10 dientes grandes rostrales a cada lado del al frente de las lengüetas, y 9 detrás de ellas; a distancia desde las lengüetas hasta las coanas es de 1,3 - 1,4 veces el espacio internarial. Hay fuas de dientes de 39-49 en la mandíbula superior. La aleta dorsal y las pectorales están cubiertas por dentículos en los especímenes más grandes.

Los dentículos del tronco lateral son unicuspideos grandes.

Aletas

La primera aleta dorsal se origina por detrás de las raíces de las pectorales por una longitud de un ojo o más.

Coloración

Hay un patrón corporal de manchas oscuras (la mayoría bandas oscuras entre las aletas pectorales, sobre las rendijas branquiales, entre los espiráculos y debajo de las aletas dorsales) y manchas (ocasionalmente leves).

Zona oral

Las coanas, generalmente circular, están situados a 2/3 de camino entre las lengüetas hasta el ángulo de la boca, el ancho de las coanas es 4,5 del hocico preoral en los adultos y hay 2,3 veces de longitud entre las lengüetas y la punta de hocico. El diente rostral tiene márgenes oscuros, y la base es uniformemente blanca. La primera aleta dorsal se origina detrás de las pectorales libres por la longitud de un ojo o más. La aleta caudal es generalmente estrecha, con la parte superior esbelta y lóbulos inferiores, y la aleta pectoral está bien desarrollada pero no se parece a la de las rayas.

Comportamiento

Forma bancos, y se alimenta de peces pequeños, incluyendo peces corneta, y crustáceos.

Reproducción y ciclo vital

Su reproducción es ovovivípara, con 3-22 alevines en cada camada. El tamaño al nacer es de 31-34 cm. Puede vivir más de 15 años.

Relación con el hombre

Las personas consumen su carne, tanto fresca como congelada, siendo de excelente calidad.

Véase también

Referencias

  1. Walker, T.I. & Simpfendorfer, C. (SSG Australia & Oceania Regional Workshop, March 2003) (2003). «Pristiophorus cirratus». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 27 de noviembre de 2015.

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Pristiophorus cirratus: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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El tiburón sierra trompudo (Pristiophorus cirratus) es una especie de elasmobranquio del orden Pristiophoriformes. Vive en el este del océano Índico, alrededor de Australia, en la plataforma continental a profundidades de entre 40 y 310 m.

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Pristiophorus cirratus ( Basque )

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Pristiophorus cirratus Pristiophorus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Pristiophoridae familian sailkatzen da.

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Pristiophorus cirratus FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Pristiophorus cirratus: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Pristiophorus cirratus Pristiophorus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Pristiophoridae familian sailkatzen da.

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Sahahai ( Finnish )

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Sahahai (Pristiophorus cirratus) on sahahaiden heimon kalalaji. Sahahain elinalue on Australian etelärannikolla Intian valtameressä.

Sahahain pää on litteä ja sillä on pitkä ja kapea, kärkeä kohti kapeneva kuono, jonka pituus on lähes 30 % kalan koko pituudesta. Kuonon sivuilla on noin 20 hammasmaista uloketta, mikä tekee siitä sahamaisen. Kuonon alla, noin puolessa välissä on huomattavan pitkien viiksisäikeiden pari. Hai kasvaa tyypillisesti metrin mittaan, ja enimmillään 135-senttiseksi.

Sahahai on pohjakala, joka elää mannerjalustan alueella ja myös mannerrinteessä, usein parvissa. Se syö pieniä kaloja ja äyriäisiä.

Sahahai lisääntyy ovovivipaarisesti, munat kehittyvät naaraan sisällä. Poikaset, joita enimmillään voi olla pari kymmentä, syntyvät runsaan 30 cm:n pituisina. Kala voi elää 15-vuotiaaksi.

Sahahai on kalastuksen kohde ja sen lihaa pidetään erinomaisena.

Lähteet

Viitteet

  1. Walker, T.I. & Simpfendorfer, C. (SSG Australia & Oceania Regional Workshop, March 2003): Pristiophorus cirratus IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2013.1. 2003. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. (englanniksi)

Aiheesta muualla

Tämä kaloihin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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Sahahai: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Sahahai (Pristiophorus cirratus) on sahahaiden heimon kalalaji. Sahahain elinalue on Australian etelärannikolla Intian valtameressä.

Sahahain pää on litteä ja sillä on pitkä ja kapea, kärkeä kohti kapeneva kuono, jonka pituus on lähes 30 % kalan koko pituudesta. Kuonon sivuilla on noin 20 hammasmaista uloketta, mikä tekee siitä sahamaisen. Kuonon alla, noin puolessa välissä on huomattavan pitkien viiksisäikeiden pari. Hai kasvaa tyypillisesti metrin mittaan, ja enimmillään 135-senttiseksi.

Sahahai on pohjakala, joka elää mannerjalustan alueella ja myös mannerrinteessä, usein parvissa. Se syö pieniä kaloja ja äyriäisiä.

Sahahai lisääntyy ovovivipaarisesti, munat kehittyvät naaraan sisällä. Poikaset, joita enimmillään voi olla pari kymmentä, syntyvät runsaan 30 cm:n pituisina. Kala voi elää 15-vuotiaaksi.

Sahahai on kalastuksen kohde ja sen lihaa pidetään erinomaisena.

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Pristiophorus cirratus ( French )

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Le requin-scie à long nez (Pristiophorus cirratus) est un requin-scie endémique des eaux australiennes. C'est l'une des quatre espèces connues du genre Pristiophorus.

Description

Le requin-scie à long nez mesure en moyenne 1,4 m[1]. Il a un corps mince et aplati de couleur beige ou jaunâtre avec des bandes plus sombres. Sa face ventrale est blanche ou gris clair.

Son rostre long (environ 30 % de la longueur totale) est muni de dents de tailles irrégulières sur tout le pourtour et de deux barbillons à mi-longueur lui permettant de fouiller les sédiments.

Habitat

Comme tous les requins-scie cette espèce réside dans le milieu benthique. On la retrouve sur la plate forme continentale dans des fonds sableux allant de 40 jusqu'à 300 mètres.

Son aire de répartition s'étend sur les eaux tempérées du sud de l'Australie. Certains individus ont également été trouvés de façon ponctuelle sur la côte ouest de l'Australie.

Mode de vie

Le requin-scie à long nez est une espèce discrète et rare vivant souvent à des profondeurs élevées. De plus c'est un animal actif uniquement la nuit ce qui le rend encore plus difficile à observer. Le mode de vie du requin-scie à long nez est donc relativement peu connu. Sa durée de vie est très certainement supérieure à 15 ans.

Reproduction

Ovovivipare, le requin-scie à long nez fait de 3 à 22 petits par portée. À la naissance ils mesurent une trentaine de centimètres.

Alimentation

En fouillant le substrat avec son rostre il déterre des crustacés et invertébrés qui constituent l'essentiel de son régime alimentaire. Il lui arrive parfois de chasser de petits poissons.

Notes et références

  1. Collectif (trad. Michel Beauvais, Marcel Guedj, Salem Issad), Histoire naturelle [« The Natural History Book »], Flammarion, mars 2016, 650 p. (ISBN 978-2-0813-7859-9), Requin-scie à long nez page 324

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Pristiophorus cirratus: Brief Summary ( French )

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Le requin-scie à long nez (Pristiophorus cirratus) est un requin-scie endémique des eaux australiennes. C'est l'une des quatre espèces connues du genre Pristiophorus.

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Pristiophorus cirratus ( Italian )

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Pristiophorus cirratus: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Lo squalo sega nasolungo (pristiophorus cirratus Latham, 1794) è un squalo della famiglia dei Pristiophoridae.

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Langsnuitzaaghaai ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De langsnuitzaaghaai (Pristiophorus cirratus) is een vis uit de familie van zaaghaaien (Pristiophoridae) en behoort tot de orde van zaaghaaien (Pristiophoriformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 137 centimeter. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 15 jaar.

Leefomgeving

De langsnuitzaaghaai is een zoutwatervis. De vis komt voor in een groot zeegebied in de Grote en Indische Oceaan (zie kaartje) op een diepte van 40 tot 310 meter onder het wateroppervlak. De langsnuitzaaghaai is volwassen bij een lengte van 97 cm en is gemiddeld 125 cm lang. Deze haai is eierlevendbarend en brengt jaarlijks 3 tot 22 jongen ter wereld per worp, wat relatief veel is voor een zaaghaai.

Relatie tot de mens

De langsnuitzaaghaai is voor de beroepsvisserij van aanzienlijk belang. In 2000 werd deze zaaghaai als gevoelig op de internationale rode lijst geplaatst, omdat men overbevissing vermoedde. Later werd duidelijk dat dit waarschijnlijk alleen plaatselijk (in de Straat Bass) geldt, maar dat de populatie als geheel niet in gevaar is. Deze zaaghaai kan zich relatief snel voortplanten en de visserij in het zeegebied op het continentaal plat ten zuiden van Australië kan als duurzame visserij worden beschouwd.[1]

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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Langsnuitzaaghaai: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De langsnuitzaaghaai (Pristiophorus cirratus) is een vis uit de familie van zaaghaaien (Pristiophoridae) en behoort tot de orde van zaaghaaien (Pristiophoriformes). De vis kan een lengte bereiken van 137 centimeter. De hoogst geregistreerde leeftijd is 15 jaar.

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Pristiophorus cirratus ( Polish )

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Commons Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

Piłonos zwyczajny (Pristiophorus cirratus) [3]gatunek średniego rekina z rodziny piłonosowatych (Pristiophoridae), zamieszkującego wschodni Ocean Indyjski. Po raz pierwszy ten gatunek opisał angielski przyrodnik John Latham. Jest to gatunek niegroźny dla człowieka, jeden z pięciu należących do tej rodziny. Często mylony z rybami piłami, które jednak są zaliczane do wydłużonych płaszczek.

Występowanie

Piłonos zwyczajny występuje we wschodniej części Oceanu Indyjskiego: w wodach u wybrzeży południowej Australii, oraz Tasmanii, w obszarach szelfu kontynentalnego i stoków do około 300 m głębokości.

Wygląd

Piłonos zwyczajny osiąga maksymalną długość 1,4 m. Ma smukłe, wydłużone ciało z dużymi płetwami piersiowymi, dwiema płetwami grzbietowymi i nie ma płetwy odbytowej. Jego głowa jest spłaszczona, a długi (stanowiący do 30 procent długości ciała), spłaszczony grzbietobrzusznie i opatrzony zębami dziób przypomina piłę. W połowie dzioba wyrastają mu dwa wydatne wąsy. Ubarwienie piaskowe do szarawobrązowego, z nieregularnymi brązowymi plamami. Spodnia strona brzucha jasna, dziób różowawy. Skóra pokryta maleńkimi łuskami plakoidalnymi, nadającymi ciału gładkość.

Odżywianie i rozmnażanie

Rekin żywi się głównie małymi rybami kostnymi i skorupiakami. Rekiny te formują stada i polują masowo.

Gatunek jest jajożyworodny. Kopuluje w zimie i wydaje na świat w jednym miocie od 3 do 22 młodych. Noworodki opuszczają ciało matki z zębami piły zagiętymi do środka, co zabezpiecza samicę przed pokaleczeniem podczas porodu.

Przypisy

  1. Pristiophorus cirratus, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
  2. Pristiophorus cirratus. Czerwona księga gatunków zagrożonych (IUCN Red List of Threatened Species) (ang.).
  3. Leonardo Compagno et al, 1999. Rekiny. Cibet.
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Pristiophorus cirratus: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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Piłonos zwyczajny (Pristiophorus cirratus) – gatunek średniego rekina z rodziny piłonosowatych (Pristiophoridae), zamieszkującego wschodni Ocean Indyjski. Po raz pierwszy ten gatunek opisał angielski przyrodnik John Latham. Jest to gatunek niegroźny dla człowieka, jeden z pięciu należących do tej rodziny. Często mylony z rybami piłami, które jednak są zaliczane do wydłużonych płaszczek.

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Pristiophorus cirratus ( Portuguese )

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O Pristiophorus cirratus é uma espécie de tubarão, pertencente a família Pristiophoridae. Ele vive no Oceano Índico oriental, ao redor da Austrália, na plataforma continental em profundidades entre 40 e 310 m.[1]

Referências

  1. FishBase. «Pristiophorus cirratus» (em inglês). Consultado em 19 de Janeiro de 2012
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Pristiophorus cirratus: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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O Pristiophorus cirratus é uma espécie de tubarão, pertencente a família Pristiophoridae. Ele vive no Oceano Índico oriental, ao redor da Austrália, na plataforma continental em profundidades entre 40 e 310 m.

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Пилконоса акула довгоноса ( Ukrainian )

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Опис

Загальна довжина досягає 1,37 м. Рило довге (1/3 тіла), характерною для пилконосів форми, з 19-21 бічними зубами. Воно більше, ніж у інших пилконосих акул. Вусики середньої довжини розташовані ближчі до нижньої частини морди. Тулуб кремезний. Має 2 великих спинних плавця. Анальний плавець відсутній. Тіло на верхній стороні сіро-коричневе з темними плямами і смугами. Черево білувате.

Спосіб життя

Зустрічається зграями в прибережній зоні на глибинах від 40 до 300 м. Для виявлення здобич в піщаному ґрунті використовує дотикові вусики, іноді розорює ґрунт «пилкою». Живиться дрібною донною рибою та безхребетними, іноді кальмарами.

Статева зрілість настає при розмірі у 97 см. Це яйцеживородна акула. Самиця народжує від 3 до 22 завдовжки 30-35 см. Народження відбувається взимку.

Важливий об'єкт рибальського промислу. М'ясо має високі смакові якості.

Тривалість життя сягає 15 років.

Розповсюдження

Мешкає біля південного узбережжя Австралії.

Джерела

  • Leonard Compagno, Marc Dando, Sarah Fowler: Sharks of the World. Princeton Field Guides, Princeton University Press, Princeton und Oxford 2005; S. 132, ISBN 978-0-691-12072-0.
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Cá nhám cưa mũi dài ( Vietnamese )

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Cá nhám cưa mũi dài, Pristiophorus cirratus, là một loài cá nhám cưa của họ Pristiophoridae. Loài cá nhám cưa lớn và chắc nịch. Nó cũng có một cái mõm rất dài, phần cơ thể này chiếm hơn 30% chiều dài toàn bộ cơ thể nó. Chúng có lưng màu vàng nhạt hoặc xám nâu và trắng ở mặt bụng. Chiều dài tối đa của nó lên đến 1,37 m.[2]

Phạm vi và môi trường sống

Cá nhám cưa mũi dài được tìm thấy ở miền đông Ấn Độ Dương xung quanh phía Nam ÚcTasmania trên thềm lục địa ở độ sâu từ 40 đến 310 m. Có thể loài cá này cũng được tìm thấy tại Philippines. Chúng có thể bơi vào vịnh và cửa sông trong vài dịp, cá nhám cưa mũi dài thích vùng cát và sỏi ngoài khơi từ 37 đến 146 m.[3]

Tham khảo

  1. ^ Walker, T.I. & Simpfendorfer, C. (SSG Australia & Oceania Regional Workshop, March 2003) (2003). Pristiophorus cirratus. Sách Đỏ IUCN các loài bị đe dọa. Phiên bản 2012.2. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế. Truy cập ngày 20 tháng 1 năm 2013.
  2. ^ Thông tin "Pristiophorus cirratus" trên FishBase, chủ biên Ranier Froese và Daniel Pauly. Phiên bản tháng May năm 2006.
  3. ^ Compagno, Leonardo, Dando, Marc and Fowler, Sarah. Sharks of the World. Princeton University Press. 2005. pg 132.

Liên kết ngoài

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Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết về Cá sụn này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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Cá nhám cưa mũi dài: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Cá nhám cưa mũi dài, Pristiophorus cirratus, là một loài cá nhám cưa của họ Pristiophoridae. Loài cá nhám cưa lớn và chắc nịch. Nó cũng có một cái mõm rất dài, phần cơ thể này chiếm hơn 30% chiều dài toàn bộ cơ thể nó. Chúng có lưng màu vàng nhạt hoặc xám nâu và trắng ở mặt bụng. Chiều dài tối đa của nó lên đến 1,37 m.

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Южный пилонос ( Russian )

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Южный пилонос.jpg

Ареал

Южные пилоносы обитают в юго-восточной части Индийского океана и являются эндемиками умеренных и субтропических вод, омывающих южное побережье Австралии и Тасмании. Эти акулы встречаются на континентальном шельфе на глубине от 37 до 310 м[7]. Они заплывают в бухты и эстуарии рек, однако чаще всего они попадаются в открытом море на глубине от 37 до 146 м[4].

Описание

У южных пилоносов вытянутое, слегка приплюснутое, но не уплощённое как у скатов тело. Голова также слегка приплюснута, но не растянута латерально. Рыло удлинённое и приплюснутое, вытянутое в виде пилообразного рострума с латеральными зубцами. Его длина составляет 27—28 % от длины тела. На каждой стороне рострума перед усиками имеется по 9—10 крупных зубцов и 9 позади усиков. Края крупных зубцов гладкие. Преоральное расстояние равно 29 % длины тела. Основание ростральных усиков в 1,2—1,3 раза ближе к кончику рыла, чем к рту. Дистанция между ростральными усиками и ноздрями чуть меньше или равно расстоянию от усиков до 1—4 жаберной щели. Расстояние от рта до ноздрей в 1,3—1,4 раза превышает дистанцию между ноздрями. На верхней челюсти имеется 39—49 зубов[4].

Два спинных плавника лишены шипов у основания. Анальный плавник отсутствует. Основание первого спинного плавника расположено на уровне пространства между грудными и брюшными плавниками. Грудные плавники довольно крупные, но не крыловидные. Брюшные плавники маленькие. Рот маленький, изогнутый и короткий, расположен перед глазами. На нижней поверхности рыла располагается пара усиков, выполняющая функции осязания. Имеются назальные желобки, не соединяющиеся со ртом. Губные бороздки короткие. Овальные довольно крупные глаза вытянуты по горизонтали. Третье веко отсутствует. 5 пар жаберных щелей. Позади глаз имеются крупные брызгальца. Хвостовой плавник асимметричный, верхняя лопасть удлинена, нижняя отсутствует. У крупных особей спинные и грудные плавники покрыты плакоидной чешуёй. Тело покрыто крупными заострёнными плакоидными чешуями. Максимальная зарегистрированная длина 137 см[4], по другим данным 149 см, а вес 8,5 кг (самка) и 132 см и 3,5 кг (самец)[7].

Биология

Южные пилоносы размножаются яйцеживорождением. В помёте от 6 до 19 новорожденных[7] длиной 31—34 см[4]. Вероятно, ростральные крупные зубцы прорезываются незадолго до рождения, но, чтобы не нанести матери вреда они остаются прижатыми к роструму, а мелкие прорезываются между крупными уже после появления на свет, тогда же распрямляются и крупные зубцы[4].Самки достигают половой зрелости при длине 107 см[7].

Иногда южные пилоносы собираются в стаи, вероятно, чтобы для охоты. Рацион состоит из мелких рыб, в том числе фистулярийruen, и ракообразных[4]. Длинный чувствительный рострум имеет боковую линию, способную улавливать вибрацию, и оснащён электрорецепторами. Плоская голова и рыло, крупный затылочный мыщелок и специализированные шейные позвонки позволяют пилоносым акулам использовать рострум как мощное оружие, чтобы рыться в грунте и убивать жертву. Однако подобное поведение не было зафиксировано воочию, поскольку, в отличие от пилорылых скатов, этих акул не удаётся содержать в неволе. Очень короткие челюсти и удлинённая ротовая и жаберные полости дают основание предположить, что южные пилоносы способны внезапно засасывать жертву[4].

Взаимодействие с человеком

Южные пилоносы не представляют опасности для человека, однако при обращении с ними следует соблюдать осторожность, поскольку острые ростральные зубцы способны сильно поранить[4]. Эти распространённые акулы часто попадаются в качестве прилова при целевом промысле с помощью жаберных сетей австралийских куньих акул. За период с 1970 по 2001 г совместный улов южных пилоносов и Pristiophorus nudipinnis варьировался от 43 до 301 тонн составил 7 % от общего улова акул[8]. Кроме того, урон популяции южных пилоносов наносил вылов в качестве прилова Юго-восточным траулерным рыболовным флотом, ведущим промысел разных костистых рыб с помощью глубоководных тралов у берегов Нового Южного Уэльса, восточного побережья Виктории и Тасмании. Улов пилоносых акул с этом секторе в 2002 году составил 106 тонн. В настоящее время введён мораторий на промысел в водах Виктории, действующий на расстоянии 3 мили от берега[7].

Международный союз охраны природы присвоил этому виду статус сохранности «Вызывающий наименьшие опасения»[7].

Примечания

  1. Линдберг, Г. У., Герд, А. С., Расс, Т. С. Словарь названий морских промысловых рыб мировой фауны. — Ленинград: Наука, 1980. — С. 49. — 562 с.
  2. Решетников Ю. С., Котляр А. Н., Расс Т. С., Шатуновский М. И. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Рыбы. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1989. — С. 38. — 12 500 экз.ISBN 5-200-00237-0.
  3. Губанов Е. П., Кондюрин В. В., Мягков Н. А. Акулы Мирового океана: Справочник-определитель. — М.: Агропромиздат, 1986. — С. 221. — 272 с.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Compagno, Leonard J.V. 1. Hexanchiformes to Lamniformes // FAO species catalogue. — Rome: Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, 1984. — Vol. 4. Sharks of the World: An Annotated and Illustrated Catalogue of Shark Species Known to Date. — P. 133–134. — ISBN 92-5-101384-5.
  5. Latham, J. (1794) An essay on the various species of Sawfish. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2: 273—282, 2 pl.
  6. Christopher Scharpf and Kenneth J. Lazara. Fish Name Etymology Database (неопр.). The ETYFish Project. Проверено 28 февраля 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Южный пилонос (англ.). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Проверено 28 февраля 2014.
  8. Walker, T.I., Hudson, R.J. and Gason, A.S. Catch evaluation of target, byproduct, and bycatch species taken by gillnets and longlines in the shark fishery of south-eastern Australia // Journal of Northwest Atlantic Fishery Science. — Vol. 35. — P. 505–530.
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Южный пилонос: Brief Summary ( Russian )

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Южный пилонос.jpg
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