Die Saagtand-barrakuda (Sphyraena putnamae) is 'n vis wat wydverspreid in die Indiese- en Stille Oseaan gebied, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika tot by die noorde van KwaZulu-Natal voorkom. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Sawtooth barracuda.
Die vis word tot 90 cm lank. Die vis het lank, slanke lyf wat amper silindries is. Die snoet is lank en gepunt. Dit is blou-silwer van kleur op die rugkant en die sye en wit aan die onderkant. Daar is 15 donker chevron-tipe strepe oor die lyf; dit strek weerskante van die sylyn. Die stertvin is donker met 'n swart rant.
Hulle leef in kus koraal- en rotsriwwe in water wat 1 tot 35m diep is. Gedurende die winter vorm hulle digte skole gedurende die dag. Hulle vreet gewoonlik gedurende die nag; hoofsaaklik rif visse en tjokka.
Die Saagtand-barrakuda (Sphyraena putnamae) is 'n vis wat wydverspreid in die Indiese- en Stille Oseaan gebied, die Rooisee en aan die ooskus van Afrika tot by die noorde van KwaZulu-Natal voorkom. In Engels staan die vis bekend as die Sawtooth barracuda.
Sphyraena putnamae és un peix teleosti de la família dels esfirènids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.[1]
Pot arribar als 90 cm de llargària total.[2]
Es troba des de les costes del Mar Roig i de l'Àfrica Oriental fins a Nova Caledònia, Vanuatu, sud del Japó, Fidji i Tuvalu.[2]
Sphyraena putnamae és un peix teleosti de la família dels esfirènids i de l'ordre dels perciformes.
Sphyraena putnamae, the sawtooth, chevron or military barracuda, is a species of barracuda found in all tropical seas and temperate waters of major oceans with the exception of the eastern pacific.[1][2][3][4][5][6][7] It is found near shores in bays, turbid lagoons, and some reefs.[6][8] A recognizable feature is the many (about 15) dark chevron-shaped markings along its side, and its forked caudal fin.[9] It spends its time in the shallow part of the sea off the coast, and stays closers to the surface levels of the open ocean.[10] It can reach an age of 14 years old, and grow up to six feet long and over 100 pounds.[1]
There is not currently any supported phylogenetic hypothesis including all twenty-nine species in Sphyraena. However, there is phylogenetic data and a well-supported phylogeny that includes twenty of these species, including Sphyraena putnamae. By analyzing three of the most frequently found nuclear and mitochondrial genes in Sphyraena, as well as using Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees, researchers found evidence supporting monophyly of Sphyraena. In the produced phylogeny, Sphyraena putnamae falls into the first of three clades, being most closely related to the species Sphyraena jello.[11] The monophyly suggested in this research has come into question once again more recently, with questions concerning the identification differences between Sphyraena putnamae and Sphyraena qenie, which was not included in the twenty species. Both species share features such as an absence of gill rakers, elongated rays on second dorsal and anal fins, entirely blackish caudal fins, and a lack of spines on their first gill-arch platelets. However, these two species have been discerned from one another via the number of dark lateral bands on their bodies, absence of lobes on the caudal fin centra margin, quantity of scale rows, and other recently found morphometrics including the lengths of upper-jaw, pre-dorsal fin, pre-pelvic fin, as well as several more measurements.[12]
Sphyraena putnamae is active at night, but also forms large schools during the day.[6][9] Adults of the species are solitary, while juveniles are gregarious and form schools.[10]
The diet of the sawtooth barracuda consists primarily of ray-finned fish of the families Carangidae, Engraulidae (Anchovies), and Scombridae, and, to a far lesser extent, some molluscs and crustaceans.[13] There is a correlation between the size of the fish and its diet- smaller fish eat more crustaceans, medium-sized fish feed on molluscs and ray-finned fish, while the largest specimens feed exclusively on those fish.[13]
Young barracuda drift inshore in spring, and move to deeper water in the late fall. Spawning season is from April until October off southern Florida.[14] Most Males mature at two years of age, and most females mature at three years of age.[14] In Sphyraena putnamae, the sex ratio observed of females:males was 1.49:1 respectively.[14] At the age of sexual maturity, fork length, which is the measurement from the tip of the snout to the fork of the tail, was measured to be 41.33 cm for females and 40.68 cm for males.[14] This species exhibits high fecundity, and hence a high reproductive potential, and spawn throughout the entire year.[14] There are two main peaks of reproduction in the months of April–May being the first peak and the second peak in November through January.[13] The smallest mature females were recorded to be 24.9 cm and the smallest mature males to be 24.5 cm.[14] In this species, males are heavier than females.[15] During juvenile life, a rapid increase in length results in individuals being lighter for a given length.[14] Sphyraena putnamae have been observed to have a year-round reproduction with peaks, which is common for most tropical fish stock to reduce the negative impact of environmental variation on their reproductive success.[14] The main difference between Sphyraena putnamae and other species in the Sphyraena family is that Sphyraena putnamae have two annual spawning peaks, but most of the other species have a single prolonged reproductive peak.[14] This bimodal peak appears to be driven by the seasonal changes in temperature and photoperiod in their environment.[14]
Sphyraena putnamae consume diverse prey items, which can be grouped into three main categories: teleosts, molluscs, and crustaceans.[13] Teleosts are the preferred food source and dominant food component for Sphyraena putnamae, while mollusks and crustaceans constitute the secondary and accessory food items respectively.[13] The main constituents of their teleost diet included caragids, scombrids, engraulids, leiognathids, and synodontids.[13] Sphyraena putnamae is mostly a nocturnal predator that individually searches for prey at night, and moves in groups throughout the day.[13] Sphyraena putnamae also have a preference for near-shore waters, turbid lagoons, bays, and reefs.[13] In the dominant food category, it is composed mainly of the species Decapterus Russelli, Megalaspis Cordyla, and Rastrelliger Kanagurta. This group of teleosts constitutes over 85% of the diet of Sphyraena putnamae.[13] Based on the small percentage of crustaceans and molluscs in their diet, but the large number of teleosts, we can infer that the species perform a vertical movement to consume a large variety of prey items.[13]
A species of myxozoa (Kudoa barracudai) infecting a S. putnamae's muscles was described from the Red Sea in 2016.[16] They are also parasitized by Bucephalidae flatworm species.[17]
Sphyraena putnamae are most frequently observed in the Indo-Pacific region, consisting of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean.[18] The heaviest concentrations of the species have been found off the southeastern coast of Africa, north coast of Australia, and in the waters between east and southeast Asia. The center of diversity is likely to be found in the eastern Indian Ocean or western Pacific regions, as this is where the species was first discovered and has maintained its highest population densities. On a few occasions, Sphyraena putnamae has been sighted in other locations, such as the coast of Florida and in various locations near Central America.[19] Sphyraena putnamae share the same habitats as many other species of Sphyraena. They normally inhabit reefs, bays, and lagoons off the coast. They do not typically live in deeper waters, as they maintain shallow depths of three to twenty meters. Sphyraena putnamae are active at night, and they usually travel in schools during the daytime.[18]
Sphyraena putnamae is a species in the genus Sphyraena, the only genus from the family Sphyraenidae. This genus is composed of twenty-nine different species of barracuda, with many only sharing slight differences.[20] This has resulted in confusion on many occasions for identifying and describing the different species under Sphyraena.
Sphyraena putnamae was identified first from a collection of fishes in Hong Kong in 1905 by David Jordan and Alvin Seale. Two years later, the species was published in the Proceedings of the Davenport Academy of Natural Sciences, Vol. 10. The etymology of the species borrows from Greek and Latin roots for Sphyraena, translating to a kind of fish or a pike-like fish, respectively.
The fish is named in honor of Mary Louisa Duncan Putnam (1832-1903), the “honored patron” of the Davenport Academy of Sciences.[21][22]
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Sphyraena putnamae in Raja Ampat Papua, 2011
school of Sphyraena putnamae near Pom Pom Island Semporna, Sabah, 2012
Diver in school of barracudas at Koh Tao Thailand 2004
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Sphyraena putnamae in Phoenix Islands Kiribati, 2009
Sphyraena putnamae at As Sultan Qaboos Port Muscat, 2017
Sphyraena putnamae, the sawtooth, chevron or military barracuda, is a species of barracuda found in all tropical seas and temperate waters of major oceans with the exception of the eastern pacific. It is found near shores in bays, turbid lagoons, and some reefs. A recognizable feature is the many (about 15) dark chevron-shaped markings along its side, and its forked caudal fin. It spends its time in the shallow part of the sea off the coast, and stays closers to the surface levels of the open ocean. It can reach an age of 14 years old, and grow up to six feet long and over 100 pounds.
Sphyraena putnamae es un pez de la familia de los esfirénidos en el orden de los perciformes.[1]
Pueden alcanzar los 90 cm de largo total.[2]
Se encuentran en las costas del Mar Rojo y del África Oriental hasta Nueva Caledonia, Vanuatu, sur del Japón, Fiyi y Tuvalu.[2]
Sphyraena putnamae es un pez de la familia de los esfirénidos en el orden de los perciformes.
Sphyraena putnamae Sphyraena generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sphyraenidae familian sailkatzen da.
Espezie hau Agulhasko itsaslasterran aurki daiteke.
Sphyraena putnamae Sphyraena generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Sphyraenidae familian sailkatzen da.
Ikan Alu-Alu Gigi Gergaji atau nama saintifiknya Sphyraena putnamae, adalah sejenis spesies ikan laut dan banyak terdapat di pesisir pantai dalam famili Sphyraenidae. Ikan Alu-Alu Gigi Gergaji termasuk dalam aturan Perciformes dan keluarga Sphyraenidae. [1]
Ikan Alu-Alu Gigi Gergaji atau nama saintifiknya Sphyraena putnamae, adalah sejenis spesies ikan laut dan banyak terdapat di pesisir pantai dalam famili Sphyraenidae. Ikan Alu-Alu Gigi Gergaji termasuk dalam aturan Perciformes dan keluarga Sphyraenidae.
Sphyraena putnamae is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de Barracuda's (Sphyraenidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1905 door Jordan & Seale.
Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
倒牙魣，又稱布氏金梭魚，俗名針梭、竹梭、巴拉庫答，为輻鰭魚綱鱸形目鯖亞目金梭魚科的一個種。
本魚分布于印度太平洋區，包括南非、東非、紅海、巴基斯坦、伊朗、印度、泰國、日本、台灣、菲律賓、印尼、澳洲、新喀里多尼亞、斐濟、法屬波里尼西亞等海域。
水深5-80公尺。
本魚體延長呈魚雷狀，橫切面幾近圓柱形，上頷骨達眼前緣下方，體側具20於個角形紋，由背部延伸至側線下方約2/3處，臀鰭第1鰭基骨有擴大現象。背鰭硬棘6枚;背鰭軟條9枚;臀鰭硬棘2枚;臀鰭軟條7-9枚，體長可達90公分。
本魚白天常成群在礁湖內礁塊的上面水層或在礁坡外徘徊，屬肉食性，以魚類為食。
為食用魚，適合各種烹飪方式。
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这是一篇關於魚類的小作品。你可以通过编辑或修订扩充其内容。 