dcsimg

Lifespan, longevity, and ageing

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Maximum longevity: 37.8 years (captivity) Observations: One 37.8 year old specimen was still alive in captivity (Richard Weigl 2005).
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Associations

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As is true for other forest dwelling monkeys, C. mitis likely falls prey to leopards. Other potential predators include snakes and birds of prey.

Known Predators:

  • leopards
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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Morphology

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Blue monkeys are small (ranging in weight from 4 to 6 kg) and arboreal. The face is nearly naked, usually dark in color (infrequently blue), and has well-developed musculature (Lawlor, 1979). Cercopithecus mitis is also known as the diademed monkey because it has a prominent row of forward pointing white fur just above its brow line (Rudran, 1978).

White whiskers are well developed in males. Males are larger than females. Male canines are also slightly larger than the female canines (Rudran,1978).

These monkeys are catarrhine; the nostrils are close together and they face downward. They have cheek pouches to carry food while foraging (Rudran, 1978).

The dental formula of C. mitis is 2/2 1/1 3/3 2/2=32.

The nail on each digit is flattened, and the pollex is opposable (Lawlor, 1979).

The upper parts of the body are gray and the limbs are darker in appearance. Some young have indistinct russet-colored rump patches, which has not been seen in adults (Dorst and Dandelot, 1970).

Range mass: 4 to 6 kg.

Other Physical Features: endothermic ; homoiothermic; bilateral symmetry

Sexual Dimorphism: male larger

Average basal metabolic rate: 19.276 W.

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Life Expectancy

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Longevity for this species has not been reported, but if C. mitis is like other members of the genus Cercopithecus, the maximum lifespan is probably around 20 years.

Average lifespan
Sex: female
Status: captivity:
25.0 years.

Average lifespan
Sex: female
Status: captivity:
27.1 years.

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Habitat

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Cercopithecus mitis is found in a variety of habitats. They are very dependent upon humid, shaded areas with abundant water and tall trees which provide both food and shelter.

Habitat Regions: tropical ; terrestrial

Terrestrial Biomes: forest ; rainforest ; scrub forest

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Distribution

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Cercopithecus mitis is found in rain forests of central, eastern, and southern Africa. The species can also be found in the Congo basin.

Biogeographic Regions: ethiopian (Native )

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Trophic Strategy

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Blue monkeys are frugivorous and folivorous in nature, eating mainly fruits and leaves. In addition, blue monkeys tend to concentrate their invetebrate feeding on slow-moving slugs and worms (Rudran, 1978).

Animal Foods: mollusks; terrestrial worms

Plant Foods: leaves; fruit

Primary Diet: herbivore (Folivore , Frugivore )

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Associations

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As a prey species, these monkeys probably have some impact on predator populations. In addition, they are likely to be important in seed dispersal because of their frugivory.

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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In Uganda, blue monkeys are hunted for their meat (Fleagle, 1988).

Positive Impacts: food

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Benefits

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Blue monkeys eat cultivated crops and destroy exotic trees.

Negative Impacts: crop pest

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Conservation Status

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Survival threats to blue monkeys include habitat destruction, such as the clearing of rain forests. Blue monkeys are also destroyed for eating cultivated crops or destroying exotic trees (Fleagle, 1988).

US Federal List: threatened

CITES: appendix ii

IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: least concern

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Behavior

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As in other species of primates, communication in these monkeys is likely to be complex and varied. Because of their facial markings, facial expressions are extremely marked. Body postures add to the visual signals used in communication. Vocalizations are common in primates and are probably used by diademed monkeys. Tactile communication occurs between mates and rivals, as well as between mothers and their offspring. Grooming is an important physical activity which helps to solidify social bonds.

Communication Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic

Perception Channels: visual ; tactile ; acoustic ; chemical

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Untitled

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Blue monkeys are a social species. An interesting aspect of the interspecific relations of blue monkeys is their involvement in mixed groupings consisting of two or more primate species (Rudran, 1978). Blue monkey associations with redtails and red colobus sometimes last for six to seven hours within a day (Rudran, 1978). Often, blue monkeys will associate with other species to form coalitions against other groups, to help find food, and also for added protection against predators. With polyspecific associations groups are able to cover a larger area when foraging for food. They are also able to get a broader view of a large area and warn of an approaching predator by alarm calls.

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Reproduction

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Blue monkeys have a polygynous mating system, although promiscuous mating has been known to occur (Estes, 1991). Females solicit copulation from the males using body language (Estes, 1991). Females present their hindquarters to a male to indicate that they are ready to copulate. During copulation, females pout, looking over their shoulder at the male.

Mating System: polygynous ; polygynandrous (promiscuous)

Breeding occurs throughout the year. The gestation period lasts 5 months (Rudran, 1978). The female gives birth to a single offspring. The young are weaned at about six months and reach sexual maturity at about three years (Grzimck, 1990).

Breeding interval: Females are capable of producing young annually if food is available.

Breeding season: Breeding occurs throughout the year.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average gestation period: 5 months.

Average weaning age: 6 months.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female): 3 years.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male): 3 years.

Key Reproductive Features: iteroparous ; year-round breeding ; gonochoric/gonochoristic/dioecious (sexes separate); sexual ; fertilization ; viviparous

Average birth mass: 366.4 g.

Average gestation period: 132 days.

Average number of offspring: 1.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (male)
Sex: male:
1673 days.

Average age at sexual or reproductive maturity (female)
Sex: female:
1673 days.

The young are relatively well developed at birth, with open eyes and the capability to grasp their mother and support their own weight (Macdonald, 1984). Females provide their young with milk for about six months. Allomaternal care does occur amongst the female troup members (Bourliere and Bertrand, 1970).

Parental Investment: precocial ; pre-fertilization (Provisioning, Protecting: Female); pre-hatching/birth (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-weaning/fledging (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); pre-independence (Provisioning: Female, Protecting: Female); extended period of juvenile learning

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Strawder, N. 2001. "Cercopithecus mitis" (On-line), Animal Diversity Web. Accessed April 27, 2013 at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Cercopithecus_mitis.html
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Nicole Strawder, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Phil Myers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan-Ann Arbor
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Nancy Shefferly, Animal Diversity Web
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Ecosystem Role: Seed Dispersal

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Cercopithecus or guenon monkeys such as this species, the Blue Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis), have been studied in some depth across their range. Guenon monkeys have cheek pouches in which they store fruits, which they feed on and process after moving away from fruiting trees (Lambert 2001), probably to avoid predation and reduce competition between conspecifics. As they forage in the canopy, they swallow fleshy pulp and spit out seeds, many of which get scattered across the forest floor at low densities, thus potentially avoiding high risk of mortality and increasing the odds for survival and subsequent germination and establishment.
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Lambert, J. 2001. Red-Tailed Guenons (Cercopithecus ascanius) and Strychnos mitis: Evidence for Plant Benefits Beyond Seed Dispersal. International Journal of Primatology 22:189-201.
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Norbert Cordeiro (ncordeiro)
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Samango-aap ( Afrikaans )

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Samango-aap Blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni).jpg Wetenskaplike klassifikasie Koninkryk: Animalia Filum: Chordata Klas: Mammalia Orde: Primates Familie: Cercopithecidea Genus: Cercopithecus Spesie: mitis Binomiale naam C. mitis

Die Samango-aap (Cercopithecus mitis) is 'n primaat wat veral voorkom in Oos-, Sentraal- en Suider-Afrika. Die naam kom van die Zoeloe-woord 'iNsimango' wat 'ape in die mis' beteken. In Engels word hulle 'blue monkeys' genoem, wat verwarrend kan wees, aangesien die blouaap (Cercopithecus aethiops) 'n ander spesie is.

Identifikasie

Mannetjie:

  • gemiddelde lengte 140cm,
  • gemiddelde stertlengte 60cm,
  • gemiddelde massa 9,4 kg.

Wyfie:

  • gemiddelde lengte 110cm,
  • gemiddelde stertlengte 60cm,
  • gemiddelde massa 4,6kg.

Die spesie het die tipiese aapvoorkoms. Hulle is stewiger gebou as die blouaap. Hulle wange en voorkop het lang wit hare wat in alle rigtings staan. Die gesig is donkerbruin, met 'n wit gedeelte rondom die mond en nek. Die skouers en pote is donkerbruin, met die rug 'n gespikkelde grysbruin. Die penskant is ligter as die rugkant en wissel in kleur van 'n naaswit tot donkerroom. Die laaste twee-derdes van die stert is swart.

Verspreiding

 src=
Verspreidingsgebied in Suider-Afrika

In Suider-Afrika kom hulle in geïsoleerde troppe in woudgebiede van die Oos-Kaap, tot in KwaZulu-Natal, aan die suidehange van die Soutpansberge, en ook in die oostelike gedeeltes van Zimbabwe en Mosambiek voor.

Habitat

Hulle kom slegs in woudgebiede voor, maar kan hul ook vestig in aangeplante plantasies.

Gedrag

 src=
'n Samango-aap op 'n rivieroewer in Selouswildtuin, Tanzanië

Lees ook die artikel aap.

Hulle is aktief gedurende die dag, en slaap snags in hoë bome.

Die Samango-aap is 'n sterk groepsdier. Hulle woon in troppe van tot 35 indiwidue saam. 'n Interessantheid van die spesie is dat hulle bedags met ander spesies gesellig verkeer, en as multispesiegroep soms saamspan, byvoorbeeld teen 'n roofdier. Vrygeselmannetjies kom alleen of in loslopergroepe voor. Hulle veg met die dominante mannetjies van 'n gevestigde groep om paringstoegang tot die wyfies te verkry. Dit is bekend dat hierdie vrygeselgroepe 'n trop kan binnevaar, paar met die beskikbare wyfies, en dan weer laat spaander. Troppe het goed-omlynde groepswoongebiede, wat tot soveel as 18 hektaar groot kan wees.

Die lewensverwagting is nie bekend nie, maar dit word beraam dat dit soortgelyk is aan ander soortgelyke spesies: tot 20 jaar oud.

Hulle word deur luiperds, roofvoëls en luislange gevang.

Geluide

Die Samango-aap is baie raserig. Dikwels is hul geluide bokant die waarnemer se kop die enigste teken dat hulle in die omtrek is. Wanneer gevaar dreig, uiter die volwasse mannetjies 'n luide, herhalende geluid wat beskryf word as 'nyah' of 'jack'. Daarteenoor gil, skree en joel die wyfies en kleintjies wanneer gevaar dreig.

Kos

Hulle vreet veral vrugte, maar eet ook blomme, boomgom, sade en soms, larwes. In sagtehoutplantasies ruk hulle die bas van jong bome af en eet dié.

Voortplanting

Die Samango-aap paar dwarsdeur die jaar. Die wyfies wat in estrum kom, inisieër die paring deur hulle agterstewe aan die mannetjies te presenteer. Die dratyd is ongeveer vyf maande. Meestal word een, maar partykeer twee apies gebore. Die apies se pels is pikswart by geboorte, hulle oë is oop en hulle is by geboorte reeds in staat om aan die moeder se pels vas te hou. Hulle word gespeen op ses maande. Verskillende wyfies kan help met die kleintjies se grootmaakproses.

Spoor en veldtekens

Stukke vrugte, sade en skille aan die voet van bome in 'n woud.

Sien ook

Bronne

  • 'Smither's Mammals of Southern Africa. A field guide'. Redakteur Peter Apps. Derde uitgawe, 2000.
  • 'Veldgids tot die soogdiere van Suider-Afrika'. Chris en Tilde Stuart. Eerste uitgawe, 1988.
  • Animal Diversity Web -- The Blue Monkey
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Samango-aap: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

provided by wikipedia AF

Die Samango-aap (Cercopithecus mitis) is 'n primaat wat veral voorkom in Oos-, Sentraal- en Suider-Afrika. Die naam kom van die Zoeloe-woord 'iNsimango' wat 'ape in die mis' beteken. In Engels word hulle 'blue monkeys' genoem, wat verwarrend kan wees, aangesien die blouaap (Cercopithecus aethiops) 'n ander spesie is.

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Cercopithecus mitis ( Breton )

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Cercopithecus mitis[1] a zo ur spesad primated eus kerentiad ar Cercopithecidae.

Doareoù pennañ

Boued

Annez hag isspesadoù

 src=
  • ██ Tiriad Cercopithecus mitis.
  • Al loen a gaver ar c'hwec'h isspesad anezhañ[2] :

    • Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii,
    • Cercopithecus mitis elgonis,
    • Cercopithecus mitis heymansi,
    • Cercopithecus mitis mitis,
    • Cercopithecus mitis opisthostictus,
    • Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni
      en Afrika ar C'hreiz hag ar ar Reter.

    Liamm diavaez


    Commons
    Muioc'h a restroù diwar-benn

    a vo kavet e Wikimedia Commons.

    Notennoù ha daveennoù

    1. N'en deus al loen anv boutin ebet testeniekaet e brezhoneg evit poent.
    2. Cercopithecus mitis war al lec'hienn Mammal Species of the World.
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    Cercopithecus mitis: Brief Summary ( Breton )

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    Cercopithecus mitis a zo ur spesad primated eus kerentiad ar Cercopithecidae.

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    Cercopitec blau ( Catalan; Valencian )

    provided by wikipedia CA

    El cercopiteco blau (Cercopithecus mitis) és una espècie de primat catarí de la família dels cercopitècids. És originari de l'Àfrica Central i Oriental, on viu entre la Vall del Rift i el riu Congo, fins al nord d'Angola i el nord-oest de Zàmbia. Habitualment se'n reconeixen sis subespècies.

    Referències

     src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Cercopitec blau Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata
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    Cercopitec blau: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

    provided by wikipedia CA

    El cercopiteco blau (Cercopithecus mitis) és una espècie de primat catarí de la família dels cercopitècids. És originari de l'Àfrica Central i Oriental, on viu entre la Vall del Rift i el riu Congo, fins al nord d'Angola i el nord-oest de Zàmbia. Habitualment se'n reconeixen sis subespècies.

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    Diademmeerkatze ( German )

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    Die Diademmeerkatze (Cercopithecus mitis) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Meerkatzen (Cercopithecus) innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae).

    Merkmale

    Diademmeerkatzen erreichen eine Kopfrumpflänge von 46 bis 71 Zentimeter (Männchen) bzw. 39 bis 59 Zentimeter (Weibchen), eine Schwanzlänge von 60 bis 95 Zentimeter (Männchen) bzw. 49 bis 88 Zentimeter (Weibchen) und ein Gewicht von 5,9 bis 9 Kilogramm (Männchen) bzw. 2,7 bis 5,5 Kilogramm (Weibchen), zählen also zu den größeren Meerkatzen. Wie bei allen Vertretern dieser Gattung sind die Männchen größer und schwerer als die Weibchen. Das Fell ist an der Oberseite blaugrau gefärbt, die Unterseite ist heller, die Gliedmaßen, die Schulterregion und der Schwanz sind fast schwarz. Namensgebendes Merkmal sind eine Reihe nach vorn ragender weißer Haare über den Augenbrauen.[1]

    Verbreitung und Lebensraum

     src=
    Diademmeerkatzen, gut sichtbar das namensgebende „Diadem“ aus weißlichen Haaren über den Augen.

    Diademmeerkatzen sind im mittleren Afrika beheimatet. Ihr disjunktes Verbreitungsgebiet liegt westlich des Großen Afrikanischen Grabenbruches und reicht von Sudan und Äthiopien über das Kongobecken bis in das nördliche Angola und das nordwestliche Sambia. (Östlich des Grabenbruchs liegt das Verbreitungsgebiet der Weißkehlmeerkatze, die kürzlich als eigene Art abgetrennt wurde.) Sie bewohnen eine Reihe von Lebensräumen, sind jedoch auf Bäume und die Nähe von Wasser angewiesen. Am Mount Elgon im westlichen Kenia kommt die Unterart C. m. elgonis bis in Höhen von 3800 Metern vor.[1]

    Lebensweise

    Diademmeerkatzen sind tagaktive Baumbewohner. Sie leben in Gruppen aus 10 bis 40 Tieren, die sich aus einem Männchen, etlichen Weibchen und dem dazugehörigen Nachwuchs zusammensetzen. Die Gruppen sind territorial und verteidigen ihr Revier gegenüber anderen Gruppen, wobei sich auch die Weibchen an der Auseinandersetzung beteiligen. Allerdings vergesellschaften sie sich manchmal mit anderen Meerkatzenarten, etwa Rotschwanzmeerkatzen.

    Nahrung

    Die Meerkatzen ernähren sich vorwiegend von Früchten, aber auch von Samen, Blättern, Blüten, anderen Pflanzenteilen, Flechten und Baumsäften. Zusätzlich ergänzen sie ihre Nahrung mit wirbellosen Tieren, vor allem Insekten oder anderen Gliederfüßern.

    Fortpflanzung

    Die Paarung kann das ganze Jahr über erfolgen. Nach einer rund fünfmonatigen Tragzeit bringt das Weibchen meist ein einzelnes Jungtier zur Welt. Dieses wird mit rund sechs Monaten entwöhnt und ist mit drei Jahren geschlechtsreif. Die Männchen müssen zu diesem Zeitpunkt ihre Geburtsgruppe verlassen, die Weibchen bleiben üblicherweise zeitlebens dort.

     src=
    Verbreitung der Unterarten der Diademmeerkatze in Afrika.
  • Cercopithecus mitis mitis (Angola)
  • C. m. boutourlinii
  • C. m. elgonis
  • C. m. heymansi
  • C. m. manyaraensis
  • C. m. opisthostictus
  • C. m. schoutedeni (Idjiwi & Shushu, Kivusee)
  • C. m. stuhlmanni
  • Weißkehlmeerkatze, Silbermeerkatze, Goldmeerkatze
  • Systematik

    In jüngerer Zeit wurden einige Populationen von der Diademmeerkatze abgetrennt und als eigene Arten etabliert, dies sind die Silbermeerkatze, die Goldmeerkatze und die Weißkehlmeerkatze. All diese Arten bilden zusammen mit der Großen Weißnasenmeerkatze die mitis-Gruppe innerhalb der Gattung der Meerkatzen. Es werden acht Unterarten unterschieden.[1][2]

    Bedrohung

    Diademmeerkatzen werden manchmal verfolgt, weil sie Plantagen verwüsten, sie werden auch wegen ihres Fleisches bejagt und leiden an der Zerstörung ihres Lebensraums. Insgesamt ist die Art laut IUCN aber nicht gefährdet.[3] Für die Unterart C. m. schoutedeni wurde bereits das Aussterben befürchtet, da ihre Heimatinseln entwaldet wurden.[1] 2015 wurde jedoch auf der Insel Idjwi eine Restpopulation von etwa 50 Tieren wiederentdeckt.[4]

    Literatur

    Einzelnachweise

    1. a b c d Elizabeth L. Gadsby, Colin P. Groves, Aoife Healy, K. Praveen Karanth, Sanjay Molur, Tilo Nadler, Matthew C. Richardson, Erin P. Riley, Anthony B. Rylands, Lori K. Sheeran, Nelson Ting, Janette Wallis, Siân S. Waters & Danielle J. Whittaker: Family Cercopithecidae (Old World Monkeys). Seite 693–694 in Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands & Don E. Wilson: Handbook of the Mammals of the World: - Volume 3. Primates. Lynx Editions, 2013 ISBN 978-8496553897
    2. a b Thomas M. Butynski & Yvonne A. de Jong: Taxonomy and Biogeography of the Gentle Monkey Cercopithecus mitis Wolf, 1822 (Primates: Cercopithecidae) in Kenya and Tanzania, and Designation of a New Subspecies Endemic to Tanzania. Primate Conservation 2020 (34), April 2020, PDF
    3. Cercopithecus mitis in der Roten Liste gefährdeter Arten der IUCN 2006. Eingestellt von: T. Butynski & Members of the Primate Specialist Group 2000, 2000. Abgerufen am 12. Mai 2006.
    4. Augustin K. Basabose: Potential suitable field station for long-term primate research and conservation activities on Idjwi Island, Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo In: The 4th International Symposium on Primatology and Wildlife Science
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    Diademmeerkatze: Brief Summary ( German )

    provided by wikipedia DE

    Die Diademmeerkatze (Cercopithecus mitis) ist eine Primatenart aus der Gattung der Meerkatzen (Cercopithecus) innerhalb der Familie der Meerkatzenverwandten (Cercopithecidae).

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    ጨኖ ( Amharic )

    provided by wikipedia emerging languages

    ጨኖ ግራጫ ቢጤ የሆነ፣ ፈርጠም ያለ፣ ከደቡብ ምዕራብ ኢትዮጵያ እስከ ደቡብ አፍሪቃ፣ በተጨማሪም በኮንጎ ደኖች የሚገኝ ዝንጀሮ ነው። በኢትዮጵያ የሚገኘው ዓይነት ጨኖ የፀጉሩ ቀለም ግራጫና ጥቁር የሆነ፣ ፊቱ የጠቆረ ሰማያዊ የሆነ፣ አገጭና አንገቱ ነጭ ነው። የወንዶቹ ክብደት እስከ 12 ኪ.ግ. ሲሆን፤ አማካዩ 4.5 ኪ.ግ ይመዝናሉ።

    ጨኖ የደን ዝንጀሮ ነው። የደን ዝንጀሮች ብዙ ጊዜ ከዝናባማ ሥፍራዎች ደኖች ውጪ አይገኙም። ጨኖ ግን ከነዚህ ደኖች ውጪም በሚገኙ ደኖች ውስጥ ይኖራል። በኢትዮጵያ፣ በጎደሬ ደን ውስጥ፣ ቴፒ አጠገብ ሜጢ አካባቢ ይገኛሉ። በተራራማ ሥፍራዎች ደኖችም እስከ 3000 ሜትር ከፍታ ድረስ ይገኛሉ። እጅጉን በዛፍ ላይ የሚገኝ ዝንጀሮ ነው። የሚገኘው በደን ዛፎች ግማሽ ላይ ነው።

    ጨኖ ከማንኛቸውም የዝንጀሮ ዓይነቶች የበለጠ ቅጠል በል ቢሆንም ብዙ ዓይነት ምግቦች ይመገባል። ቅጠላ ቅጠል፣ ፍራፍሬ፣ ትላትልና ሦስት አፅቄዎች፣ አበቦች፣ ጥራጥሬዎች ወዘተ ይበላሉ። ዛፍ ላይ ታቁሮ የሚያገኙትን ውኃ ይጠጣሉ። የሚያስፈልጋቸውን ብዙ ውኃ የሚያገኙት ግን ውኃማ ከሆኑ ፍሬዎችና ቅጠሎች ነው። የተገኘውን ብዛት ያለው ምግብ በመመገብ፣ ጨኖዎች አነስተኛ በሆነ የመኖሪያ አካባቢዎች ሊኖሩ ይችላል።

    ማህበራዊ አደረጃጀታቸው፣ ክልልተኛና ሴቶቹ ዘመዳሞች የሆኑበት፣ ባለአንድ ወገን ቡድኖች ናቸው። የደን ጦጣዎች ባህርይ እንዲህ ነው። የሴቶቹን የክልላቸው ባለቤት ወንዱ ነው። ሴቶቹንና ክልሉን በመጠበቅ ብዙ ትግል አለበት። ለዚህም ይሆናል የወንዱ ክብደት የሴቷን እጥፍ የሚሆነው። አንድ ወንድ ሁለት ዓመት ወይም ከዚያ በላይ፣ እንዲህም ክልሉንም ሴቶቹንም እየተቆጣጠረ ይቆያል። ሥልጣኑን ከሌላ ቡድን በመጣ ወንድ ሲነጠቅ፣ በዚያም ቡድን አካባቢ እያንዣበበ ይቆያል። ይህን በመሰለ የሥልጣን ንጥቂያው አንዳንዴ ቶሎ ቶሎና ብዙ ሕፃኖች የሚሞቱበት ይሆናል። አንዳንዱ ጊዜ፣ የደረሱት ሴቶች ቁጥር በቡድኑ ውስጥ ብዙ ሲሆን፣ ብቸኛ ወንዶች ቡድኑን ተደብቀው ይቀላቀላሉ። ይህ ሁኔታ የቡድኑ አለቃ የሆነው ወንድ ሳይገነዘበው፣ በሴቶቹ ፍላጎት የተደበቁት ወንዶች ግንኙነት ያድጋሉ። በእንዲህ ያለ ጊዜ ከአለቅየው ይልቅ፣ የሰረቁት ወንዶች ልጆች ብዛት ሊኖራቸው ይችላል። አለቅየው ወንድ ሌሎች ወንዶችን በቡድኑ መሃል ባገኛቸው ቁጥር ያባርራቸዋል። ሆኖም፣ ቡድኑ ሴቶች ስርቆሽ ለመቆጣጣር አይችልም። ምክንያቱም በደን ወስጥ በሰፊው ተበትነው ስለሚመገቡ ነው። አንዳንዴ ሴቶቹ ራሳቸው እንግዳ ወንዶች ያባርራሉ። ሆኖም ሴቶቹ ብዙውን ጊዜ ከእንግዶቹ ወንዶች ግንኙነት ሲያደርጉ፣ በምርጫቸው ነው። ብዙ ጊዜ፣ ሥልጣን ነጣቂዎቹ ተደብቀው የቡድን አለቃውን የሚታዘቡ ወንዶች ናቸው። በየጊዜው አቅሙን ይፈትናሉ። በቡድኑ ክልል ገብተው የአለቅነት ድምፅ ያስማሉ። ሴቶቹን ያጠጋሉ። እንዲህ ሲሆን ወኔውን ያላሰየ ወንድ ለግልበጣ ምቹ ነው። ከተገለበጠም ሌሎች አድፍጠው ያሉ ስለሚኖሩ ፣ የመገለባበጥ ሰሞን ይሆናል።

    ጨኖዎች በድምፅና በአካላዊ ንቅናቄ ግንኙነታቸውን ያደርጋሉ። በተለያዩ ዓይነት ተግባሮች መገለጫ የሚሆኑ ሰባት ዓይነት ድምፆች አሏቸው። በቡድናቸው ውስጥ የሚታየው አብዛኛው ፀብ፣ በዋናው ወንድና ለአካለ መጠን ባልደረሱና ጎረምሳ ወንዶች መሃል የሚታየው ነው። በሴቶቹና ሕፃናትን በሚገድሉ ወንዶች መኻከል ከባድ ግጭት ያድጋል። በቡድኖች መኻከል የሚደረግ ግጭት የሚሆነው አልፎ አልፎ ነው። እንዲህ ያለ ግጭት የሚነሳው በድንበር አካባቢ በምግብ ሽኩቻ የተነሳ ነው።

    የእርግዝና ጊዜአቸውን 140 ቀን ነው። የልጆቻቸውን እድገትም ቀስ ያለ ነው። ከወለዱ ወዲያ ለሚቀጥለው እርግዝና 15 ወራት መቆየት አለባቸው። ሆኖም የወለደችው የሞተባት፣ በ45ኛው ቀን ግንኙነት ታደርጋለች። ስለዚህም ይመስላል አዲስ ወንድ የቡድን አለቅነቱን ሲያሸነፍ ሕፃናቱን የሚገድለው። እንዲህ በማድረግ የሴቶቹን የግንኙነት ጊዜ በብዙ ወራት ያሳጥረዋል።

    ምንጭ

    • ዶ/ር ሰሎሞን ይርጋ «አጥቢዎች» (2000)
    1. ^ (እንግሊዝኛ) Kingdon, J., Gippoliti, S., Butynski, T. M., Lawes, M. J., Eeley, H., Lehn, C. & De Jong, Y. (2008). Cercopithecus mitis. In: IUCN 2008. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Downloaded on 4 January 2009.
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    ዊኪፔዲያ ደራሲያን እና አርታኢዎች

    Inkima ( Kinyarwanda )

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    Inkima

    Inkima (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Cercopithecus mitis doggetti & kandti)

    N’ubwo ziboneka mu matsinda hamwe zitwa kandi Monas, zimwe ziboneka ziri kumwe n’izindi nk’Inkomo, Inyenzi cyangwa Ibishabaga.

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    Blue monkey

    provided by wikipedia EN

    The blue monkey or diademed monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) is a species of Old World monkey[3][4] native to Central and East Africa, ranging from the upper Congo River basin east to the East African Rift and south to northern Angola and Zambia. It sometimes includes Sykes', silver, and golden monkeys as subspecies.[1]

    Subspecies

    Several subspecies are recognised:[1]

    • Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii – Boutourlini's blue monkey, found in Western Ethiopia
    • Cercopithecus mitis elgonis – Elgon blue monkey
    • Cercopithecus mitis heymansi – Lomami River blue monkey, found in Congo
    • Cercopithecus mitis kolbi – Kolb's monkey, found in Kenya
    • Cercopithecus mitis mitis – Pluto monkey, found in Angola
    • Cercopithecus mitis moloneyi – Moloney's blue monkey[5]
    • Cercopithecus mitis opitsthosticus
    • Cercopithecus mitis schoutedeni – Schouteden's blue monkey, found in Congo
    • Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni – Stuhlmann's blue monkey

    At times, some of these have been regarded as full species, and additional subspecies have been considered valid, while others are not recognized by all authorities.

    Description

    Despite its name, the blue monkey is not noticeably blue; it has little hair on its face, and this does sometimes give a blue appearance, but it never has the vivid blue appearance of a mandrill, for example. It is mainly olive or grey apart from the face (which is dark with a pale or yellowish patch on the forehead – the "diadem" from which the species derives its common name), the blackish cap, feet, and front legs, and the mantle, which is brown, olive, or grey depending on the subspecies. Typical sizes range from 50 to 65 cm in length, (not including the tail, which is almost as long as the rest of the animal), with females weighing a little over 4 kg and males up to 8 kg.[6]

    Ecology

    Habitat

    The blue monkey is found in evergreen forests and montane bamboo forests, and lives largely in the forest canopy, coming to the ground infrequently. It is very dependent on humid, shady areas with plenty of water. It eats mainly fruit and leaves, but will take some slower-moving invertebrates. It prefers to live in tall trees, which provide both food and shelter, and is, therefore, like almost all guenons, suffering from the loss of its natural habitat. Where pine plantations replace natural forest, the monkey may be treated as a threat by foresters, since it sometimes strips bark from exotic trees in a search for food or moisture.[7] It is also hunted for bushmeat.

    Diet

    Blue monkeys eat fruits, figs, insects, leaves, twigs, and flowers.[8] "They are primarily frugivores, with 50% of their diet consisting of fruit, with leaves or insects as their main source of protein, with the rest of the diet being made up of seeds, flowers, and fungi. They rarely eat vertebrates. They eat a variety of plants, but concentrate on a few species, which means their population density is generally dependent on plant species' richness and diversity".[9]

    Behavior

    Cercopithecus mitis joins with the C. ascanius (red-tailed monkey) for extra protection.[10] Its interactions with red-tailed monkeys include interspecies grooming.[11] Their social system is mainly female because the males leave once they are mature.[12] The males have little to no interaction with the young. C. mitis is very territorial, so the young males must leave quickly to help themselves become more successful. They challenge the dominant male of another family. If they defeat the dominant male, they take over the leadership of that family, and this offers a place to live, socialization, and food supplies for the young males."[13] C. mitis is said to be nomadic.

    Social structure

    The blue monkeys live in female-philopatric social systems where females stay in their natal groups, while males disperse once they reach adulthood.[3] As a result, blue monkey groups usually consist of one male with several females and infants, giving rise to matrilinear societies.[3][14][15] Occasionally, solitary males are observed, which are probably transient, having left their natal group in search of a new group.[7][16][17]

    Social relationships

    In these female-bonded societies, only 5–15% of monkeys' activity budget is occupied by social interactions and the most common social interactions within a group are grooming and playing.[14][15][18][19][20] Relationships between group members vary: infants interact most frequently with their peers and adult or juvenile females[3] and are rarely seen near adult males.[7][3]

    Alloparenting is common among blue monkeys. The most common infant handlers are juvenile females, and usually one infant is carried by a number of alloparents. One hypothesis is that this allows the infant to learn to socialise at an early stage in life.[3]

    Interesting female-female relationships exist among blue monkeys. This relationship is believed to be shaped by their feeding ecology, which, in turn, is shaped by between-group and within-group competition.[20] Blue monkey females exhibit strong, aggressive competition between groups[14][15][19] and between other species because of their territorial character,[15][19] but milder though more frequent competition within groups.[15] Though earlier beliefs were that blue monkeys are not territorial, more current extended research[19] shows that earlier researchers misinterpreted the results because social interactions overall are infrequent. Moreover, overall agonism rates in blue monkeys are very low.[15][20] Within-group conflicts are mild and infrequent because females distance themselves from one another and feed at different sites to avoid competition.[15][20] Although blue monkeys were believed to be egalitarian, current extended research confirms that linear dominance hierarchy occurs in female blue monkeys,[15][19] which becomes more apparent when food resources are scarce.[15]

    Reproduction

    The mating system is polygynous, with a corresponding sexual dimorphism in size, as the males are the substantially larger sex. Females normally give birth every two years, during the onset of the warm, rainy season; gestation is around five months, and the infants are born with fur and with their eyes open. Group sizes range from 10 to 40, containing only a single adult male. It is often found in groups with other species of monkeys such as the red-tailed monkey and various red colobus monkeys.[21]

    C. mitis males mate with more than one female, but the females only mate with one male. The female attracts males to copulate with her through body language. They breed throughout the year.[22] "The groups can have up to 40 members and the females usually help to care for all of the young, not just their own."[23]

    References

    1. ^ a b c Groves, C. P. (2005). Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 157. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
    2. ^ Butynski, T.M.; de Jong, Y.A. (2019). "Cercopithecus mitis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2019: e.T4221A196007901. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T4221A196007901.en. Retrieved 19 November 2021.
    3. ^ a b c d e f Förster, Steffen; Cords, Marina (2005). "Socialization of infant blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni): Allomaternal interactions and sex differences". Behaviour. 142 (7): 869–896. doi:10.1163/1568539055010138. S2CID 85928885.
    4. ^ Hutchins, M., Kleiman, G.D., Geist, V., McDada, M.C. 2004. Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. 14:2. Gale Group.
    5. ^ "Moloney's White-collared Monkey". IUCN Red List. Accessed 2 September 2019. [1]
    6. ^ "Blue Monkey in Africa". africa-uganda-business-travel-guide.com. Retrieved 30 May 2020.
    7. ^ a b c MonkeyWorlds. "Blue Monkey – Monkey Facts and Information". Retrieved 25 May 2020.
    8. ^ "Blue Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis)." N.p., n.d. Web. 27. Apr. 2016.
    9. ^ (Samango Monkey Working Group).
    10. ^ Strawder, Nicole. "Cercopithecus Mitis (blue Monkey)." Animal Diversity Web . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 April 2016.
    11. ^ Lee, Z.H., Ang, A. & Ruppert, N. (26 August 2021). "First record of interspecies grooming between Raffles' Banded Langur and Long-tailed Macaque". Journal of Threatened Taxa. 13 (9): 19246–19253. doi:10.11609/jott.7510.13.9.19246-19253. Retrieved 5 September 2021.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
    12. ^ "Blue Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis)." N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Apr. 2016.
    13. ^ "Blue Monkey (Cercopithecus mitis)." N.p., n.d. Web. 27 April 2016.
    14. ^ a b c Cords, Marina (1986). "Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Diet of Two Forest Guenons, Cercopithecus ascanius and C. mitis". Journal of Animal Ecology. 55 (3): 811–827. doi:10.2307/4418. JSTOR 4418.
    15. ^ a b c d e f g h i Cords, Marina (2002). "Friendship among adult female blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis)". Behaviour. 139 (2–3): 291–314. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.505.6980. doi:10.1163/156853902760102681. S2CID 145357186.
    16. ^ "Blue monkey". Project Noah. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
    17. ^ "Blue Monkey". Get to African Wildlife safaris. Retrieved 25 May 2020.
    18. ^ Gathua JM. 2000. Intraspecific variation in foraging patterns of redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Dissertation Abstracts International 60-12:A,4497. Columbia University.
    19. ^ a b c d e Payne, H.F.P.; Lawes, M.J.; Henzi, S.P. (2003). "Fatal Attack on an Adult Female Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus: Implications for Female Dispersal in Female-Bonded Societies". International Journal of Primatology. 24 (6): 1245–1250. doi:10.1023/b:ijop.0000005990.39403.96. S2CID 24628028.
    20. ^ a b c d Pazol, Karen; Cords, Marina (2005). "Seasonal variation in feeding behavior, competition and female social relationships in a forest dwelling guenon, the blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni), in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya". Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 58 (6): 566–577. doi:10.1007/s00265-005-0953-3. S2CID 25637141.
    21. ^ Ghiglieri, Michael. East of the Mountains of the Moon: Chimpanzee Society in the African Rain Forest, The Free Press, 1988, pg. 238.
    22. ^ Strawder, Nicole. "Cercopithecus Mitis (blue Monkey)." Animal Diversity Web . N.p., n.d. Web. 27 April 2016.
    23. ^ "Blue Monkey (Cercopithecus Mitis). N.p., n.d. Web. 27 April 2016.
    Wikispecies has information related to Blue monkey.
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    Blue monkey: Brief Summary

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    The blue monkey or diademed monkey (Cercopithecus mitis) is a species of Old World monkey native to Central and East Africa, ranging from the upper Congo River basin east to the East African Rift and south to northern Angola and Zambia. It sometimes includes Sykes', silver, and golden monkeys as subspecies.

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    Cercopithecus mitis ( Spanish; Castilian )

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    El cercopiteco de diadema o mono azul (Cercopithecus mitis) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae nativo de África Central y Oriental, que habita entre el Valle del Rift y el río Congo, hasta norte de Angola y noroccidente de Zambia. Incluye nueve subespecies, entre las cuales están el mono azul (C. m. mitis), el guenon de cuello blanco (C. m. albogularis), el guenon dorado (C. m. kandti) y el guenon plateado (C. m. doggetti).

    Descripción

    Es una de las especies de mayor tamaño de su género: la longitud del cuerpo varía entre 40 y 70 cm y la de la cola entre 70 y 100 cm; el peso fluctúa entre 6 y 12 kg. Como los demás cercopitecos presenta un claro dimorfismo sexual, siendo el macho más grande que la hembra. El color del dorso es gris, marrón u oliváceo, según la subespecie, mientras que la cara ventral es más clara y las patas son casi negras. El nombre común se debe a una mancha en la frente en forma de diadema.

    Hábitat y comportamiento

    Permanece siempre cerca de fuentes, depósitos o corrientes de agua. Es arborícola y tiene hábitos diurnos. Vive en grupos territoriales formados por 10 a 40 individuos. Se alimenta principalmente de frutas, pero su dieta también incluye vegetales diversos y ocasionalmente larvas, lombrices y otros animales pequeños. El acoplamiento puede producirse en cualquier época del año.

    Referencias

    1. Kingdon, J., Gippoliti, S., Butynski, T.M., Lawes, M.J., Eeley, H., Lehn, C. & De Jong, Y. (2008). «Cercopithecus mitis». Lista Roja de especies amenazadas de la UICN 2014.2 (en inglés). ISSN 2307-8235. Consultado el 30 de octubre de 2014.

    Bibliografía

    • Groves, Colin(16 de noviembre de 2005). Wilson, D. E., y Reeder, D. M. (eds) (ed.). Mammal Species of the World, 3.ª edición edición, Johns Hopkins University Press.

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    Cercopithecus mitis: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

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    El cercopiteco de diadema o mono azul (Cercopithecus mitis) es una especie de primate catarrino de la familia Cercopithecidae nativo de África Central y Oriental, que habita entre el Valle del Rift y el río Congo, hasta norte de Angola y noroccidente de Zambia. Incluye nueve subespecies, entre las cuales están el mono azul (C. m. mitis), el guenon de cuello blanco (C. m. albogularis), el guenon dorado (C. m. kandti) y el guenon plateado (C. m. doggetti).

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    Cercopithecus mitis ( Basque )

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    Cercopithecus mitis edo Tximino urdina Cercopithecus generoko espezieetako bat da. Generoko guztiak bezala Afrikan bizi da. Kongo ibaitik Rift Handira bizi dira.

    Biologia Artikulu hau biologiari buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
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    Sinimarakatti ( Finnish )

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    Sinimarakatti (Cercopithecus mitis) on afrikkalainen apinalaji.

    Ulkonäkö ja koko

    Sinimarakatin yleisväri on harmaa; sinistä voi hyvällä tahdolla nähdä sen lähes karvattomassa naamassa. Kaulassa on valkoinen kaulus, käsivarret ovat muuta kehoa tummemmat. Tyypillinen pituus (ilman häntää) on 50–65 cm,. Koiras voi painaa kuusi kiloa, naaras jää alle viisikiloiseksi.[2]

    Levinneisyys

    Sinimarakatteja elää Afrikan itä-, keski- ja eteläosissa.[1]

    Elintavat

    Sinimarakatit elävät puissa 10–40 jäsenen perheryhminä, joihin kuuluu yksi aikuinen koiras ja useita naaraita sekä näiden keskenkasvuiset jälkeläiset. Ne ovat aktiivisia lähinnä päiväsaikaan. Tärkeintä ravintoa ovat hedelmät ja lehdet, mutta myös hidasliikkeiset selkärangattomat kuten etanat, toukat ja madot maistuvat marakateille.

    Lähteet

    1. a b Kingdon, J., Gippoliti, S., Butynski, T.M., Lawes, M.J., Eeley, H., Lehn, C. & De Jong, Y.: Cercopithecus mitis IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.1. 2008. International Union for Conservation of Nature, IUCN, Iucnredlist.org. Viitattu 8.7.2014. (englanniksi)
    2. Animal diversity
    Tämä nisäkkäisiin liittyvä artikkeli on tynkä. Voit auttaa Wikipediaa laajentamalla artikkelia.
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    Sinimarakatti (Cercopithecus mitis) on afrikkalainen apinalaji.

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    Cercopithecus mitis ( French )

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    Cercopithèque à diadème, Singe bleu, Singe argenté

    Cercopithecus mitis est une espèce de singes vivant entre autres dans l'altitude basse et moyenne du Mont Kenya, au Kenya. Il est appelé Singe bleu, Singe argenté, ou encore Singe de Stuhlmann, ou Cercopithèque à diadème, bien que ce nom soit aussi donné à l'espèce Cercopithecus albogularis.

    Répartition géographique et habitat

     src=
    Répartition géographique de Cercopithecus mitis en 2005

    Liste des sous-espèces

    Selon Mammal Species of the World (version 3, 2005) (6 octobre 2014)[1] :

    • sous-espèce Cercopithecus mitis boutourlinii
    • sous-espèce Cercopithecus mitis elgonis
    • sous-espèce Cercopithecus mitis heymansi
    • sous-espèce Cercopithecus mitis mitis
    • sous-espèce Cercopithecus mitis opisthostictus
    • sous-espèce Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni

    Notes et références

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    Cercopithecus mitis: Brief Summary ( French )

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    Cercopithèque à diadème, Singe bleu, Singe argenté

    Cercopithecus mitis est une espèce de singes vivant entre autres dans l'altitude basse et moyenne du Mont Kenya, au Kenya. Il est appelé Singe bleu, Singe argenté, ou encore Singe de Stuhlmann, ou Cercopithèque à diadème, bien que ce nom soit aussi donné à l'espèce Cercopithecus albogularis.

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    Cercopithecus mitis ( Italian )

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    Il cercopiteco dal diadema (Cercopithecus mitis Wolf, 1822) è un primate della famiglia Cercopithecidae.[2]

    Descrizione

    È una delle specie di maggiori dimensioni del suo genere: la lunghezza del corpo può variare tra i 40 e 70 cm, quella della coda tra 70 e 100 cm, il peso tra 6 e 12 kg. Come per gli altri cercopitechi, vi è un notevole dimorfismo sessuale, con il maschio più grande della femmina. Il colore del dorso è grigio, marrone o olivastro, a seconda delle sottospecie, mentre il lato ventrale è più chiaro e le zampe sono quasi nere. Il nome comune è dovuto ad una chiazza chiara presente sulla fronte.

    Distribuzione e habitat

    La specie è presente in zone dell'Africa centrale a ovest della Rift valley, in alcune regioni del Sudan e dell'Etiopia, nel bacino del Congo, nell'Angola settentrionale e nello Zambia nord-occidentale.

    Gli habitat sono diversi ma sempre caratterizzati dalla presenza di alberi e dalla vicinanza dell'acqua.

    Biologia

    Conducono vita arboricola ed hanno attività diurna. Vivono in gruppi territoriali, formati da 10 a 40 individui.
    Si nutrono soprattutto di frutta, ma la dieta comprende anche semi e altri vegetali e occasionalmente vermi e altri piccoli animali.
    L'accoppiamento può avvenire in qualsiasi periodo dell'anno.

    Sottospecie

    Sono note le seguenti sottospecie[2]

    • Cercopithecus mitis mitis, si trova in Malawi
    • Cercopithecus mitis heymansi
    • Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni
    • Cercopithecus mitis elgonis
    • Cercopithecus mitis botourlinii
    • Cercopithecus mitis opitsthosticus

    Note

    1. ^ (EN) Kingdon J., Gippoliti S., Butynski T.M., Lawes M.J., Eeley H., Lehn C. & De Jong Y. 2008, Cercopithecus mitis, su IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Versione 2020.2, IUCN, 2020.
    2. ^ a b (EN) Colin Groves, Cercopithecus mitis, in D.E. Wilson e D.M. Reeder (a cura di), Mammal Species of the World. A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference, 3ª ed., Johns Hopkins University Press, 2005, ISBN 0-8018-8221-4.

    Bibliografia

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    Cercopithecus mitis: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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    Il cercopiteco dal diadema (Cercopithecus mitis Wolf, 1822) è un primate della famiglia Cercopithecidae.

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    Vainikuotoji markata ( Lithuanian )

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    Binomas Cercopithecus mitis

    Vainikuotoji markata (lot. Cercopithecus mitis, angl. Blue monkey, vok. Diademmeerkatze) – šunbeždžionių (Cercopithecidae) šeimos primatas, priklausantis markatų pošeimiui.


    Vikiteka

    Nebaigta Šis straipsnis apie zoologiją yra nebaigtas. Jūs galite prisidėti prie Vikipedijos papildydami šį straipsnį.
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    Diadeemmeerkat ( Dutch; Flemish )

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    De diadeemmeerkat, blauwe meerkat of grijze meerkat (Cercopithecus mitis) is een soort van het geslacht echte meerkatten (Cercopithecus) en is blauwgrijs van kleur met zwarte ledematen die in de wouden van Oost- en Midden-Afrika leeft. Het sociaal systeem van deze soort lijkt waarschijnlijk op dat van de groene meerkatten.

    Uiterlijke kenmerken

    De diadeemmeerkat is een meerkat met een lange staart, langer dan de rest van het lichaam. De dikke vacht is blauwig zwart van kleur. Over de rug, het gezicht en de achterpoten zitten verspreid in de vacht zilveren of grijzen haren. Ook hebben deze delen vaak een olijfgroene glans. De kruin, voorpoten en staartpunt zijn geheel zwart en de oren zijn zwart met een grijze rand. Over de wenkbrauwen loopt een band van stijf lichter haar, de "diadeem". De buik en borst zijn grijzig tot zwart van kleur. De staart is dun, breder naar de punt toe. De ogen zijn amberkleurig.

    Verspreiding en leefgebied

    De diadeemmeerkat leeft in dichte regenwouden, waaronder in bergwouden tot op een hoogte van 3500 meter. Deze soort komt voor in Centraal- en Oost-Afrika, in het oosten van Congo-Kinshasa, het Rwenzori-gebergte en in Oost-Afrika tot de Grote Slenk, en ten zuidoosten van de Kongostroom tot het Malawimeer. Geïsoleerde populaties leven in bergen in Oost-Afrika en Ethiopië en in Angola langs de Cuanzarivier.

    Leefwijze

    De diadeemmeerkat is overdag actief. Hij waagt zich echter zelden in het zonlicht, en blijft meestal in de schaduw van het bladerendak verscholen. Hij zoekt in de bomen naar voedsel, soms ook op de bosbodem. Hij eet voornamelijk bladeren, bloemen, bessen, vruchten, en soms insecten, eieren en jonge vogeltjes.

    De diadeemmeerkat leeft in troepen van ongeveer tien dieren, bestaande uit een dominant mannetje, enkele verwante vrouwtjes en hun jongen. Vrouwtjes blijven hun hele leven lang bij dezelfde groep, mannetjes worden uit de groep gejaagd zodra ze volwassen zijn.

    Taxonomie

    Ook andere meerkatten, namelijk de witkeelmeerkat (Cercopithecus albogularis), de zilvermeerkat (Cercopithecus dogetti) en de gouden meerkat (Cercopithecus kandti), worden soms als ondersoorten van de blauwe meerkat beschouwd. Samen met deze soorten en de grote witneusmeerkat (Cercopithecus nictitans) vormt de diadeemmeerkat de nictitans-groep binnen het geslacht der makako's (Cercopithecus).

    Wikimedia Commons Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina Cercopithecus mitis op Wikimedia Commons.
    Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
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    Diadeemmeerkat: Brief Summary ( Dutch; Flemish )

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    De diadeemmeerkat, blauwe meerkat of grijze meerkat (Cercopithecus mitis) is een soort van het geslacht echte meerkatten (Cercopithecus) en is blauwgrijs van kleur met zwarte ledematen die in de wouden van Oost- en Midden-Afrika leeft. Het sociaal systeem van deze soort lijkt waarschijnlijk op dat van de groene meerkatten.

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    Koczkodan czarnosiwy ( Polish )

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    Koczkodan czarnosiwy[3] (Cercopithecus mitis) – gatunek małpy wąskonosej z rodziny koczkodanowatych (Cercopithecidae).

    Systematyka

    Wyróżniono kilka podgatunków C. mitis[3][1]:

    • C. mitis boutourliniikoczkodan diademowy
    • C. mitis elgoniskoczkodan elgoński
    • C. mitis heymansikoczkodan skryty
    • C. mitis mitiskoczkodan czarnosiwy
    • C. mitis opisthostictuskoczkodan plamkozady
    • C. mitis schoutedeni
    • C. mitis stuhlmannikoczkodan zairski

    Występowanie

    Izolowane populacje występują w lasach na południu i wschodzie Afryki. Tereny występowania sięgają aż po Zimbabwe, Kenię i Kongo.

    Dane liczbowe

    • Długość ciała: 40–70 cm
    • Długość ogona: 70–100 cm
    • Masa ciała: samiec 8–10 kg, samica 4–5 kg
    • Dojrzałość płciowa: 5-6 rok
    • Pora godowa: w zależności od miejsca występowania
    • Długość ciąży: 5-6 miesięcy
    • Liczba młodych: 1

    Wygląd i budowa ciała

    Głowa: Okrągła, z krótkim nosem. Nad oczyma znajduje się wyraźna przepaska z długich brwi. Kępki na uszach są białe.

    Sierść: Jest miękka i gęsta, na nogach i plecach ciemnobrązowa lub niebiesko-czarna. Na plecach i po bokach ciała w szarobrązowym odcieniu.

    Ogon: Jest bardzo długi i pomaga małpie utrzymać równowagę. Najczęściej jest uniesiony i łukowato wygięty.

    Nogi: Kończyny tylne są dłuższe niż przednie.

    Tryb życia

    Koczkodan czarnosiwy jest płochliwą i ostrożną małpą. Większość czasu spędza na najwyższych gałęziach drzew. Żyje w stadach, najaktywniejszy jest rano i pod wieczór. Upalne godziny popołudniowe spędza odpoczywając w cieniu gęstych gałęzi. Członkowie stada czyszczą sobie w tym czasie wzajemnie sierść, co przyczynia się do umacniania więzi w grupie.

    Stado koczkodanów składa się z 10-30 samic i jednego dojrzałego płciowo samca. Młode samice najczęściej przez całe życie pozostają ze swoją matką. Samiec nie musi całego życia spędzić z jednym stadem. Często związek trwa tylko kilka tygodni, nieraz lat, zawsze jednak samiec jest niekwestionowanym wodzem.

    Choć pojedyncze stada koczkodanów zamieszkują własne, ograniczone terytorium, którego bronią przed sąsiadami, często tworzą w ciągu dnia mieszane grupy z innymi gatunkami koczkodanów oraz z gazelami i szympansami.

    Pożywienie

    Podczas poszukiwania pożywienia całe stado przemieszcza się po swoim terytorium. Koczkodany czarnosiwe żywią się głównie owocami, ale nie gardzą też nasionami, pąkami, liśćmi, a nawet korą drzew. Ten wegetariański jadłospis uzupełniają owadami, jaszczurkami, ptakami i małymi ssakami.

    Ich nawyki nie różnią się od przyzwyczajeń innych małp wąskonosych. Pożywienie podają sobie jedną ręką. Afrykańscy farmerzy i leśnicy uważają koczkodany za szkodniki, ponieważ pustoszą ich zbiory.

    Rozmnażanie

    Pora godowa zmienia się w zależności od regionu występowania. W wilgotnych lasach tropikalnych parzenie następuje najczęściej w porze suchej, na wyżej położonych terenach jesienią. na innych obszarach może odbywać się cały rok. Jeśli w stadzie jeszcze inna samica ma ruję, do stada zostaje gościnnie przyjęty samotnie żyjący samiec.

    Samica miewa młode z reguły co 2 lata. Najczęściej rodzi się tylko jedno młode, przeważnie w nocy, na drzewie. Zaraz po urodzeniu chwyta się sierści matki na brzuchu. Długi ogon, który jest na początku sztywny, pomaga mu w utrzymaniu się.

    Przypisy

    1. a b Cercopithecus mitis, w: Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ang.).
    2. Kingdon, J., Gippoliti, S., Butynski, T.M., Lawes, M.J., Eeley, H., Lehn, C. & De Jong, Y. 2008, Cercopithecus mitis [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015 [online], wersja 2015-3 [dostęp 2015-10-05] (ang.).
    3. a b Włodzimierz Cichocki, Agnieszka Ważna, Jan Cichocki, Ewa Rajska, Artur Jasiński, Wiesław Bogdanowicz: Polskie nazewnictwo ssaków świata. Warszawa: Muzeum i Instytut Zoologii PAN, 2015, s. 46. ISBN 978-83-88147-15-9.

    Bibliografia

    1. Mały słownik zoologiczny: ssaki. Warszawa: Wiedza Powszechna, 1978.
    2. Strawder, N.: Cercopithecus mitis (ang.). (On-line), Animal Diversity Web, 2001. [dostęp 2 stycznia 2009].
    3. Cercopithecus mitis [w:] The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species [online] [dostęp 2009-01-02] (ang.).
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    Koczkodan czarnosiwy: Brief Summary ( Polish )

    provided by wikipedia POL

    Koczkodan czarnosiwy (Cercopithecus mitis) – gatunek małpy wąskonosej z rodziny koczkodanowatych (Cercopithecidae).

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    Cercopithecus mitis ( Portuguese )

    provided by wikipedia PT

    Macaco-de-diadema ou macaco-azul (Cercopithecus mitis) é uma espécie de Macaco do Velho Mundo[3][4] nativo do Centro e África Oriental, desde o leste do rio Congo até o sul e norte de Angola e Zâmbia. Às vezes é considerado subespécie de Cercopithecus albogularis, Cercopithecus doggetti e Cercopithecus kandti.[1]

    Subespécies

    Várias subspécies são reconhecidas:[1]

    • Cercopithecus mitis mitis
    • Cercopithecus mitis heymansi
    • Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni
    • Cercopithecus mitis elgonis
    • Cercopithecus mitis botourlinii
    • Cercopithecus mitis opitsthosticus

    Algumas são reconhecidascomo espécies separadas, e algumas classificações consideram mais subespécies ou menos.

    Referências

    1. a b c Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M. (eds.), ed. Mammal Species of the World 3 ed. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. 157 páginas. ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494
    2. Kingdon, J., Gippoliti, S., Butynski, T. M., Lawes, M. J., Eeley, H., Lehn, C. & De Jong, Y. (2008). Cercopithecus mitis (em inglês). IUCN 2012. Lista Vermelha de Espécies Ameaçadas da IUCN de 2012 . Página visitada em 4 de abril de 2013..
    3. Förster, S.; Cords, M. (2005). «Socialization of infant blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni): Allomaternal interactions and sex differences». Behaviour. 142 (7): 869–896. doi:10.1163/1568539055010138
    4. Hutchins, M., Kleiman, G.D., Geist, V., McDada, M.C. 2004. Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. 14:2. Gale Group.
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    Cercopithecus mitis: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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    Macaco-de-diadema ou macaco-azul (Cercopithecus mitis) é uma espécie de Macaco do Velho Mundo nativo do Centro e África Oriental, desde o leste do rio Congo até o sul e norte de Angola e Zâmbia. Às vezes é considerado subespécie de Cercopithecus albogularis, Cercopithecus doggetti e Cercopithecus kandti.

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    Diademmarkatta ( Swedish )

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    Diademmarkatta eller blå markatta (Cercopithecus mitis) är en primat i släktet markattor som förekommer i södra och östra Afrika.

    Kännetecken

    Med en kroppslängd mellan 40 och 70 cm, en svanslängd mellan 70 och 100 cm samt en genomsnittlig vikt av 4,3 (honor) respektive 6,9 kg (hannar) är arten en av de största i släktet.[2] Liksom hos andra markattor är hannar större än honor. Pälsen har på ryggen och sidorna en blågrå till rödgrå färg, buken är ljusare och extremiteterna är nästan svarta. Även de nakna delarna i ansiktet är mörkgrå till svarta.[3] Djurets namn syftar på framåtriktade vita hår över ögonen som liknar ett diadem.

    Utbredning och habitat

    Utbredningsområdet ligger i Afrika söder om Sahara och väster om Östafrikanska gravsänkesystemet. Regionen sträcker sig från Sudan och Etiopien över Kongoflodens slättland till norra Angola och nordvästra Zambia. Öster om gravsänkesystemet lever Cercopithecus albogularis som tidigare räknades som underart till diademmarkatta. Diademmarkatta lever i olika habitat men den behöver alltid träd och vattenansamlingar i närheten.[1]

    Levnadssätt

    Individerna är aktiva på dagen och de vistas vanligen på träd. De bildar flockar med 10 till 40 medlemmar som består av en hanne, flera honor och deras ungar. Varje grupp har ett revir som försvaras av alla medlemmar mot andra flockar. Å andra sidan förekommer ibland blandade flockar med andra markattor, som svartkindad vitnäsa (Cercopithecus ascanius).[4]

    Födan utgörs främst av frukter samt av andra växtdelar som blommor och blad. Diademmarkattan äter även ryggradslösa djur som maskar.[4]

    Honor kan para sig hela året och efter cirka fem månaders dräktighet föds vanligen ett enda ungdjur. Ungen avvänjas efter ungefär 6 månader och efter cirka 3 år är ungarna könsmogna. Unga könsmogna hannar måste lämna sin flock medan honor vanligen får stanna.[4]

    Naturliga fiender är leoparden, större ormar och rovfåglar. Livslängden är inte känd men det antas att individerna lever lika länge som andra markattor, alltså ungefär 20 år.[4]

    Hot

    Arten jagas liksom andra markattor när den besöker människans odlingar samt för köttets skull. Den hotas även av skogsavverkningar. IUCN listar arten på grund av det stora utbredningsområdet som livskraftig (least concern).[1]

    Systematik

    Tidigare räknades flera andra populationer av markattor som underarter till diademmarkattan. Dessa utgör nu självständiga arter men sammanfattas inom släktet markattor till en artgrupp, mitis-gruppen. För diademmarkattan skils numera mellan 6 underarter.[5]

    Referenser

    Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 4 april 2011.

    Noter

    1. ^ [a b c] Cercopithecus mitis på IUCN:s rödlista, auktor: Kingdon, J., Gippoliti, S., Butynski, T.M., Lawes, M.J., Eeley, H., Lehn, C. & De Jong, Y. 2008, läst 20 juni 2011.
    2. ^ Blue Monkey, theprimata.com (engelska), läst 20 juni 2011.
    3. ^ Lex Hes, red (1997). Cercopithecus mitis. The Complete Book of Southern African Mammals. Cape Town: Struik Publishers. sid. 111. ISBN 0-947430-55-5
    4. ^ [a b c d] Strawder, N. 2001 Cercopithecus mitis på Animal Diversity Web (engelska), besökt 20 juni 2011.
    5. ^ Wilson & Reeder (red.) Mammal Species of the World, 2005, Cercopithecus mitis

    Tryckta källor

    • Thomas Geissmann: Vergleichende Primatologie. Springer, Berlin 2003, ISBN 3540436456
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    Diademmarkatta: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

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    Diademmarkatta eller blå markatta (Cercopithecus mitis) är en primat i släktet markattor som förekommer i södra och östra Afrika.

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    Cercopithecus mitis ( Ukrainian )

    provided by wikipedia UK

    Опис

    C. mitis невеликі (важать від 4 до 6 кг) і деревні. Довжина тіла від 40 до 70 см, довжина хвоста від 70 до 100 см. Верхні частини тіла сірі, кінцівки темніші. Лице майже голе, як правило, темного кольору (рідко синє), і має добре розвинену мускулатуру. C. mitis також відома як діадемна мавпа, тому що має смугу блідого хутра трохи вище лінії брів. Білі вуса добре розвинені у самців. Самці більші за самиць. Ікла самців також трохи більші. Зубна формула: 2/2 1/1 3/3 2/2 = 32.

    Поширення

    Країни проживання: Ангола, Бурунді, Демократична Республіка Конго, Ефіопія, Кенія, Малаві, Мозамбік, Руанда, Сомалі, ПАР, Судан, Свазіленд, Танзанія, Уганда, Замбія, Зімбабве. Зустрічається від рівня моря до 3800 м над рівнем моря. Цей вид присутній в багатьох типах лісів, включаючи низовинні і гірські тропічні вологі ліси, річкові та галерейні ліси, ліси дельт річок і бамбукові ліси.

    Стиль життя

    Розмір групи становить від 2 до більш ніж 40 осіб. Мавпи харчуються в основному фруктами, також насінням, листям та іншими частинами рослин. Вони також доповнювати свій раціон безхребетними тваринами, такими як хробаки. Відомі хижаки: Panthera pardus.

    Спарювання може відбуватися протягом усього року. Період вагітності складає близько 176 днів, після чого зазвичай народжуються один малюк. Годування молоком триває близько шести місяців, статева зрілість настає в три роки. Самці повинні залишити їх рідну групу в цей час, самиці ж зазвичай залишаються. тривалість життя, ймовірно, близько 20 років.

    Загрози та охорона

    Немає серйозних загроз для цього виду в цілому. Хоча він, як правило, під загрозою до деякої міри в результаті збезлісення і фрагментації середовища проживання. Цьому виду також загрожує полювання в місцях (на продукти харчування, частини тварини також використовуються локально для традиційної медицини.

    Цей вид занесений до Додатка II СІТЕС. Цей вид присутній в багатьох охоронних територій по всьому ареалу.

    Посилання


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    Cercopithecus mitis ( Vietnamese )

    provided by wikipedia VI

    Cercopithecus mitis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Wolf mô tả năm 1822.[2]

    Hình ảnh

    Chú thích

    1. ^ Kingdon, J., Gippoliti, S., Butynski, T. M., Lawes, M. J., Eeley, H., Lehn, C. & De Jong, Y. (2008). Cercopithecus mitis. 2008 Sách đỏ IUCN. Liên minh Bảo tồn Thiên nhiên Quốc tế 2008. Truy cập ngày 4 tháng 1 năm 2009.
    2. ^ a ă Wilson, D. E.; Reeder, D. M. biên tập (2005). “Cercopithecus mitis”. Mammal Species of the World . Baltimore: Nhà in Đại học Johns Hopkins, 2 tập (2.142 trang). ISBN 978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC 62265494.

    Tham khảo


    Hình tượng sơ khai Bài viết liên quan đến Bộ Linh trưởng này vẫn còn sơ khai. Bạn có thể giúp Wikipedia bằng cách mở rộng nội dung để bài được hoàn chỉnh hơn.
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    Cercopithecus mitis: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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    Cercopithecus mitis là một loài động vật có vú trong họ Cercopithecidae, bộ Linh trưởng. Loài này được Wolf mô tả năm 1822.

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    Голубая мартышка ( Russian )

    provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию
    Латинское название Cercopithecus mitis Wolf, 1822 Ареал
    изображение

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    Систематика
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    ITIS 573005 NCBI 36225 Охранный статус
    Status iucn3.1 LC ru.svg
    Вызывающие наименьшие опасения
    IUCN 3.1 Least Concern: 4221

    Голуба́я марты́шка, или короно́ванная марты́шка[1] (лат. Cercopithecus mitis) — один из видов мартышек[2].

    Ареал

    Обитает в вечнозелёных лесах и горных бамбуковых рощах Центральной и Восточной Африки, от бассейна Верхнего Конго к востоку до Восточно-Африканского разлома и на юг до Северной Анголы и Замбии[3].

    Описание

    Небольшие приматы массой 4—6 кг, от 50 до 65 см в длину (без учета хвоста). Общий окрас серый иногда с голубоватым отливом, конечности темнее. У молодых особей заметны красновато-коричневые неотчетливые пятна. Другое название — коронованная — получила по белой полоске меха, растущего над бровями и направленного вперёд. Лицо обнажённое, обычно темного, иногда — голубого цвета. У самцов хорошо развиты бакенбарды (белого цвета) и клыки у них крупнее, чем у самок.

    Ведут древесный образ жизни. Держатся группами от 6 до 30, иногда до 200 особей. Размножение круглогодичное, беременность 5 месяцев, рождается 1 детёныш.

    Подвиды

    Выделяют от 6 до 17 подвидов[4]

    Иногда в качестве подвидов включают также белогорлую, серебристую и золотистую мартышек.

    Примечания

    1. Соколов В. Е. Пятиязычный словарь названий животных. Млекопитающие. Латинский, русский, английский, немецкий, французский. / под общей редакцией акад. В. Е. Соколова. — М.: Рус. яз., 1984. — С. 90. — 10 000 экз.
    2. Полная иллюстрированная энциклопедия. «Млекопитающие» Кн. 1 = The New Encyclopedia of Mammals / под ред. Д. Макдональда. — М.: «Омега», 2007. — С. 372—374. — 3000 экз. — ISBN 978-5-465-01346-8
    3. Wilson, Don E.; Reede, DeeAnn M. (2005). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference. JHU Press. p. 156. ISBN 0-8018-8221-4
    4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 The IUCN Red List (англ.)
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    Голубая мартышка: Brief Summary ( Russian )

    provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

    Голуба́я марты́шка, или короно́ванная марты́шка (лат. Cercopithecus mitis) — один из видов мартышек.

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    푸른원숭이 ( Korean )

    provided by wikipedia 한국어 위키백과

    푸른원숭이(Cercopithecus mitis) 또는 왕관원숭이중앙아프리카동아프리카가 원산지인 구세계원숭이의 일종이다.[3][4] 윗쪽으로는 콩고 강 분지에서부터, 동쪽으로는 그레이트 리프트 밸리 그리고 남쪽으로는 앙골라 북부와 잠비아에 이르는 지역에 분포한다.

    때로는 사이크스원숭이은색원숭이 그리고 황금원숭이를 푸른원숭이의 아종으로 분류하여 포함시킨다.[5]

    아종

    현재까지 인정되는 아종은 다음과 같다.[1]

    • Cercopithecus mitis mitis앙골라에서 발견되는 풀루토원숭이
    • Cercopithecus mitis heymansi
    • Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni – 스툴만푸른원숭이
    • Cercopithecus mitis elgonis – 엘곤푸른원숭이
    • Cercopithecus mitis botourlinii
    • Cercopithecus mitis opitsthosticus

    가끔은 이들 중 일부를 독립된 별도의 종으로 간주하기도 하고, 일부 아종을 추가하기도 하지만 모든 저자들이 인정하는 것은 아니다.

    특징

    이름이 푸른원숭이임에도 불구하고, 푸른원숭이는 눈에 띄게 파란 색은 아니며, 얼굴에 털이 약간 있어서 이것이 모습이 푸르게 보이도록 하지만, 일종의 맨드릴처럼 모습이 생생하게 파란 것은 결코 아니다. 이들은 얼굴과는 별개로(이마에 창백하거나 누르스름한 반점이 있으며, 이마의 이 반점에서 "왕관원숭이"라는 이름이 유래했다.) 주로 올리브색 또는 회색을 띠며, 거무스름한 관모와 발 그리고 앞다리, 아종에 따라 갈색과 올리브색 또는 회색을 띠는 외투를 지니고 있다. 통상적으로 몸길이는 50에서 65 cm정도(거의 나머지 몸길이 만큼의 꼬리는 제외하고)이고, 몸무게는 암컷은 약 4 kg을 약간 넘고 수컷은 8 kg에 달한다.

    서식지

    푸른원숭이는 상록수 숲과 저산대 숲에서 발견되며, 주로 숲의 캐노피에서 살며, 지상에는 거의 내려오지 않는다. 습기가 있고, 물이 많은 응달 지역에 크게 의존적인 동물이다. 주로 과일과 나뭇잎을 먹지만, 천천히 움직이는 무척추동물을 일부 먹는 것으로 추정된다. 먹이와 피난처를 제공하는 키 큰 나무에서 사는 것을 선호하며, 그렇기때문에, 거의 모든 게논원숭이들처럼, 자연 서식지 감소로 인해 피해를 입고 있다. 자연 숲을 대체한 소나무 조림 지역에서, 이 원숭이들은 먹이나 물을 구하기 위해 신종 나무의 나무껍질에 상처를 내기때문에 산림꾼들에게 골칫거리로 취급되고 있다. 또한 식용으로 사냥되고 있다.

    사회 구조

    푸른원숭이들은 성적으로 성숙해졌을 때, 수컷들이 자신의 집단에서 떠나는 반면에, 암컷들은 자신들이 태어난 집단에 계속 머무는 사회 구조에서 살고 있다.[3] 결과적으로, 푸른원숭이들은 보통 한 마리의 수컷과 여러 마리의 암컷 그리고 이들의 새끼들로 집단을 구성하며 이는 모계사회들의 기원이 된다(Rudran 1978; Lawes et al. 1994).[3][6][7] 가끔은, 짝을 짓지 못한 수컷들은 일시적이겠지만, 새로운 집단을 찾아 자신이 태어난 집단을 떠나는 것이 관찰되기도 한다(Rudran 1978).

    군집 생활 내의 관계

    이들 암컷 유대 사회에서는, 원숭이들의 행동의 약 5~15%를 사회적 행동이 차지하고 있으며, 집단 내에서 가장 흔한 사회적 행동들은 털 다듬기와 놀이이다.[6][7][8][9][10] 집단 구성원들 사이의 관계는 다양하다. 새끼들은 그들의 형제와 부모 또는 어린 암컷들과 매우 자주 상호 작용을 하며[3] 어른 수컷 근처에서는 드물게 발견된다(Rudran 1978).[3]

    각주

    1. Groves, C.P. (2005). Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M., 편집. 《Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference》 (영어) 3판. 존스 홉킨스 대학교 출판사. 157쪽. ISBN 0-801-88221-4. OCLC 62265494.
    2. “Cercopithecus mitis”. 《멸종 위기 종의 IUCN 적색 목록. 2008판》 (영어). 국제 자연 보전 연맹. 2008. 2009년 1월 4일에 확인함.
    3. Forster, S. Cords, M. 2005. Socialization of infant blue monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni): Allomaternal interactions and sex differences. Behaviour 142.7: 869-896
    4. Hutchins, M., Kleiman, G.D., Geist, V., McDada, M.C. 2004. Grzimek’s Animal Life Encyclopedia. 14:2. Gale Group.
    5. Groves, C. Wilson, D. E., & Reeder, D. M. 2005. Mammal Species of the World (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. P 157
    6. Cords M. 1986. Interspecific and Intraspecific Variation in Diet of Two Forest Guenons, Cercopithecus ascanius and C. mitis. Journal of Animal Ecology 55(3):811-827.
    7. Cords M. 2002. Friendship among Adult Female Blue Monkeys (Cercopithecus mitis) Behaviour 139(2/3):291-314.
    8. Gathua JM. 2000. Intraspecific variation in foraging patterns of redtail monkeys (Cercopithecus ascanius) in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Dissertation Abstracts International 60-12:A,4497. Columbia University.
    9. Payne HFP, Lawes MJ, Henzi SP. 2003. Fatal Attack on an Adult Female Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus: Implications for Female Dispersal in Female-Bonded Societies. International Journal of Primatology 24(6):1245-1250.
    10. Pazol K, Cords M. 2005. Seasonal variation in feeding behavior, competition and female social relationships in a forest dwelling guenon, the blue monkey (Cercopithecus mitis stuhlmanni), in the Kakamega Forest, Kenya. Behaviour 58(6):566-577.
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