Rhizobium

Rhizobium er ættkvísl Gram-neikvæðra jarðvegs baktería sem binda nítrógen. Rhizobium mynda innanfrumusamlíf í sambandi við rætur ertuættar og Parasponia.

Bakteríurnar búa í plöntufrumum í rótarhnýðum þar sem þau umbreyta nitri í lofti í ammoníak og gefa af sér nitursambönd svo sem glútamín eða ureide til plöntunnar. Á móti veitir plantan bakteríunum lífræn efni sem hún hefur myndað með ljóstillífun..^[2] Þetta er gagnkvæmt hagkvæmt samlífi sem er einkennandi fyrir Rhizobium ættkvíslina.

Saga

Beijerinck í Niðurlöndum var fyrstur til að einangra og rækta örveru úr rótum ertuplantna 1888. Hann nefndi hana Bacillus radicicola, og er hún nú staðsett í Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology undir ættkvíslinni Rhizobium.

Tegundir

• Rhizobium aggregatum (Hirsch and Müller 1986) Kaur et al. 2011^[3]
• Rhizobium alamii Berge et al. 2009
• Rhizobium alvei Sheu et al. 2015
• Rhizobium anhuiense Zhang et al. 2015
• Rhizobium azibense Mnasri et al. 2014
• Rhizobium azooxidifex Behrendt et al. 2016
• Rhizobium bangladeshense Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015
• Rhizobium binae Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015
• Rhizobium calliandrae Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
• Rhizobium capsici Lin et al. 2015
• Rhizobium cauense Liu et al. 2015
• Rhizobium cellulosilyticum García-Fraile et al. 2007
• Rhizobium daejeonense Quan et al. 2005
• Rhizobium ecuadorense Ribeiro et al. 2015
• Rhizobium endolithicum Parag et al. 2014
• Rhizobium endophyticum López-López et al. 2010
• Rhizobium etli Segovia et al. 1993^[4]
  • symbiovar mimosae
  • symbiovar phaseoli
• Rhizobium fabae Tian et al. 2008
• Rhizobium flavum Gu et al. 2014
• Rhizobium freirei Dall'Agnol et all. 2013
• Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al. 1997
  • symbiovar gallicum^[5]
  • symbiovar orientale^[6]
  • symbiovar phaseoli^[5]
• Rhizobium grahamii López-López et al. 2011
• Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al. 1997
• Rhizobium halophytocola Bibi et al. 2012
• Rhizobium halotolerans Diange and Lee 2013^[7]
• Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al. 2002
• Rhizobium jaguaris Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
• Rhizobium kunmingense Shen et al. 2010
• Rhizobium laguerreae Saïdi et al. 2014
• Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889
  • symbiovar trifolii
  • symbiovar viciae
• Rhizobium lemnae Kittiwongwattana & Thawai 2014
• Rhizobium lentis Harun-or Rashid et al. 2015
• Rhizobium leucaenae Ribeiro et al. 2011
• Rhizobium loessense Wei et al. 2003
• Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al. 2006
• "Candidatus Rhizobium massiliae" Greub et al. 2004.
• Rhizobium mayense Rincón-Rosales et al. 2013
• Rhizobium mesoamericanum López-López et al. 2011
• Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al. 2009
• Rhizobium metallidurans Grison et al. 2015
• Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al. 2008
• Rhizobium mongolense Van Berkum et al. 1998^[6]
• Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al. 2008
• Rhizobium naphthalenivorans Kaiya et al. 2012
• Rhizobium oryzicola Zhang et al. 2015
• Rhizobium pakistanensis Khalid et al. 2014
• Rhizobium paranaense Dall'Agnol et al. 2014
• Rhizobium petrolearium Zhang et al. 2012
• Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926 emend. Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008
• Rhizobium phenanthrenilyticum Wen et al. 2011
• Rhizobium pisi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008
  • symbiovar trifolii^[8]
  • symbiovar viciae^[8]
• Rhizobium pongamiae Kesari et al. 2013^[9]
• Rhizobium populi Rozahon et al. 2014
• Rhizobium qilianshanense Xu et al. 2013^[10]
• Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001
• Rhizobium rhizoryzae Zhang et al. 2014
• Rhizobium rosettiformans Kaur et al. 2011
• Rhizobium selenitireducens corrig. Hunter et al. 2008
• Rhizobium smilacinae Zhang et al. 2014
• Rhizobium soli Yoon et al. 2010
• Rhizobium sophorae Jiao et al. 2014
• Rhizobium sophoriradicis Jiao et al. 2014
• Rhizobium straminoryzae Lin et al. 2014
• Rhizobium subbaraonis Ramana et al. 2013
• Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al. 2002
• Rhizobium tarimense Turdahon et al. 2012^[11]
• Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al. 2009
• Rhizobium tropici Martínez-Romero et al. 1991
• Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al. 2011
• Rhizobium vallis Wang et all. 2011^[12]
• Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al. 2001^[6]
• Rhizobium yantingense Chen et al. 2015

Phylogeny

Núverandi viðurkennt ættartré samkvæmt List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ^[1] og National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)^[13] og ættartréð er byggt á 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 frá The All-Species Living Tree Project ^[14]

                             

Rhizobium lusitanum Valverde et al. 2006

   

Rhizobium rhizogenes (Riker et al. 1930) Young et al. 2001

   

Agrobacterium rubi Hildebrand 1940

       

Rhizobium multihospitium Han et al. 2008

   

Rhizobium tropici Martínez-Romero et al. 1991

     

Rhizobium miluonense Gu et al. 2008

       

Rhizobium leguminosarum (Frank 1879) Frank 1889 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008^[15]

         

Rhizobium endophyticum López-López et al. 2011

   

Rhizobium tibeticum Hou et al. 2009

     

Rhizobium etli Segovia et al. 1993

       

Rhizobium pisi Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008

     

Rhizobium phaseoli Dangeard 1926 (Approved Lists 1980) emend. Ramírez-Bahena et al. 2008

   

Rhizobium fabae Tian et al. 2008

     

Rhizobium hainanense Chen et al. 1997

       

Arthrobacter viscosus Gasdorf et al. 1965^[16]

   

Rhizobium alamii Berge et al. 2009

   

Rhizobium mesosinicum Lin et al. 2009

       

Rhizobium sullae Squartini et al. 2002

     

Rhizobium indigoferae Wei et al. 2002

     

Rhizobium gallicum Amarger et al. 1997

   

Rhizobium yanglingense Tan et al. 2001

     

Rhizobium mongolense Van Berkum et al. 1998

   

Rhizobium oryzae Peng et al. 2008

     

Rhizobium loessense Wei et al. 2003

     

Rhizobium tubonense Zhang et al. 2011

           

Rhizobium cellulosilyticum García-Fraile et al. 2007

   

Rhizobium soli Yoon et al. 2010

       

Neorhizobium galegae Lindström 1989

   

Neorhizobium vignae Ren et al. 2011

       

Neorhizobium huautlense Wang et al. 1998

   

Neorhizobium alkalisoli Lu et al. 2009

     

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