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Trophic Strategy

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Inhabits shallow waters, over turtle grass, sand or rocky bottom and around coral reefs (Ref. 3725). Young commonly found among floating Sargassum seaweeds (Ref. 3725). Feeds on plants, mainly on benthic algae, as well as on small crabs and mollusks (Ref. 6547). Also feeds on spinner dolphins’ feces and vomits at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southeast Atlantic. The offal feeding may be regarded as a simple behavioral shift from plankton feeding to drifting offal picking (Ref. 48727). Browser fish that bite off pieces of plants that project above the substrate (Ref. 40396). Feeds more on benthic algae but may occasionally graze on seagrasses on the bottom (Ref. 35209). Herbivore (Ref. 33499, 57616).
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Morphology

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Dorsal spines (total): 11; Dorsal soft rays (total): 11 - 12; Analspines: 3; Analsoft rays: 11
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Life Cycle

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Oviparous (Ref. 101771).
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Diagnostic Description

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Gray overall, with faint yellow lines on side and yellow line from corner of mouth to preopercle (Ref. 26938). Upper part pf opercular membrane blackish. The young may display pale spots nearly as large as eye on the head, body and fins (Ref. 13442). Each jaw with a regular row of close-set, strong, incisor-like, round-tipped teeth of a peculiar hockey stick-shape, their bases set horizontally, resembling a radially striated bony plate inside mouth (Ref 52729).
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Biology

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Inhabits shallow waters, over turtle grass, sand or rocky bottom and around coral reefs (Ref. 3725). Young commonly found among floating Sargassum seaweeds (Ref. 3725). Feeds on plants, mainly on benthic algae, as well as on small crabs and mollusks (Ref. 6547, 44187). Also feeds on spinner dolphins’ feces and vomits at Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, southeast Atlantic. The offal feeding may be regarded as a simple behavioral shift from plankton feeding to drifting offal picking (Ref. 48727). Marketed fresh (Ref. 3725).
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Importance

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fisheries: minor commercial; gamefish: yes; aquarium: public aquariums; price category: high; price reliability: questionable: based on ex-vessel price for species in this genus
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Kyphosus sectatrix

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A shot of 3 Bermuda chub seen off the coast of Islamorada, Florida.

Kyphosus sectatrix, the Bermuda chub, Pacific drummer, beaked chub, grey drummer, Pacific chub or white chub, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea chub from the family Kyphosidae. This species is found in tropical and subtropical coastal waters worldwide. It has had a confused taxonomic history dating back to Linnaeus's naming of the species in 1758.

Description

Kyphosus sectatrix has an elliptical body which is almost circular when looked at from the side, with a head than slopes from over the eye to the snout, making the fish appear to be beaked or snouted.[3] It lacks an obvious bulge on its forehead and it has a small, horizontal mouth which opens at the front.[4] There is a regular row of incisorform J shaped teeth with rounded tips which are set close together in the jaws which have their bases set horizontally creating something like a bony plate with radial striations within the mouth.[5] Ctenoid scales cover most of the body apart from the snout.[3] The dorsal fin is continuous,[4] and has its origin quite far to the rear of the head and longer than the anal fin.[3] The dorsal fin contains 11 spines and 11–12 soft rays while the anal fin has 3 spines and 11 soft rays.[2] The caudal fin is emarginate but not deeply so.[3] The lateral line has 63–81 scales of which 50–62 have pores.[4] This species may attain a maximum total length of 76 centimetres (30 in); a total length of around 50 centimetres (20 in) is more common. The maximum weight attained is 6 kilograms (13 lb).[2]

The colour of this species can be variable, normally it is greenish to bronze dorsally fading to pale greyish on the flanks and to silvery ventrally. There are faint gold horizontal lines on the body and there is frequently a white or silvery streak on the cheek below the eye, and a narrow pale stripe below the dorsal fin base. Sometimes individuals which are bright yellow in colour occur and these often have blotches or patches of black along with areas of paler yellow or whitish colour. The juveniles are grey and have white or pale spots on their bodies and fins.[5]

Distribution

Kyphosus sectatrix has a circumglobal distribution and is found in the warmer areas of all the world's oceans. In the eastern Atlantic Ocean it has been recorded from St Helena and Ascension Island the Azores, the Canary Islands, it has been reported from the Algarve in Portugal and there are records from the Mediterranean. In the western Atlantic it is found off Bermuda, in the Sargasso Sea, in the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean Sea. It has been recorded from the Trinidade Islands of Brazil. It is thought likely that it occurs along the coast of northwest Africa and as far north as Portugal. In the Indian Ocean it has been recorded from Réunion and Indonesia but likely is far more widespread and probably occurs along the eastern African coast into the Red Sea and along the southern Asian coast. In the western Pacific it has been recorded from southern Japan to the Coral Sea and northern New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands,[3] along the eastern coast of Australia from Heron Island, Queensland to Ulladulla, New South Wales and in the Tasman Sea from Norfolk Island and Lord Howe Island.[5] It extends across the Pacific through Polynesia to Hawaii and at least as far east as the Revillagigedo Islands.[4]

Habitat and biology

Kyphosus sectatrix forms schools, often mixed with other related species, on shallow reefs, frequently these are observed in the surge zone but it also occurs above algal reefs and in seagrass beds, over sandy and rocky substrates, and reef flats. Juveniles commonly shelter among floating rafts of Sargassum and this allows them to disperse over vast distances.[5] This is an omnivorous species which feeds mostly on benthic algae and also on as well as on small crabs and molluscs. Off the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago in the southeast Atlantic it has been observed feeding on the faeces and vomit of spinner dolphins (Stenella spp) and this feeding off mammalian waste has been suggested to be simple behavioural change from feeding on plankton to picking out drifting particles of waste.[2] When feeding on algae they appear to prefer brown algae.[3]

Taxonomy

Kyphosus sectatrix was first formally described and named as Perca saltatrix by Linnaeus in 1758 but changed it to Perca sectatrix in 1766 as he had intended to base the name on Mark Catesby's previous name for the "rudderfish" Perca marina sectatrix and the uses of salatatrix had been a lapsus.[6] Given the circumglobal distribution of this species and the difficulty of identification a number of names have been assigned to populations around the world which have since been shown by morphological and molecular studies to be junior synonyms of K. sectatrix. These include Kyphosus pacificus which was described in 2004 as distinct from Kyphosus bigibbus in the Pacific but the workers did not compare K. pacificus with any specimens from the Atlantic. Another synonym is K. lutescens from the Revillagigedo Islands which was named by David Starr Jordan and Charles Henry Gilbert in 1889 and based on yellow specimens taken there but this taxon is also probably a junior synonym of K. sectatrix.[3][7]

References

  1. ^ Carpenter, K.E.; Robertson, R.; Pina Amargos, F.; Curtis, M. (2015). "Kyphosus sectatrix". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2015: e.T198561A16644027. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-4.RLTS.T198561A16644027.en. Retrieved 20 November 2021.
  2. ^ a b c d Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.) (2019). "Kyphosus sectatrix" in FishBase. December 2019 version.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g Steen Wilhelm Knudsen & kendall D. Clements (2013). "Revision of the Fish Family Kyphosidae". Zootaxa. 3751: 1–101. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3751.1.1.
  4. ^ a b c d "Species: Species: Kyphosus sectatrix, Revillagigedos sea-chub". Shorefishes of the Eastern Pacific online information system. Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  5. ^ a b c d Bray, D.J. (2016). "Kyphosus sectatrix". Fishes of Australia. Museums Victoria. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  6. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Perca saltatrix". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  7. ^ Eschmeyer, William N.; Fricke, Ron & van der Laan, Richard (eds.). "Species in the genus Kyphosus". Catalog of Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 28 April 2020.
  • Paul Humann & Ned DeLoach, Reef Fish - Third Edition, (New World Publications, Jacksonville, Florida 2002) ISBN 1-878348-30-2
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Kyphosus sectatrix: Brief Summary

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A shot of 3 Bermuda chub seen off the coast of Islamorada, Florida.

Kyphosus sectatrix, the Bermuda chub, Pacific drummer, beaked chub, grey drummer, Pacific chub or white chub, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea chub from the family Kyphosidae. This species is found in tropical and subtropical coastal waters worldwide. It has had a confused taxonomic history dating back to Linnaeus's naming of the species in 1758.

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Kyphosus sectatrix ( Basque )

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Kyphosus sectatrix Kyphosus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Kyphosidae familian sailkatzen da.

Banaketa

Erreferentziak

  1. Froese, Rainer & Pauly, Daniel ed. (2006), Kyphosus sectatrix FishBase webgunean. 2006ko apirilaren bertsioa.

Ikus, gainera

(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("Gadget "ErrefAurrebista" was not loaded. Please migrate it to use ResourceLoader. See u003Chttps://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berezi:Gadgetaku003E.");});
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Kyphosus sectatrix: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Kyphosus sectatrix Kyphosus generoko animalia da. Arrainen barruko Kyphosidae familian sailkatzen da.

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Kyphosus sectatrix ( French )

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La calicagère blanche, Kyphosus sectatrix, est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Kyphosidae. Kyphosus signifie voûté, bossu tandis que sectatrix signifie suiveuse dans le sens disciple en grec, cela est sans doute dû au fait que c’est une espèce grégaire[1]. Elle vit dans les eaux côtières tropicales et subtropicales du monde entier et a été découverte par Linnaeus en 1758[2].

Description

Caractéristiques principales

Kyphosus sectatrix a une longueur moyenne de 50 à 60 cm et sa longueur maximale est de 76 cm[1]. Son poids maximal est de 6 kg[3].

Morphologie et anatomie

Corps

Kyphosus sectatrix est caractérisé par un corps modérément profond et haut.

Sa tête est courte et inclinée du dessus de l'œil au museau, donnant au profil de la tête un aspect pointu ou en bec. Le museau est aussi long que le diamètre des yeux et la largeur inter-orbitaire est relativement étroite.

Les dents sont lancéolées et ressemblent à des incisives et sont disposées en une seule rangée sur la mâchoire supérieure et inférieure. Un plus petit groupe de petites dents coniques sont disposées en 3-4 rangées sur le toit et le plancher de la bouche, situées bien en arrière de la rangée externe avant des dents.[2]

La nageoire dorsale a 10-11 épines et 11-12 rayons mous tandis que la nageoire anale possède 2-3 épines et 10-12 rayons mous. La base de la partie épineuse de la nageoire dorsale est plus longue que la base de la partie molle et la base de la nageoire anale est plus courte que la base de la nageoire dorsale. Ensuite, la nageoire caudale n'est pas profondément émarginée. Le pédoncule caudal, lui, est relativement long mais pas profond. Enfin, la nageoire pelvienne est plus courte que la nageoire pectorale[2].

Il possède des écailles rugueuses qui couvrent le corps à partir de la région inter-orbitaire, de la joue, de la région post-orbitaire et postérieurement à travers le corps jusqu'à la nageoire caudale[2].

Couleur

Cette espèce a une couleur assez variable. En effet, les juvéniles sont grisâtres et possèdent des taches pâles sur la tête, le corps ainsi que les nageoires. Lorsqu’il grandit, son dos devient verdâtre à bronze alors que les flancs deviennent grisâtres pâles et le ventre argenté. Il possède aussi deux bandes longitudinales dorées. Certains individus sont parfois jaunes vifs avec des taches noires.[2]

Comportement

Alimentation

Cette espèce est herbivore. Elle se nourrit principalement d’algues benthiques brunes. Elle peut aussi se nourrir de crustacés benthiques mobiles tels que des crevettes ou des crabes de temps en temps.[1]

Dans l‘archipel de Fernando de Noronha au Brésil, il a aussi été observé une fois que ce poisson se nourrissait de fèces ainsi que de vomis du dauphin à long bec[1].

Reproduction

C’est une reproduction sexuée et comme toutes les espèces du genre Kyphosus, Kyphosus sectatrix est ovipare.

Kyphosus sectatrix est une espèce gonochorique. Entre les mois de janvier et de mars, des bancs de centaines d’individus se forment dans les zones de frai quelques jours après la pleine lune. Certains vont relâcher leurs gamètes quatre à cinq mètres plus loin, ensuite, tout le groupe va les suivre afin de relâcher aussi leurs gamètes. Les gamètes sont relâchés dans l’eau, on a donc affaire à une fécondation externe. La reproduction se passe en même temps que celle des mérous afin d’avoir une meilleure chance de survie face aux prédateurs. Lors de la reproduction, les mâles prennent une couleur noire avec une tête blanche[1].

Ecologie

Répartition et habitat

K. sectatrix est présente du Pacifique Ouest jusqu'aux îles Revillagigedo dans le Pacifique Est, ainsi que dans l'océan Indien, la mer Rouge, l'Atlantique et la Méditerranée[2].

Kyphosus sectatrix est une espèce diurne associée aux récifs, elle habite les eaux peu profondes, au-dessus des fonds sableux ou rocheux, autour des récifs coralliens et des plaines récifales. On la retrouve à une profondeur allant jusque 25-30 mètres. Elle se plait dans des eaux entre 18° et 30°C.[4]

Les poissons juvéniles se trouvent souvent parmi les algues flottantes Sargassum et peuvent se disperser sur de grandes distances.[5]

Cette espèce est souvent rencontrée en tant qu'individus solitaires ou en bancs mixtes avec K. bigibbus, K. cinerascens, et K. vaigiensis[2].

Rôle écosystémique

C’est un poisson herbivore qui se spécialise dans le broutage de grandes algues et est donc particulièrement important dans les récifs coralliens car son activité sert de régulateur dans la compétition algues-coraux, permettant d’éviter que les algues prennent le dessus sur les coraux[6]. Cette espèce a tendance à migrer et circuler sur des surfaces allant de 1,5 à 5,2 km² dans les récifs coralliens.[7]

Relation avec l'Homme

C’est un poisson qui est le plus souvent collecté à l'aide de filets maillants, de lignes à main et de harpons mais aussi à l’hameçon par des pêcheurs de loisirs. Il est très bon dans le cas où les filets ont bien été nettoyés, cela permet d’éviter la contamination par des viscères malodorants. Dans le golfe du Mexique, cette espèce est capturée comme prise accidentelle dans les pêcheries ciblant le maquereau qui utilisent des filets maillants.[5]

Il est également présent dans les aquariums publics.[1]

On lui a donné le surnom de poisson-sabre parce qu'on le voit souvent suivre les navires pour les déchets qui y sont déversés.[5]

Notes et références

  1. a b c d e et f « Kyphosus sectatrix | DORIS », sur doris.ffessm.fr (consulté le 27 avril 2021)
  2. a b c d e f et g (en) Steen Wilhelm Knudsen et Kendall D. Clements, « Revision of the fish family Kyphosidae (Teleostei: Perciformes) », Zootaxa, vol. 3751, no 1,‎ 23 décembre 2013, p. 1–101 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 27 avril 2021)
  3. « Kyphosus sectatrix, Bermuda sea chub : fisheries, gamefish, aquarium », sur www.fishbase.se (consulté le 27 avril 2021)
  4. (en) « Kyphosus sectatrix - Pacific Drummer », sur www.reeflifesurvey.com (consulté le 27 avril 2021)
  5. a b et c « The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species », sur IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (consulté le 27 avril 2021)
  6. (en) David J. Crossman, J. Howard Choat et Kendall D. Clements, « Nutritional ecology of nominally herbivorous fishes on coral reefs », Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol. 296,‎ 12 juillet 2005, p. 129–142 (ISSN et , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 27 avril 2021)
  7. (en) Richard S. Nemeth et Elizabeth Kadison, « Temporal patterns and behavioral characteristics of aggregation formation and spawning in the Bermuda chub (Kyphosus sectatrix) », Coral Reefs, vol. 32, no 4,‎ 1er décembre 2013, p. 1067–1076 (ISSN , DOI , lire en ligne, consulté le 27 avril 2021)

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Kyphosus sectatrix: Brief Summary ( French )

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La calicagère blanche, Kyphosus sectatrix, est une espèce de poissons de la famille des Kyphosidae. Kyphosus signifie voûté, bossu tandis que sectatrix signifie suiveuse dans le sens disciple en grec, cela est sans doute dû au fait que c’est une espèce grégaire. Elle vit dans les eaux côtières tropicales et subtropicales du monde entier et a été découverte par Linnaeus en 1758.

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Kyphosus saltatrix ( Italian )

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Il Kyphosus saltatrix (syn .Kyphosus sectator, noto in italiano come pesce timone o salpa delle Bermuda, è un pesce osseo marino della famiglia Kyphosidae.

Distribuzione e habitat

È presente nell'Oceano Atlantico tropicale sia sulle coste africane che su quelle americane. Nel Mar Mediterraneo è rarissimo e noto solo per pochi esemplari, provenienti anche dalle acque italiane.

Si tratta di una specie strettamente costiera, che frequenta fondali di vario tipo soprattutto in zone ricche di vegetazione.

Descrizione

Ha un aspetto simile a quello degli sparidi, alto e compresso lateralmente, con una sola pinna dorsale con raggi spinosi. La bocca è piccola, rivolta in basso e il muso arrotondato. Gli occhi sono grandi e molto vicini alla punta del muso

Il colore è grigio o bruno, argenteo, con linee longitudinali grigiastre o dorate. Sotto gli occhi c'è una macchia chiara con una linea scura sottostante.

Può raggiungere il mezzo metro di lunghezza.

Biologia

È una specie gregaria. Spesso i banchi seguono le imbarcazioni tenendosi vicino al timone.

Alimentazione

È prevalentemente vegetariano ma non disdegna piccoli animaletti bentonici.

Pesca

Si cattura con le reti da posta, mentre è difficile da prendere all'amo.

Le carni sono commestibili.

Bibliografia

  • Tortonese E. Osteichthyes, Calderini, 1975
  • Tortonese E. Ambienti e pesci dei mari tropicali, Calderini, 1983
  • Costa F. Atlante dei pesci dei mari italiani, Mursia, 1991 ISBN 8842510033
  • Louisy P., Trainito E. (a cura di) Guida all'identificazione dei pesci marini d'Europa e del Mediterraneo. Milano, Il Castello, 2006. ISBN 888039472X

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Kyphosus saltatrix: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Il Kyphosus saltatrix (syn .Kyphosus sectator, noto in italiano come pesce timone o salpa delle Bermuda, è un pesce osseo marino della famiglia Kyphosidae.

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Kyphosus saltatrix ( Dutch; Flemish )

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Vissen

Kyphosus saltatrix is een straalvinnige vissensoort uit de familie van de loodsbaarzen (Kyphosidae).[1] De wetenschappelijke naam van de soort is voor het eerst geldig gepubliceerd in 1758 door Linnaeus.

Bronnen, noten en/of referenties
  1. (en) Kyphosus sectatrix. FishBase. Ed. Ranier Froese and Daniel Pauly. 02 2013 version. N.p.: FishBase, 2013.
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Kyphosus sectatrix ( Portuguese )

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Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus, 1758), conhecida pelos nomes comuns de patruça, preguiçosa, salema-do-brasil e pirangica, é uma espécie de peixe perciforme da família Kyphosidae,[5] comum nas águas pouco profundas do Atlântico tropical e subtropical. A espécie atinge no máximo cerca de 76 cm de comprimento,[6] sendo objeto de uma pescaria comercial de pequena escala, com a maioria das capturas feita pela pesca artesanal.

Descrição

K. sectatrix é uma espécie típica da família dos Kyphosidae,[7] apresentando corpo oval-oblongo, lateralmente comprimido, com coloração uniforme cinzento-azulada com reflexos prateados, com ténues linhas amarelas nos flancos e uma estreita linha amarelada desde a boca até ao pré-opérculo. Pode atingir 76 cm de comprimento corporal e os 6 kg de peso, mas a maioria dos espécimes não ultrapassa o 50 cm de comprimento. A face ventral é mais clara e não apresenta brilho.

A cabeça é pequena, mais escura, terminando num focinho rombo, com boca pequena, terminal e lábios grossos.

As barbatanas dorsal e anal são acinzentadas, pouco elevadas e com raios espiniformes delgados. A barbatana dorsal apresenta 11 espinhos e 11-12 lepidotríquias (raios). A barbatana anal apresenta 3 espinhos e 11 lepidotríquias.[8][9][10][11]

A espécie é herbívora, alimentam-se de principalmente de algas bentónicas, plantas marinhas[12][13] e pequenos crustáceos e moluscos.[14][15] Em Fernando de Noronha, no Atlântico equatorial, os excrementos de golfinho também formam parte da sua dieta.[8]

É um peixe marinho demersal, associado aos recifes[16] das regiões oceânicas de clima subtropical e tropical (42°N-33°S) que vive entre 1 e 30 m de profundidade, preferindo a faixa entre 1 e 10 m de profundidade.[8][17][18]

Tem uma distribuição natural alargada no Atlântico ocidental (desde o Canadá[19], Massachusetts, Bermuda e costas do Brasil,[20][21][22][23] incluindo o Golfo do México e o mar das Caraíbas)[24][25][26][27][28] e no Atlântico oriental (desde o sul de Marrocos até ao golfo da Guiné, Santa Helena e ilha de Ascensão). É rara no Mediterrâneo,[29][30][31][32] nos Açores e na Madeira.[8][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68]

A espécie é capturada pela pesca artesanal e comercializada em fresco.[69] É inofensiva para os humanos.[8]

Notas

  1. Lacépède B. G. E., 1801. Histoire naturelle des poissons. Hist. Nat. Poiss. v. 3. i-lxvi + 1-558.
  2. uBio (em inglês)
  3. Linnaeus, C., 1758. Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio decima, reformata. - pp. (1-4), 1-824. Holmiæ. (Salvius). [1]
  4. Catalogue of Life.
  5. Ed. Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel. «"Kyphosus sectator. www.fishbase.org (em inglês). FishBase
  6. "Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus, 1758) - Bermuda sea chub". FishBase.
  7. The Taxonomicon (em inglês)
  8. a b c d e FishBase (em inglês)
  9. Edwards, A., 1990. Fish and fisheries of Saint Helena Island. Centre for Tropical Coastal Management Studies, University of Newcastle upon Tyne.
  10. Bauchot, M.-L., 1987. Poissons osseux. p. 891-1421. A W. Fischer, M.L. Bauchot & M. Schneider (eds.) Fiches FAO d'identification pour les besoins de la pêche. (rev. 1). Méditerranée et mer Noire. Zone de pêche 37. Vol. II. Commission des Communautés Européennes and FAO, Roma.
  11. IGFA, 2001. Base de dades de registos de pesca IGFA até 2001. IGFA, Fort Lauderdale, Florida.
  12. Randall, J.E. 1967 Food habits of reef fishes of the West Indies. Stud. Trop. Oceanogr. Miami 5: 665-847.
  13. Randall, J.E., 1965. Grazing effect on sea grasses by herbivorous reef fishes in the West Indies. Ecology 46(3):255-260.
  14. Tortonese, E., 1986. Kyphosidae. P. 912-913. A: P.J.P. Whitehead, M.-L. Bauchot, J.-C. Hureau, J. Nielsen i E. Tortonese (eds.). Fishes of the north-eastern Atlantic and the Mediterranean. UNESCO, Paris. vol. 2. 492 p.
  15. Fedoryako, B.I., 1980. The Ichthyofauna of the surface waters of Sargasso sea south-west of Bermudas. J.Ichthyol. 20(4):1-9.
  16. Hardy, J.D. Jr., 2003. Coral reef fish species. NOAA ational Oceanographic Data Center. NODC Coral Reef Data and Information Management System. Estados Unidos. 537 p.
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Kyphosus sectatrix: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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Kyphosus sectatrix (Linnaeus, 1758), conhecida pelos nomes comuns de patruça, preguiçosa, salema-do-brasil e pirangica, é uma espécie de peixe perciforme da família Kyphosidae, comum nas águas pouco profundas do Atlântico tropical e subtropical. A espécie atinge no máximo cerca de 76 cm de comprimento, sendo objeto de uma pescaria comercial de pequena escala, com a maioria das capturas feita pela pesca artesanal.

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