Ash

参见本文。

梣树（学名：Fraxinus）是木犀科梣属落叶乔木的通称，约有60个物种。产于温带和亚热带地区，在中国有近30种，北方、南方和中部都有种植。

其学名来自于拉丁语的“矛”，因为当时士兵们作战用的武器长矛的柄是用梣木制作的。在斯堪的纳维亚神话中，世界由一棵梣树支撑着。在希腊神话中，宙斯创造人类之初，人是从梣树里诞生的。

梣树叶子对生，羽状带齿，花有两性，花序锥形，花冠常呈四裂，雄蕊两个，柱头二裂，果实翅形，子叶扁平。

梣树的根和叶子具有利尿、消炎等药理功能。

部分物种

开花的梣树

梣树的果实

北美洲东部

• Fraxinus americana L. – White Ash
• Fraxinus caroliniana Mill. – Carolina Ash
• Fraxinus nigra Marshall – Black Ash
• Fraxinus pennsylvanica Marshall 美国红梣
• Fraxinus profunda (Bush) Bush – Pumpkin Ash
• Fraxinus quadrangulata Michx. – Blue Ash
• Fraxinus tremillium – Indigo Ash

北美洲西部和西南部

• Fraxinus anomala Torr. ex S.Watson – Singleleaf Ash
• Fraxinus berlandieriana DC. – Mexican Ash
• Fraxinus cuspidata Torr. – Fragrant Ash
• Fraxinus dipetala Hook. & Arn. – California Ash or Two-petal Ash
• Fraxinus dubia
• Fraxinus gooddingii – Goodding's Ash
• Fraxinus greggii A.Gray – Gregg's Ash
• Fraxinus latifolia Benth. – Oregon Ash
• Fraxinus lowellii – Lowell Ash
• Fraxinus papillosa Lingelsh. – Chihuahua Ash
• Fraxinus purpusii
• Fraxinus rufescens
• Fraxinus texensis

(A.Gray) Sarg. – Texas Ash

• Fraxinus uhdei (Wenz.) Lingelsh. – Shamel Ash or Tropical Ash
• Fraxinus velutina Torr. – 绒毛白蜡

古北界西部（欧洲、北非和西南亚)

• Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl – Narrow-leafed Ash or Caucasian Ash
  • Fraxinus angustifolia subsp. oxycarpa – Claret Ash or Raywood Ash
• Fraxinus dimorpha
• Fraxinus excelsior L. – 欧洲白蜡树
• Fraxinus holotricha Koehne
• Fraxinus ornus L. – Manna Ash or Flowering Ash
• Fraxinus syriaca
• Fraxinus pallisiae Wilmott – Pallis' Ash

古北界东部（中亚和东亚）

• Fraxinus apertisquamifera
• Fraxinus baroniana – 狭叶梣
• Fraxinus bungeana DC. – 小叶梣
• Fraxinus chinensis Roxb. – 白蜡树
• Fraxinus chiisanensis
• Fraxinus floribunda Wall. – 多花梣
• Fraxinus griffithiiC.B.Clarke – 光腊树
• Fraxinus hubeiensis
• Fraxinus japonica – Japanese Ash
• Fraxinus lanuginosa
• Fraxinus longicuspis
• Fraxinus malacophylla– 白枪杆
• Fraxinus mandschurica Rupr. – 水曲柳
• Fraxinus mariesii – 庐山梣
• Fraxinus micrantha Lingelsh.
• Fraxinus paxiana Lingelsh.
• Fraxinus platypoda – 象蜡树
• Fraxinus raibocarpa Regel
• Fraxinus sieboldiana Blume – Japanese Flowering Ash
• Fraxinus spaethiana Lingelsh. – Späth's Ash
• Fraxinus trifoliata
• Fraxinus xanthoxyloides (G.Don) Wall. ex DC. – 椒叶梣^[2][3]

参考文献

外部链接

• （简体中文）中国数字植物标本馆中的相关内容：梣树