dcsimg

Comments

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Medicinal, ornamental.

A very wide range of flower colors has been developed within cultivars.

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Flora of China Vol. 17: 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Comments

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Decoction is given in tetanus rheumatism and malaria. Essential oil contains camerene, isocamerane and micranene.

A favourite ornamental of our gardens with highly variable flower colours, stature, indumentum and pricklness. A number of varieties, of indefinite consatancy in flower colour have been recognized by some authors; some of these, seen from the area, are as follows:

1. var. camara : flowers orange-yellow, turning red or scarlet.

1. var. flava (Medic.) Moldenke: flowers yellow.

2. var. rubella Moldenke: flowers pink.

3. var. sanguinea (Medic.) L.H. Bailey: Flowers opening saffron yellow but changing to bright red later.

4. var. aculeate (Linn.) Moldenke: Plants with conspicuous prickles.

5. var. alba Moldenke: Flowers white.

A hybrid, x Lantana callowiana Monrov., very similar to this species, has also been recorded from Karachi University campus nursery, by Saida Qureshi s.n. (KUH).

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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 9 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Description

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Shrubs with long weak branches, armed with stout recurved prickles, pubescent. Petiole 1-2 cm, pubescent; leaf blade ovate to oblong, 3-8.5 X 1.5-5 cm, papery, wrinkled, very rough, with short stiff hairs, aromatic when crushed, base rounded to subcordate, margin crenate; lateral veins 5 pairs, very prominent, elevated. Capitula terminal, 1.5-2.5 cm across. Flowers yellow or orange, often turning deep red soon after opening. Ovary glabrous. Drupes deep purple, globose, ca. 4 mm in diam. 2n = 44.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
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Flora of China Vol. 17: 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Description

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Evergreen shrub with rambling or straggling branches, 1-2(-4) m, tall; branches usually minutely or inconspicuously pubescent, unarmed to conspicuously prickly with hooked spines. Leaves opposite, decussate, ovate to ovate-oblong, (2-) 5-10 (-12) cm long, (1.5-) 2-5 cm broad, crenate-serrate, acute to shortly acuminate, ± rugose, scabrid; petiole 5-10 (-12) mm long. Flowering heads axillary, peduncled, umbellate in flower, shorter to exceeding the subtending leaves, 2-3 cm across. Bracts lanceolate to linear, 5-7 mm broad, acute to subulate, rarely a few larger ones also present. Flowers 5-8 mm across, mostly orange or yellow, turning to red or scarlet later. Calyx 2-3 mm long, thin, pubescent. Corolla-tube 7-10 (-12) mm long, pubescent, slightly enlarged and curved above the middle; limb 4 lobed with spreading, ± rounded lobes. Drupe 3-5 mm in diameter, globose; fleshy, black, shining, 2-seeded.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 9 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Distribution

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Naturalized in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan [tropical and subtro-pical America, often naturalized in other tropical and subtropical regions]
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Flora of China Vol. 17: 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Distribution

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Himalaya (Nepal), India, Burma, China, Indo-China, Malaya. Native of America, widely naturalised in Nepal, India and other parts of Asia.
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bibliographic citation
Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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K.K. Shrestha, J.R. Press and D.A. Sutton
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Distribution

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Distribution: A native of trop. America, widely introduced and naturalized in many tropical and subtropical regions.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 9 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Elevation Range

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400-1300 m
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal Vol. 0 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Annotated Checklist of the Flowering Plants of Nepal @ eFloras.org
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Flower/Fruit

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Fl. Per.: Throughout the year.
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Flora of Pakistan Vol. 0: 9 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of Pakistan @ eFloras.org
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S. I. Ali & M. Qaiser
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Habitat

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Open waste places and near coast; 100-1500 m.
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Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Boulevard, St. Louis, MO, 63110 USA
bibliographic citation
Flora of China Vol. 17: 2 in eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden. Accessed Nov 12, 2008.
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Flora of China @ eFloras.org
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Wu Zhengyi, Peter H. Raven & Hong Deyuan
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Description

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Aromatic shrub. Stems usually with numerous recurved prickles but these sometimes very sparse or even 0. Leaves opposite. Flowers in heads, 2-3 cm in diameter. Bracts of the inflorescence linear to linear-lanceolate, up to 2 mm wide. Corolla colours very varied. Fruit a fleshy purple or black drupe.
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Lantana camara L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=148630
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Frequency

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Abundant
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Lantana camara L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=148630
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Insects whose larvae eat this plant species

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Acherontia atropos (Death's head hawk)
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Lantana camara L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=148630
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Worldwide distribution

provided by Flora of Zimbabwe
Probably native of the W Indies, but well naturalised throughout the tropics and subtropics.
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Mark Hyde, Bart Wursten and Petra Ballings
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Hyde, M.A., Wursten, B.T. and Ballings, P. (2002-2014). Lantana camara L. Flora of Zimbabwe website. Accessed 28 August 2014 at http://www.zimbabweflora.co.zw/speciesdata/species.php?species_id=148630
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Mark Hyde
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Bart Wursten
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Petra Ballings
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Isla de Pascua
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Universidad de Santiago de Chile
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Pablo Gutierrez
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by INBio
Localidad del tipo:
Depositario del tipo:
Recolector del tipo: CT: (LINN-783.4). LT designated by Moldenke & Moldenke, Rev. Handb. Fl. Ceylon 4: 220 (1983); CT proposed by Jarvis, Taxon 41: 564 (1992).
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Diagnostic Description ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Arbusto, hasta 3 m de altura. Ramas con o sin aguijones, hirsutas; hojas opuestas o ternadas, ovado-oblongas, de 1,5-9,5 por 2-4,5 cm, aserradas, ápice acuminado, base redondeada y decurrente o casi cordada, pubescentes; pecíolos de 5 a 15 mm de largo. Inflorescencias en cabezuelas; pedúnculos de 3 a 10 cm de largo; brácteas lanceoladas o espatuladas, de setosas a pubescentes; cáliz de 2 a 3 mm de largo, de truncado a sinuado-dentado; corola con el tubo de 5 a 12 mm de largo, limbo de 3 a 10 mm de largo, amarilla, anaranjada o rojo purpúreo. Frutos negro-azul al madurar.
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Life Cycle ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Muy visitada por las mariposas.
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Habitat ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Bosques secundarios.
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Morphology ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Arbusto.
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Distribution ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Distribucion en Costa Rica: En ambas vertientes excepto en el Atlántico Norte, en elevaciones de 0 a 2.000 m.
Distribucion General: De México a Suramérica, naturalizada en los paleotrópicos.
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Lantana ( Afrikaans )

provided by wikipedia AF

Die Lantana (Lantana camara) is 'n stekelrige struik en indringerplant wat in subtropiese bosveld en droë woude voorkom. Dit behoort tot die Verbenaceae familie. Dit is wêreldwyd as 'n indringerspesie verklaar, en is veral 'n probleem op eilande en ook in Australië. Die plant is giftig vir vee. Die lantana het digte, helderkleurige en aanskoulike blomhofies. Die plant is 'n genaturaliseerde spesie in Suid-Afrika.

Fotogalery

Bron

Wikispecies
Wikispecies het meer inligting oor: Lantana

Verwysings

  1. Lantana camara. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).

Sien ook

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Lantana: Brief Summary ( Afrikaans )

provided by wikipedia AF

Die Lantana (Lantana camara) is 'n stekelrige struik en indringerplant wat in subtropiese bosveld en droë woude voorkom. Dit behoort tot die Verbenaceae familie. Dit is wêreldwyd as 'n indringerspesie verklaar, en is veral 'n probleem op eilande en ook in Australië. Die plant is giftig vir vee. Die lantana het digte, helderkleurige en aanskoulike blomhofies. Die plant is 'n genaturaliseerde spesie in Suid-Afrika.

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Tikanlı lantana ( Azerbaijani )

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Lantana camara (lat. Lantana camara)

Təbii yayılması

Vətəni Amеrikadır (trоpik və subtrоpikləri).

Botaniki təsviri

Hündürlüyü 1,5-3 m-ə çatan, 4 tilli zоğları оlan, üzəri хırda tikanlarla örtülü kоldur. Yarpaqları оval və ya yumurtavari, bоz-yaşıl rəngli, üzbəüz düzülüşlü, kənarları dişlidir. Bir kоl üzərində оlan sarı, çəhrayı, qırmızı, bənövşəyi, narıncı rəngli хırda çiçəklər çətirşəkilli çiçək qrupuna yığılmışdır. Maydan оktyabra qədər çiçəkləyir. Mеyvələri isə ardıcıl оlaraq avqustdan dеkabra qədər yеtişir. Tохumlarla və yarım оduncaqlaşmış qələmlə çохaldılır.

Ekologiyası

Bitki işıq və istisеvən, rütubətə tələbkardır.

Azərbaycanda yayılması

Bakı Nəbatət bağında və Mərdəkan dеndrarisində intrоduksiya еdilmişdir.

İstifadəsi

Çiçəklərinin müхtəlif rənginə görə çохlu miqdarda hibrid fоrmaları vardır ki, оnlardan intеryеrlərin və qış bağlarının yaşıllaşdırılmasında istifadə еdilir.

Mənbə

  • Tofiq Məmmədov, “Azərbaycan dendroflorasi” V cild, Baki, “Elm”, 2019, 370 səh.
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Tikanlı lantana: Brief Summary ( Azerbaijani )

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Lantana camara (lat. Lantana camara)

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Lantana camara ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Lantana camara, també coneguda com a ou i tomaca o Spanish Flag (bandera espanyola pels dos colors de les seves flors) és una espècie de planta ornamental dins la família Verbenaceae, és una planta nativa d'Amèrica tropical.[2][3][4] També es considera una planta invasora en alguns llocs on ha estat introduïda.[5]

Hàbitat i distribució

 src=
Baies inmadures de Lantana camara.

El rang natiu de L. camara inclou Al-Hasakah, Mèxic, Amèrica central, les Antilles Grans, Bahames. Colòmbia i Veneçuela.[1] Es creu que és indígena de la Vall inferior del Rio Grande de Texas.[6] S'ha naturalitzat en regions tropicals i càlides a tot el món.[7] A les terres altes de Kenya creix en moltes zones que reben una quantitat mínima de pluja.

Toxicitat

Hi ha informes que els animals emmalalteixen després d'ingerir-la.[7] Els triterpenoids de les seves fulles causen hepatotoxicitat i fotosensibilitat en animals de pastura,[8] i en cavalls.[9]

Com ornamental

És popular en els jardins perquè és una planta resistent. No és afectada per plagues ni per malalties, necessita poca aigua i tolera la calor extrema. És una de les plantes preferides per les papallones i es fa servir en les exposicions de papallones vives als Estats Units.[3]

Referències

  1. 1,0 1,1 «Lantana camara L.». Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture, 29-05-2007. [Consulta: 28 agost 2010].
  2. Efren and Luisa Gonzalez. «Fill your garden with sunshine». The Western Sun Newspaper, 2007. [Consulta: 19 setembre 2007].
  3. 3,0 3,1 Floridata LC. «Lantana camara». Floridata LC, 2007. [Consulta: 19 setembre 2007].
  4. Moyhill Publishing. «English vs. Latin Names». Moyhill Publishing, 2007. [Consulta: 19 setembre 2007].
  5. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service. «Lantana - fact sheet». Department of Environment and Climate Change - NSW, 2007. [Consulta: 19 setembre 2007].
  6. Hagne, Martin «Native Lantana Species of the LRGV» (PDF). The Sabal. Native Plant Project, 26, 01-01-2009, pàg. 3.
  7. 7,0 7,1 Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. «Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: Lantana camanara» (PDF). Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, 2005. [Consulta: 19 setembre 2007].
  8. Barceloux, Donald G. Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals. John Wiley and Sons, 2008, p. 867–868. ISBN 978-0-471-72761-3.
  9. Burns, Deborah. Storey's Horse-Lover's Encyclopedia: an English & Western A-to-Z Guide. Storey Publishing, 2001, p. 302. ISBN 978-1-58017-317-9.

Enllaços externs

 src= Podeu veure l'entrada corresponent a aquest tàxon, clade o naturalista dins el projecte Wikispecies.  src= A Wikimedia Commons hi ha contingut multimèdia relatiu a: Lantana camara Modifica l'enllaç a Wikidata


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Lantana camara: Brief Summary ( Catalan; Valencian )

provided by wikipedia CA

Lantana camara, també coneguda com a ou i tomaca o Spanish Flag (bandera espanyola pels dos colors de les seves flors) és una espècie de planta ornamental dins la família Verbenaceae, és una planta nativa d'Amèrica tropical. També es considera una planta invasora en alguns llocs on ha estat introduïda.

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Almindelig ildkrone ( Danish )

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Almindelig ildkrone (Lantana camara) er en vintergrøn busk med en opret eller opstigende, stiv og tæt forgrenet vækst. Alle dele af planten er giftige med undtagelse af de helt modne (sorte) stenfrugter.

Beskrivelse

Barken er først lysegrøn, men senere bliver den rødbrun, og til sidst har gamle grene en svagt furet, grå bark. Skuddene er firkantede og hule med bagudrettede børster eller små torne, der gør dem ru at føle på. Knopperne er små og modsat stillede, spidst ægformede og lysegrønne. Bladene er stilkede og hele, ovale i formen og med tandet eller savtakket rand. Oversiden er rynket og blankt mørkegrøn, mens undersiden er lysegrøn. Begge bladsider er ru på grund af stive hår.

Blomstringen foregår over en lang periode fra maj til september. Blomsterne er samlet i kompakte hoveder, og de enkelte blomster er gule eller orangerøde, skiftende til blårød eller violet. Frugterne er blå til sorte stenfrugter med nogle få kerner.

Rodnettet er kraftigt og både dybtgående og vidt udbredt.

Højde x bredde og årlig tilvækst: Cirka 2,00 x 2,00 m (25 x 25 cm/år).

Hjemsted

Almindelig ildkrone er naturligt udbredt i Mellemamerika, på de større, Vestindiske Øer og i det nordligste Sydamerika. Desuden er den naturaliseret og stærkt invasiv i andre subtropiske og tropiske egne (den findes i 60 lande mellem 35°N og 35°S.

Artens brede, geografiske spredning afspejler den store økologiske tolerance. Den findes på meget forskellige voksesteder og i mange jordtyper. Almindeligvis vokser den bedst i åbne områder som forladte marker, skovbryn, strandbredder og afbrændte skovområder. Desuden indfinder den sig langs vejkanter, jernbanestrækninger og byggepladser. [1]

På den caribiske ø Anegada findes arten på hård kalkklippe sammen med bl.a. Acacia anegadensis (en art af akacie), Agave missionum, Crotón discolor (en art af kroton), Euphorbia petiolaris (en art af vortemælk) og hvid frangipani[2]

Anvendelse

Arten har været kendt og brugt som prydplante i Sydeuropa siden det 16. århundrede, og der har været arbejdet intenst på at skabe nye sorter. I Danmark betragtes den som en udplantningsplante, der kun overlever i haven ét år. Den skal have en lysåben vokseplads, veldrænet, gruset jord og ikke for meget gødning for at trives godt.




Noter

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Almindelig ildkrone: Brief Summary ( Danish )

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Almindelig ildkrone (Lantana camara) er en vintergrøn busk med en opret eller opstigende, stiv og tæt forgrenet vækst. Alle dele af planten er giftige med undtagelse af de helt modne (sorte) stenfrugter.

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Wandelröschen ( German )

provided by wikipedia DE

Das Wandelröschen (Lantana camara) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Wandelröschen (Lantana) innerhalb der Familie der Eisenkrautgewächse (Verbenaceae). Seine Zuchtformen sind beliebte Zierpflanzen. Es ist in den Tropen und Subtropen eine sich stark ausbreitende invasive Pflanze.

Beschreibung

 src=
Wildform mit gegenständigen Laubblättern und Blütenständen
 src=
Unreife und reife Früchte
 src=
Illustration aus Flore médicale des Antilles, ou, Traité des plantes usuelles, Tafel 370

Vegetative Merkmale

Bei Lantana camara handelt es sich um Sträucher. Die oft langen, leicht herabhängenden Zweige sind durch abwärtsgerichtete Borsten oder kurze Stacheln rau.[1]

Die meist gegenständig angeordneten Laubblätter sind in Blattstiel und Blattspreite gegliedert. Der flaumig behaarte Blattstiel ist 1 bis 2 Zentimeter lang. Die einfache, pergamentartige Blattspreite ist bei einer Länge von 3 bis 8,5 Zentimetern sowie einer Breite von 1,5 bis 5 Zentimetern eiförmig bis länglich mit gerundeter bis fast herzförmiger Spreitenbasis.[1] Der Blattrand ist gekerbt[1] bis gesägt. Die Blattoberfläche ist runzlig und ist durch steife kurze Haare rau. Werden die Laubblätter zerdrückt, riechen sie aromatisch.[1] Es sind fünf Paare deutlich erhabene Seitennerven vorhanden.[1]

Generative Merkmale

In endständigen köpfchenförmigen Blütenständen mit Durchmessern von 1,5 bis 2,5 Zentimetern stehen viele Blüten zusammen.[1] Die Blüten sind gelb oder orangefarben, später oft rötlich bis violett. Durch die sich mit der Zeit ändernde Blütenfarbe bekommen die Blütenköpfchen ein charakteristisches, buntes Aussehen mit verschiedenen Farben innen und außen. Die zwittrigen Blüten sind fünfzählig mit einer doppelten Blütenhülle. Der Fruchtknoten ist kahl.[1]

Die wenigsamigen Steinfrüchte sind bei einem Durchmesser von etwa 4 Millimetern kugelig und färben sich bei Reife glänzend, schimmernd, dunkel-purpurfarben bis schwarz.[1]

Die Chromosomenzahl beträgt 2n = 44.[1]

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Blütenbesuch durch Kolibri
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Blütenstand einer Sorte

Giftigkeit

Alle Pflanzenteile sind giftig, besonders die reifen und unreifen Früchte, allerdings werden sie manchmal trotzdem verzehrt. Hauptwirkstoffe sind Lantaden A und B, Icterogenin sowie Triterpene. Die invasive Pflanze ist besonders für Weidetiere gefährlich. Erste Vergiftungserscheinungen sind Appetitverlust und Verstopfung, es folgen Symptome der Gelbsucht und Lichtempfindlichkeit. Infolge der Hepatotoxizität der Pflanze kommt es zu einer hohen Mortalität.[2]

Es gibt vereinzelte Berichte über tödliche Vergiftungen bei Kindern nach Verzehr der grünen Beeren.[2] Eine Auswertung von 641 Fällen, in denen Kinder die Beeren aßen, fand hingegen keine schwerwiegenden Vergiftungssymptome. Die meisten Fälle verliefen ohne Krankheitserscheinungen, in weniger als 10 % der Fälle kam es zu leichten Beschwerden (Erbrechen, seltener Durchfall und Bauchschmerzen).[3]

Der Samen des Wandelröschens spielt beispielsweise im Nahrungsspektrum der Dunklen Kuckuckstaube eine Rolle, obwohl diese Pflanzenart in Australien – dem Lebensraum dieser Taube – eine eingeführte Art ist.[4]

Vorkommen

Das ursprüngliche Verbreitungsgebiet der Unterarten von Lantana camara reicht von Mexiko bis Zentralamerika sowie ins nördliche Südamerika und sie kommt auf Karibischen Inseln vor. Sie ist aber in allen warmen Gebieten der Welt ein Neophyt und kann sich insbesondere in feuchtwarmen Gegenden auf Ödland, auf Weiden und in Wäldern stark ausbreiten, wozu auch die Ausbreitung der Samen durch Vögel beiträgt. Manchmal wird sie aber auch gerade deshalb auf erosionsgefährdeten Hängen angepflanzt. In Südafrika ist die Kultur des Wandelröschens wegen seines invasiven Charakters in Gärten verboten worden.

Systematik

Die Erstveröffentlichung von Lantana camara erfolgte 1753 durch Carl von Linné in Species Plantarum, 2, Seite 627.[5][6]

Je nach Autor gibt es von Lantana camara sechs Unterarten:[6]

  • Lantana camara subsp. aculeata (L.) R.W.Sanders (Syn.:Lantana aculeata L., Lantana coccinea Weigel, Lantana sanguinea Medik., Lantana mutabilis Salisb. nom. illeg., Lantana suaveolens Desf. nom. illeg., Lantana variegata Otto & A.Dietr.): Diese Neukombination erfolgte 2006. Sie kommt ursprünglich in Mexiko und auf Karibischen Inseln vor.[6]
  • Lantana camara L. subsp. camara (Syn.: Lantana annua C.B.Clarke, Lantana asperata Vis. nom. nud., Lantana crocea Jacq., Lantana formosa K.Koch & Fintelm., Lantana mixta Medik., Lantana undulata Raf., Lantana urticifolia Mill., Lantana viburnoides Blanco nom. illeg.): Sie kommt ursprünglich vom mexikanischen Bundesstaat Veracruz bis Nicaragua und auf Karibischen Inseln vor.[6]
  • Lantana camara subsp. glandulosissima (Hayek) R.W.Sanders (Syn.: Lantana glandulosissima Hayek): Den Rang einer Unterart hat sie seit 2012. Sie kommt von Mexiko über Zentralamerika bis ins nördliche Venezuela und auf Kuba sowie Puerto Rico vor.[6]
  • Lantana camara subsp. moldenkei (R.W.Sanders) R.W.Sanders (Syn.: Lantana urticifolia subsp. moldenkei R.W.Sanders): Diese Neukombination erfolgte 2012. Sie kommt nur im östlichen Kuba und in der Dominikanischen Republik vor.[6]
  • Lantana camara subsp. moritziana (Otto & A.Dietr.) R.W.Sanders (Syn.: Lantana moritziana Otto & A.Dietr., Lantana camara var. moritziana (Otto & A.Dietr.) López-Pal.): Diese Neukombination erfolgte 2012. Sie kommt von Costa Rica über Panama bis ins tropische Südamerika vor.[6]
  • Lantana camara subsp. portoricensis (Moldenke) R.W.Sanders (Syn.: Lantana arida var. portoricensis Moldenke, Lantana urticifolia subsp. portoricensis (Moldenke) R.W.Sanders): Diese Neukombination erfolgte 2012. Sie kommt nur auf Puerto Rico und den Jungferninseln vor.[6]

Quellen

Einzelnachweise

  1. a b c d e f g h i Shou-liang Chen, Michael G. Gilbert: Verbenaceae.: Lantana camara, S. 2 - textgleich online wie gedrucktes Werk, In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Hrsg.): Flora of China, Volume 17 - Verbenaceae through Solanaceae, Science Press und Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing und St. Louis, 1994, ISBN 0-915279-24-X.
  2. a b Lantana camara – Toxicological disorders. In: Color Atlas of Diseases and Disorders of Cattle. Dritte Ausgabe, 2011.
  3. Frederik Joelving: Lantana plant safe for toddlers. Reuters, 1. November 2010.
  4. David Gibbs, Eustace Barnes, John Cox: Pigeons and Doves – A Guide to the Pigeons and Doves of the World. Pica Press, Sussex 2001, ISBN 90-74345-26-3, S. 273.
  5. Lantana camara bei Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis Abgerufen am 31. Dezember 2017.
  6. a b c d e f g h Rafaël Govaerts (Hrsg.): Lantana camara. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) – The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, abgerufen am 31. Dezember 2017.

Literatur

Weblinks

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Wandelröschen: Brief Summary ( German )

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Das Wandelröschen (Lantana camara) ist eine Pflanzenart aus der Gattung Wandelröschen (Lantana) innerhalb der Familie der Eisenkrautgewächse (Verbenaceae). Seine Zuchtformen sind beliebte Zierpflanzen. Es ist in den Tropen und Subtropen eine sich stark ausbreitende invasive Pflanze.

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Kantutay ( Tagalog )

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Ang kantutay[1] (pangalangang siyentipiko: Lantana camara (Linnaeus); Ingles: stink grass, coronitas [hango sa Kastila] na nangangahulugang maliliit na mga korona, Spanish flag, red sage, yellow sage, wild sage) ay isang halamang gamot [2] na makikita sa mga tabi-tabi lalo na sa mga probinsiya sa Pilipinas. Nadiskubre ito ng siyentipikong si Dr. Jayson C. Bautista. Mabisa itong gamot sa ubo, lagnat, beri-beri, at beke. Nagtataglay din ito ng mataas na bitamina C na panlaban sa sipon. Sa Tagalog, kilala rin ito bilang lantana (gamit din sa Ingles), diris, at koronitas. Sa Bisaya kilala ito sa tawag na bahug-bahug at baho-baho, samantalang bangbangsit naman sa Ilokano. Sa Kastila pinangalanang itong cinco negritos at coronitas. Ma-ying Tan ang katawagan dito ng mga Tsino.[3] Kabilang ito sa mga sari ng mga Lantana na mga palumpong na maaaring gamiting pambakod.

Panggagamot

Bilang isang yerbang nakapagbibigay lunas, nagagamit sa mga preparasyon ng mga kagamutan ang mga dahon, balat, ugat, bulaklak at mga dulo ng mga namumulaklak na bahagi nito. Matamis na may kapaitan ang mga ugat ng kantutay na nakapagpapababa ng taas ng lagnat at nagagamit din bilang pampalamig. Malamig sa loob ng bibig ang mga dahon na mainam din para sa mga sakit sa balat. Matamis ang lasa ng mga bulaklak nito na nakapagpapalamig din at nakapipigil na pagdurugo.[1][2][3]

Bukod sa pagiging panlaban sa sipon, ubo, beke, at lagnat, mahusay din itong panlaban sa malaria, tuberculosis sa cervix. Ginagamit ang mga ugat para panlaban sa lagnat, maging ang balat at mga pinakuluang dahon at mga bahaging namumulaklak. Para sa tuberculosis, bulaklak ang ginagamit. Para sa mga sakit sa balat, kinukuha sa kantutay ang mga sariwang tangkay at dahon. Mainam rin sa rayuma ang nilangisang mga dahon na pinainitan sa mahinang apoy. Itinatapal ang dahon sa bahaging nirarayuma. Ginagamit din ang mga dinikdik na sariwang dahon para sa mga pilay, sugat at nabugbog na bahagi ng katawan.[1][2][3]

Mga sanggunian

Mga kawing panlabas

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Kambal na kumpol ng mga bulaklak ng kantutay (lantana camara).
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Kantutay: Brief Summary ( Tagalog )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

Ang kantutay (pangalangang siyentipiko: Lantana camara (Linnaeus); Ingles: stink grass, coronitas [hango sa Kastila] na nangangahulugang maliliit na mga korona, Spanish flag, red sage, yellow sage, wild sage) ay isang halamang gamot na makikita sa mga tabi-tabi lalo na sa mga probinsiya sa Pilipinas. Nadiskubre ito ng siyentipikong si Dr. Jayson C. Bautista. Mabisa itong gamot sa ubo, lagnat, beri-beri, at beke. Nagtataglay din ito ng mataas na bitamina C na panlaban sa sipon. Sa Tagalog, kilala rin ito bilang lantana (gamit din sa Ingles), diris, at koronitas. Sa Bisaya kilala ito sa tawag na bahug-bahug at baho-baho, samantalang bangbangsit naman sa Ilokano. Sa Kastila pinangalanang itong cinco negritos at coronitas. Ma-ying Tan ang katawagan dito ng mga Tsino. Kabilang ito sa mga sari ng mga Lantana na mga palumpong na maaaring gamiting pambakod.

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Lantana camara ( Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch )

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Lantana camara ass eng Planzenaart aus der Gattung Lantana, bannent der Famill vun de Verbenaceae. Si ass an den Tropen a Subtropen eng staark invasiv Planz. Se gëtt an hiren Zuuchtformen awer och soss enzwousch gär als Zierpflanz benotzt.

Et handelt sech ëm Traisch mat laangen Äscht, déi liicht erofhänken. D'Blieder sinn 1 bis 2 cm laang, oval, hunn e radderege Bord an eng rau bis ronzelech Uewerfläch.

Opfälleg sinn hir Bléien, 1,5 cm bis 3 cm grouss, déi a Kludderen zesummestinn, an déi giel oder orange, méi spéit roudelzeg bis mof sinn. Duerch dës verschidde Faarwe vu bannen no bausse kréie si hiert charakteristescht Ausgesinn.

D'Friichte sinn ufanks gréng, wa se zeideg sinn, metallesch-schwaarz, a si wéi och de Rescht vun der Planz, gëfteg (Lantaden A a B, Icterogenin an Triterpenen).

D'Aart kënnt ursprénglech aus Zentralamerika an aus dem südlechen Nordamerika, ass awer op alle Kontinenter verbreet ginn. Se verbreet sech invasiv an ass dowéinst a Südafrika als Gaardeplanz verbueden.

Um Spaweck

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Lantana camara: Brief Summary ( Luxembourgish; Letzeburgesch )

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Lantana camara ass eng Planzenaart aus der Gattung Lantana, bannent der Famill vun de Verbenaceae. Si ass an den Tropen a Subtropen eng staark invasiv Planz. Se gëtt an hiren Zuuchtformen awer och soss enzwousch gär als Zierpflanz benotzt.

Et handelt sech ëm Traisch mat laangen Äscht, déi liicht erofhänken. D'Blieder sinn 1 bis 2 cm laang, oval, hunn e radderege Bord an eng rau bis ronzelech Uewerfläch.

Opfälleg sinn hir Bléien, 1,5 cm bis 3 cm grouss, déi a Kludderen zesummestinn, an déi giel oder orange, méi spéit roudelzeg bis mof sinn. Duerch dës verschidde Faarwe vu bannen no bausse kréie si hiert charakteristescht Ausgesinn.

D'Friichte sinn ufanks gréng, wa se zeideg sinn, metallesch-schwaarz, a si wéi och de Rescht vun der Planz, gëfteg (Lantaden A a B, Icterogenin an Triterpenen).

D'Aart kënnt ursprénglech aus Zentralamerika an aus dem südlechen Nordamerika, ass awer op alle Kontinenter verbreet ginn. Se verbreet sech invasiv an ass dowéinst a Südafrika als Gaardeplanz verbueden.

Lantana camara (1).jpg Lantana camara blanca.jpg Lantana camara.jpg Lantana 2 FR 2012.jpg Lantana Camara FR 2012.jpg
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Ngó͘-lêng-lân ( Nan )

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Ngó͘-lêng-lân(Hàn-jī: 五龍蘭, ha̍k-miâ: Lantana camara),[1] koh kiò-chò khí-siáu-hoe (起痟花)[2],kòng-phòa-hoe, sī to-nî-seng siông-le̍k koàn-bo̍k, chhiū-á-ki tiāⁿ chhun-tn̂g thòaⁿ-khui, kah-ì seⁿ tī kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê só·-chāi.

Chū-té seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi Bí-chiu, kap Se-ìn-tō· kûn-tó. Tī Tâi-oân kui-hòa, hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē, kap kē-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī lō·-kîⁿ, pha-hng-tē, he̍k chhiū-nâ piⁿ--á. Taⁿ hông kóng-hoat chèng-chok chò hoe-hn̂g koan-sióng ēng.

Hêng-thāi

Keng ū 4 chōa ke-kak, ū chhoaⁿ-chhì.

Hio̍h-á tùi-seⁿ, ke-nn̄g-hêng he̍k tn̂g-ke-nn̄g-hêng, siang-pêng-bīn pho̍ah ngē-mo·, kì-á-khí ê piān-iân.

Hoe kam-á-sek, kam-á-âng-sek, hún-âng-sek, he̍k n̂g-sek lóng-ū, thó·-seⁿ-á--ê kam-á-an̂g-sek siāng-che; hoe-koan sī chhim au-á-hêng, bóe-liu hit-pêng ū bô-chú-ngó· ê chhián-chhián li̍h-phāng. Ti̍t-kèng ū 8 mm. Hoe sī sàn-pâng-hoe-sū (繖房花序), gōa-hêng chhiuⁿ thâu-chōng-hoe (頭狀花) án-ne pâi-lia̍t, ùi hio̍h-á kòe-hīⁿ-khang hia seⁿ--chhut-lâi.

Kóe-chíhe̍k-kó (核果) kiû-hêng, kàu-hun sî o·-nâ-sek, bah-chit.

Chham-khó chu-liāu

  1. 佐佐木舜一. 臺灣植物名彙. p. 352. Lantana camara, Linn. Ngó͘-lêng-lân 五龍蘭
  2. "《馬櫻丹》". 馬櫻丹,但是我爸他們都用台語叫它「起笑花」,我也不知道為什麼。上面是 hsuan 說的!
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Ngó͘-lêng-lân: Brief Summary ( Nan )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

Ngó͘-lêng-lân(Hàn-jī: 五龍蘭, ha̍k-miâ: Lantana camara), koh kiò-chò khí-siáu-hoe (起痟花),kòng-phòa-hoe, sī to-nî-seng siông-le̍k koàn-bo̍k, chhiū-á-ki tiāⁿ chhun-tn̂g thòaⁿ-khui, kah-ì seⁿ tī kui-kang ū ji̍t-thâu pha̍k ê só·-chāi.

Chū-té seⁿ tī jia̍t-tāi Bí-chiu, kap Se-ìn-tō· kûn-tó. Tī Tâi-oân kui-hòa, hun-pò· tī pêⁿ-tē, kap kē-hái-po̍at soaⁿ-khu, seⁿ tī lō·-kîⁿ, pha-hng-tē, he̍k chhiū-nâ piⁿ--á. Taⁿ hông kóng-hoat chèng-chok chò hoe-hn̂g koan-sióng ēng.

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Saliara ( Sundanese )

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Saliara (Lantana camara), nyaéta tangkal kembang dina kulawarga verbena, Verbenaceae tangkalna asli ti daérah tropis Amérika [4]. Saliara disababaraha nagara mibanda ngaran anu béda umpamana, disebut big-bijak, wild-sage, merah bijak, putih-sage di Malaysia, di Karibia jeung Afrika kidul ngarana tickberry[5].

Saliara mangrupa tangkal anu éndah dina mangsa kembangan, sok ngahaja dipelak di pakarangan, di wewengkon Eropa tangkal saliara anu aya kiwari mimitina dibawa ku urang Walanda tuluy dipelak nepi ka ngarekahan, kiwari tangkal saliara geus nyebar nepika Asia jeung Oséania, ku alatan jumlahna anu loba kiwari tangkal ieu kagolongkeun kana gulma [6] .

Pedaran

Saliara disebut tembelékan di daérah Jawa, mangrupa tangkal anu cucukan, ngarungkun jangkungna kurang leuwih 2 m. Dina mangsa abad ka-17 jeung 18 tangkal saliara loba anu mikaresep pikeun papaés di buruan, nepika kiwari tangkal saliara mibanda loba kultivar.[7]

Langka manggihan saliara bisa hirup di tengah leuweung, lantaran saliara henteu bisa hirup upama kahieuman ku tatangkalan anu jarangkung. Ku lantaran éta, tangkal saliara mindeng kapanggihna di sisi leuweung wungkul. Saliara bisa hirup dina sagala usum jeung kaayaan, umpamana waé usum halodo, usum hujan, taneuh kurang subur, jeung tangkal saliara bisa hirup deui kalawan gancang di daérah/leuweung anu kungsi kahuruan.[8]

Saliara mangrupa tangkal asli ti wewengkon Amérika tengah jeung kidul. Kiwari geus nyebar ka wewengkon sub-tropis di sakuliah dunya, buktina kapanggih di timur tengah, Afrika kidul utamana kapanggih hirup di sisi leuweung jeung tegalan anu henteu kapiroséa atawa henteu diolah piken lahan tatanén. Saliara ogé hirup kalawan loba di wilayah Afrika, Eropa kidul, saperti Spanyol jeung Portugal, India, Asia tropis, Australia, Selandia Baru, Amerika Serikat, Atlantik, Pasifik jeung pulo-pulo di Samudra Hindia. Malahan di Sri lanka tangkal saliara dianggap gulma/hama anu kacida ngaganggu ku lantaran leupas tina panalungtikan Royal Botanic Gardens dina taun 1926.[9]

Ciri mandiri

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Daun tangkal saliara

daunna salambar, kaluar sapasang tina gigireun tangkal wujudna lonyod kawas endog méncos ka tungtungna, karasa keusrak umpamana diusap, ngaluarkeun seungit anu mandiri umpama daunna digesek, sisi daun rérégéan kawas menang gaguntingan, tulang daun semu konéng ébréh katémbong dina daun beulah luhurna. Dipinuhan ku bulu lemes, daunna anu geus kolot mibanda kelir héjo kolot sedengkeun pucukna héjo ngora.[10]

Kembangna laleutik mangrupa pipa leutik anu mibanda opat palapah, napel ngaronyok dina pendul kembang. Unggal pendul kembang mibanda kurang leuwih sapuluh nepika 30 kembang. Kembangna rupa-rupa aya anu beureum, konéng, bodas, beureum ngora, oranye, ieu kelir gumantung kana tempat hirup jeung umurna, kembang saliara utamana robah kelir dina mangsa geus dieuntepan kukupu, éngang, nyiruan, atawa manuk anu sok ngenyot nektarna (sari amis dina kembang). ku lantaran mangsa harita geus lumangsung penyerbukan. Robahna kelir kembang saliara ieu ogé mangrupakeu cicirén pikeun mangsana kembang ragrag anu engkena bakal disusul ku muncengisna pentil buah.[11]

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Kembang saliara

Buah saliara laleutik ngumpul dina pendul buah, kelirna héjo dina mangsa ngora kénéh jeung bakal robah semu paul mangsana geus cukup déwasa atawa geus asak, buahna vegetatif (aseksual). mangrupa kadaharan pikeun sabaraha rupa manuk jeung sasatoan séjéna anu mikaresep bungbuahan, ku alatan ieu ogé mangrupa cukang lantaran pikeun nyebarkeun binih tangkal saliara katempat anu leuwih jauh batan tangkan indungna.[12]

Mangpaat

Tangkal saliara geus heubeul dimangpaatkeun dipaké pikeun pager hirup kayaning di kebon, huma, sisi jalan rondaan jeung buruan imah, melakna gampang bisa tina sikina (ngabinihkeun) atawa neukteuk tangkalna (stek) tuluy ditancepkeun kana taneuh. Daun saliara mibanda kandungan lantadene A, lantadene B, lantanolic acid, lantic acid, humule (minyak astiri), b - caryophyllene, g - terpidene, a -pinene serta r -cymene. Sababaraha panyakit anu bisa diubaran saperti; Influenza, TBC, reumatik, keputihan, harééng, asma, batuk getih ogé bisa ngubaran panyakit kulit saperti ; bisul, bareuh, arateul, jeung réa-réa deui. Akarna meunang moé nepika garing kurang leuwih 30 - 60 g tuluy digodog, di mana geus tiis caina bisa diinum.[13].

Bahaya daun saliara

Sagigireun mibanda mangpaat anu henteu saeutik, tangkal saliara ogé mibanda zat kimia anu bisa ngabayakeun kahirupan ingon-ingon hususna sapi, nyaéta daun saliara ieu mibanda zat anu disebut Lantadine anu bisa ngabalukarkeun sapi weureu. Sapi anu katohyan ngahakan daun saliara mimitina bakal ngarandapan panyakit konéng (jaundice), sérab ku panonpoé béda ti sasari, kulit daradas utamana dina bagéan anu kasorot cahaya panonpoé, teu daék baranghakan, nyeri beuteung, henteu tenang, antukna lungsé jeung teu bisa cengkat, henteu nepika perlaya mah. Tapi lamun ngahakan daun saliara leuwih loba tangtu ieu bisa ngadatangkeun mamala kana kahirupan sapi ngan dina mangsa sababaraha poé wungkul ku lantaran sapi bakal ngarandapan karuksakan peujit (gastroenteritis), ieu panyakit katelah ogé Bali ziekta.[14]

Dicutat tina

  1. Munir A (1996). "A taxonomic review of Lantana camara L. and L. montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. (Verbenaceae) in Australia". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 17: 1–27.
  2. [ Lantana camara.]|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/taxon.pl?310628 Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  3. "Global Invasive Species Database". issg.org.uk. Diakses tanggal 2014-03-22.
  4. Moyhill Publishing (2007). "English vs. Latin Names". Moyhill Publishing. Diakses tanggal March 24, 2014.
  5. Quentin C. B. Cronk, Janice L. Fuller (1995). Plant Invaders: The Threat to Natural Ecosystems. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Springer. ISBN 0-412-48380-7.
  6. Sharma, OM.P.; Harinder, Paul S (1988). "A review of the noxious plant Lantana camara". Toxicon 26 (11): 975–987. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(88)90196-1. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0041010188901961. Diakses pada 24 March 2014.
  7. Kohli, Ravinder. K. (2006). "Status, invasiveness and environmental threats of three tropical American invasive weeds (Parthenium hysterophorus L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Lantana camara L.) in India". Biological Invasions (Biological Invasions) 8 (7): 1501–1510. doi:10.1007/s10530-005-5842-1. http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10530-005-5842-1. Diakses pada March 25, 2014.
  8. "Lantana camara". 2008.
  9. "Experimental evidence on the importance of disturbance intensity for invasion of Lantana camara L. in dry rainforest–open forest ecotones in north-eastern NSW, Australia". Forest Ecology and Management (Forest Ecology and Management) 109: 279–292. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00252-7. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378112798002527. Diakses pada March 22, 2014.
  10. Ahmed. R (2007). "Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on germination and growth behavior of some agricultural crops in Bangladesh". Journal of Forestry Research 18: 201–304. doi:10.1007/s11676-007-0060-6.
  11. Carstairs, S. D. (December 2010). "Ingestion of Lantana camara is not associated with significant effects in children". Pediatrics 126 (6): e1585–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1669. PMID 21041281. http://www.pediatricsdigest.mobi/content/126/6/e1585.full.
  12. "Effect of weeds Lantana camara and Chromelina odorata growth on the species diversity, regeneration and stem density of tree and shrub layer in BRT sanctuary" (PDF).
  13. Mangpaat tangkal saliara
  14. "Waspadai Saliara (Lantana camara)". 24 April 2016.

Tutumbu kaluar

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Saliara: Brief Summary ( Sundanese )

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Saliara (Lantana camara), nyaéta tangkal kembang dina kulawarga verbena, Verbenaceae tangkalna asli ti daérah tropis Amérika . Saliara disababaraha nagara mibanda ngaran anu béda umpamana, disebut big-bijak, wild-sage, merah bijak, putih-sage di Malaysia, di Karibia jeung Afrika kidul ngarana tickberry.

Saliara mangrupa tangkal anu éndah dina mangsa kembangan, sok ngahaja dipelak di pakarangan, di wewengkon Eropa tangkal saliara anu aya kiwari mimitina dibawa ku urang Walanda tuluy dipelak nepi ka ngarekahan, kiwari tangkal saliara geus nyebar nepika Asia jeung Oséania, ku alatan jumlahna anu loba kiwari tangkal ieu kagolongkeun kana gulma .

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Talatala ( Tongan )

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Ko e talatala ko e fuʻu ʻakau siʻi ia. Ko e vao taʻeʻaonga ia, mo e ngaahi talatala, mo e namu mālohi. Kā ʻoku lanulahi ʻene pupunga matalaʻiʻakau. ʻOku ʻi ai hinehina mo engeenga ʻi loto, pe engeenga mo lanumoli ʻi loto, pe lanumoli ki kulokula, pe kulokula ki lanufekika. Mahalo pē kātoa ʻi he pupunga ʻe taha.

Ngaahi faʻahinga kehekehe

  • talatala hina
  • talatala kula

Hingoa ʻi he ngaahi lea kehe

Tataku

  • Hokohoko ngaahi ʻakau; Vaʻa fekumi ngoue Vainī
  • Tongan dictionary; C.M. Churchward
Ko e kupu ʻeni ko e potuʻi ia (stub). ʻIo, ko koe, kātaki tokoni mai ʻi hono .
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Talatala: Brief Summary ( Tongan )

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Ko e talatala ko e fuʻu ʻakau siʻi ia. Ko e vao taʻeʻaonga ia, mo e ngaahi talatala, mo e namu mālohi. Kā ʻoku lanulahi ʻene pupunga matalaʻiʻakau. ʻOku ʻi ai hinehina mo engeenga ʻi loto, pe engeenga mo lanumoli ʻi loto, pe lanumoli ki kulokula, pe kulokula ki lanufekika. Mahalo pē kātoa ʻi he pupunga ʻe taha.

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गन्हाउने काँडा ( Nepali )

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गन्हाउने काँडामा लाग्ने फल

गन्हाउने काँडा लाई कतै कतै वनमारा पनि भनिन्छ ।

सन्दर्भ सामग्रीहरू

  1. "Lantana camara L.", Germplasm Resources Information Network, United States Department of Agriculture, २००७-०५-२९, अन्तिम पहुँच २०१०-०८-२८
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गन्हाउने काँडा: Brief Summary ( Nepali )

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गन्हाउने काँडा लाई कतै कतै वनमारा पनि भनिन्छ ।

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ନାଗ ଐରି ( Oriya )

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ନାଗ ଐରି[୪] (ଇଂରାଜୀ Lantana camara) ହେଉଛି ଏକ ପ୍ରକାର କଣ୍ଟା ବୁଦା ଜାତୀୟ ଗଛ ଯାହା ମୂଳତଃ ଆମେରିକା କ୍ରାନ୍ତିୟ ବଳୟର ବୃକ୍ଷ ମାତ୍ର ଏବେ ଭାରତରେ ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ଦଖାଯାଉଅଛି [୫]। ଏହା ଓଡ଼ିଶାରେ ମଧ୍ୟ ବହୁଳ ଭାବରେ ଆଜିକାଲି ଦେଖାଯାଏ ।

ଆକ୍ରମଣକାରୀ ପ୍ରସାର

ନାଗ ଐରି ଏକ ଆକ୍ରମଣକାରୀ (ଇଂରାଜୀରେ Invasive) ପ୍ରଜାତିର ଗଛ ଅଟେ । ଏହା ଭାରତର ଜଂଗଲ ମାନଂକରେ ନିଜର ପ୍ରସାର ବିସ୍ତାର କରି ଚାଲିଛି[୬] । ଏହା ଯେଉଁଠାରେ ବଢେ ସେଠାରେ ଅନ୍ୟ ଗଛ ମାନଂକୁ ବଢିବାକୁ ଦେ‍ଇନଥାଏ[୭]

ଆଧାର

  1. Munir A (1996). "A taxonomic review of Lantana camara L. and L. montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. (Verbenaceae) in Australia". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. 17: 1–27.
  2. [ Lantana camara.]|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/taxon.pl?310628 Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  3. "Global Invasive Species Database". issg.org.uk. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  4. Srivastav, P.K.; Tayal, M. K. (2017). Virtuous Plants. ଦରିଆ ଗଂଜ, ନୂଆ ଦିଲ୍ଲୀ: Scientific Publishers (India). p. 117. ISBN 978-93-86102-83-6. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  5. "Lantana Camara- Devouring the Forests of India". Geography & You. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  6. ଶର୍ମା, ଅମନିଂଦର (୨୦୧୫-୧୦-୦୧). "Lantana bush devouring Punjab forests fast". ଟାଇମ୍ସ ଅଫ ଇଣ୍ଡିଆ ଚଣ୍ଡୀଗଡ଼. Retrieved 7 September 2018. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  7. Statesman News Service Shimla (୨୦୧୭-୦୩-୦୩). "Lantana eating forest land in Himachal Pradesh" (ଶିମଳା). ଦି ଷ୍ଟେଟ୍‍‍‍ସମ୍ୟାନ. Retrieved 7 September 2018. Check date values in: |date= (help)
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உண்ணிச்செடி ( Tamil )

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உண்ணிச்செடி அல்லது உண்ணி முள்ளு (Lantana camara[3], உண்ணி பெரி (தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா),[4] என்பது வேர்பனா பூக்கும் தாரவக் குடுப்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த தாவரமாகும். இது அமெரிக்க வெப்ப மண்டலத்தை தாயகமாகக் கொண்டது.[5][6]

உண்ணிச்செடி அழகுக்காக தோட்டங்களில் வளர்க்கப்படுகிறது. இது மத்திய, தென் அமெரிக்க தாயக் பகுதிகளிலிருந்து சுமார் 50 நாடுகளுக்கு கொண்டு செல்லப்பட்டுள்ளது.[7] சென்ற இடங்களில் ஊடுறுவும் இனமாகவுள்ளது.[8] [9]

உசாத்துணை

  1. [ Lantana camara.]|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/taxon.pl?310628 Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  2. "Global Invasive Species Database". issg.org.uk. பார்த்த நாள் 2014-03-22.
  3. Munir A (1996). "A taxonomic review of Lantana camara L. and L. montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. (Verbenaceae) in Australia". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens 17: 1–27.
  4. Quentin C. B. Cronk, Janice L. Fuller (1995). Plant Invaders: The Threat to Natural Ecosystems. கியூ தாவரவியற் பூங்கா, Kew: Springer. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:0-412-48380-7. http://books.google.com/?id=y60B--a5j6gC.
  5. Floridata LC (2007). "Lantana camara". Floridata LC. பார்த்த நாள் மார்ச்சு 24, 2014.
  6. Moyhill Publishing (2007). "English vs. Latin Names". Moyhill Publishing. பார்த்த நாள் மார்ச்சு 24, 2014.
  7. Day, M. D. (December 24, 2003). Lantana: current management status and future prospects. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. பன்னாட்டுத் தரப்புத்தக எண்:1863203753. http://aciar.gov.au/publication/mn102. பார்த்த நாள்: March 24, 2014.
  8. Ghisalberti, E.L. (2000). "Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae)". Fitoterapia 71 (5): 467–486. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00202-1. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0367326X00002021. பார்த்த நாள்: 24 March 2014.
  9. Sharma, OM.P.; Harinder, Paul S (1988). "A review of the noxious plant Lantana camara". Toxicon 26 (11): 975–987. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(88)90196-1. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0041010188901961. பார்த்த நாள்: 24 March 2014.

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உண்ணிச்செடி: Brief Summary ( Tamil )

provided by wikipedia emerging languages

உண்ணிச்செடி அல்லது உண்ணி முள்ளு (Lantana camara, உண்ணி பெரி (தென்னாப்பிரிக்கா), என்பது வேர்பனா பூக்கும் தாரவக் குடுப்பத்தைச் சேர்ந்த தாவரமாகும். இது அமெரிக்க வெப்ப மண்டலத்தை தாயகமாகக் கொண்டது.

உண்ணிச்செடி அழகுக்காக தோட்டங்களில் வளர்க்கப்படுகிறது. இது மத்திய, தென் அமெரிக்க தாயக் பகுதிகளிலிருந்து சுமார் 50 நாடுகளுக்கு கொண்டு செல்லப்பட்டுள்ளது. சென்ற இடங்களில் ஊடுறுவும் இனமாகவுள்ளது.

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తలంబ్రాలు చెట్టు ( Telugu )

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తలంబ్రాలు చెట్టు పొద

తలంబ్రాలు చెట్టు పేరుకే చెట్టు కానీ నిజానికి ఒక పొద. ఈ మొక్క లాంటానా ప్రజాతికి చెందినది. దీనిలో 150కి పైగా జాతులు ఉన్నాయి. తలంబ్రాలు చెట్టు స్వస్థలము ఆఫ్రికా, అమెరికా ఖండాలు.

హిమాచల్ ప్రదేశ్ లో లాంటానా పొదలను ఫర్నీచరు, కంచెలు తయారు చేయడానికి ఉపయోగిస్తున్నారు. ఆంధ్ర ప్రదేశ్ రాష్ట్రములోని చిత్తూరు జిల్లాలో, తమిళనాడు లోని నతము వద్ద లాంటానా పొదలను, స్థానికంగా దొరికే కలుపు పొదలను కొన్ని సముదాయాలు బుట్టలు అళ్లడానికి ఉపయోగిస్తున్నారు.

కొన్ని ప్రాంతాల్లో, ఈ చెట్టు ని లంబాడీ చెట్టు, గాజుకంప అని కూడా అంటారు.

చిత్రమాలిక

మూలాలు

  1. "Lantana camara L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-05-29. మూలం నుండి 2011-06-06 న ఆర్కైవు చేసారు. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
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ಲಂಟಾನ ( Kannada )

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LantanaFlowerLeaves.jpg

ಲಂಟಾನ ಒಂದು ಹೂಬಿಡುವ ಸಸ್ಯ ಪ್ರಜಾತಿಯಾಗಿದೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಅಮೇರಿಕದ ಉಷ್ಣವಲಯಗಳಿಗೆ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯವಾಗಿದೆ.[೧]

ಲಂಟಾನ ಗಿಡವನ್ನು ಹಲವುವೇಳೆ ಒಳಾಂಗಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಅಥವಾ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನೆಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಆದರೆ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಆಶ್ರಯವಿದ್ದರೆ ಉದ್ಯಾನದಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಬಳಸಬಹುದು. ಇದು ತನ್ನ ತವರಾದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಹಾಗೂ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾದಿಂದ ಸುಮಾರು ೫೦ ವಿಭಿನ್ನ ದೇಶಗಳಿಗೆ ಹರಡಿದೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಆಕ್ರಮಣಶೀಲ ಪ್ರಜಾತಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಡಚ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಕರು ಇದನ್ನು ಯೂರೋಪ್‍ಗೆ ತಂದು ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾಗಿ ಕೃಷಿಮಾಡಿದಾಗ, ಇದು ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ ಖಂಡಗಳಿಂದ ವಿಶ್ವದ ಉಳಿದೆಡೆ ಹರಡಿತು. ಬೇಗನೇ ಇದು ಏಷ್ಯಾ ಹಾಗೂ ಓಷಿಯಾನಿಯಾದೊಳಗೆ ಹರಡಿತು, ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಕುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಕಳೆಸಸ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗೊಂಡಿತು.

ಲಂಟಾನ ಗಿಡವು ಹಲವುವೇಳೆ ಇತರ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಅಪೇಕ್ಷಣೀಯ ಪ್ರಜಾತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಹಿಂದಿಕ್ಕಿ ಬೆಳೆದು ಜೀವವೈವಿಧ್ಯವನ್ನು ಕಡಿಮೆಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ಕೃಷಿ ಪ್ರದೇಶಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ನುಗ್ಗಿದರೆ ಎರಡು ಕಾರಣಗಳಿಂದ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನೂ ಉಂಟುಮಾಡಬಹುದು. ಮೊದಲನೆಯದಾಗಿ ಇದು ಜಾನುವಾರುಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿಷಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಎರಡನೆಯದಾಗಿ, ಇದು ದಟ್ಟ ಪೊದೆಗಳನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ, ಇದನ್ನು ಅನಿಯಂತ್ರಿತವಾಗಿ ಬಿಟ್ಟರೆ, ಕೃಷಿಭೂಮಿಯ ಉತ್ಪಾದಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಬಹಳವಾಗಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು.

ಉಲ್ಲೇಖಗಳು

  1. Floridata LC (2007). "Lantana camara". Floridata LC. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
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ಲಂಟಾನ: Brief Summary ( Kannada )

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LantanaFlowerLeaves.jpg

ಲಂಟಾನ ಒಂದು ಹೂಬಿಡುವ ಸಸ್ಯ ಪ್ರಜಾತಿಯಾಗಿದೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಅಮೇರಿಕದ ಉಷ್ಣವಲಯಗಳಿಗೆ ಸ್ಥಳೀಯವಾಗಿದೆ.

ಲಂಟಾನ ಗಿಡವನ್ನು ಹಲವುವೇಳೆ ಒಳಾಂಗಣದಲ್ಲಿ ಅಥವಾ ಸಂರಕ್ಷಣಾಲಯದಲ್ಲಿ ನೆಡಲಾಗುತ್ತದೆ ಆದರೆ ಸಾಕಷ್ಟು ಆಶ್ರಯವಿದ್ದರೆ ಉದ್ಯಾನದಲ್ಲಿಯೂ ಬಳಸಬಹುದು. ಇದು ತನ್ನ ತವರಾದ ಮಧ್ಯ ಹಾಗೂ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಅಮೇರಿಕಾದಿಂದ ಸುಮಾರು ೫೦ ವಿಭಿನ್ನ ದೇಶಗಳಿಗೆ ಹರಡಿದೆ, ಮತ್ತು ಅಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಆಕ್ರಮಣಶೀಲ ಪ್ರಜಾತಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಡಚ್ ಅನ್ವೇಷಕರು ಇದನ್ನು ಯೂರೋಪ್‍ಗೆ ತಂದು ವ್ಯಾಪಕವಾಗಿ ಕೃಷಿಮಾಡಿದಾಗ, ಇದು ಅಮೇರಿಕಾ ಖಂಡಗಳಿಂದ ವಿಶ್ವದ ಉಳಿದೆಡೆ ಹರಡಿತು. ಬೇಗನೇ ಇದು ಏಷ್ಯಾ ಹಾಗೂ ಓಷಿಯಾನಿಯಾದೊಳಗೆ ಹರಡಿತು, ಮತ್ತು ಈ ಭಾಗಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ಇದು ಕುಪ್ರಸಿದ್ಧ ಕಳೆಸಸ್ಯವಾಗಿ ಸ್ಥಾಪನೆಗೊಂಡಿತು.

ಲಂಟಾನ ಗಿಡವು ಹಲವುವೇಳೆ ಇತರ ಹೆಚ್ಚು ಅಪೇಕ್ಷಣೀಯ ಪ್ರಜಾತಿಗಳನ್ನು ಹಿಂದಿಕ್ಕಿ ಬೆಳೆದು ಜೀವವೈವಿಧ್ಯವನ್ನು ಕಡಿಮೆಮಾಡುತ್ತದೆ. ಇದು ಕೃಷಿ ಪ್ರದೇಶಗಳಲ್ಲಿ ನುಗ್ಗಿದರೆ ಎರಡು ಕಾರಣಗಳಿಂದ ಸಮಸ್ಯೆಗಳನ್ನೂ ಉಂಟುಮಾಡಬಹುದು. ಮೊದಲನೆಯದಾಗಿ ಇದು ಜಾನುವಾರುಗಳಿಗೆ ವಿಷಕಾರಿಯಾಗಿದೆ. ಎರಡನೆಯದಾಗಿ, ಇದು ದಟ್ಟ ಪೊದೆಗಳನ್ನು ರೂಪಿಸಿಕೊಳ್ಳುವ ಸಾಮರ್ಥ್ಯ ಹೊಂದಿದೆ, ಇದನ್ನು ಅನಿಯಂತ್ರಿತವಾಗಿ ಬಿಟ್ಟರೆ, ಕೃಷಿಭೂಮಿಯ ಉತ್ಪಾದಕತೆಯನ್ನು ಬಹಳವಾಗಿ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಮಾಡಬಹುದು.

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ವಿಕಿಪೀಡಿಯ ಲೇಖಕರು ಮತ್ತು ಸಂಪಾದಕರು

ගඳපාන ( Sinhalese )

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මූලාශ්‍ර

  1. "Lantana camara L." Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-05-29. Retrieved 2010-08-28.
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විකිපීඩියා කතුවරුන් සහ කතුවරුන්

Sirieh-rieh

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Bak sirieh-rieh

Sirieh-rieh nakeuh saboh jeunèh bak bungong nyang na di Acèh. Lam basa Latèn, bak bungong nyoe geupeunan Lantana camara. Lam basa-basa laén bungong nyoe geupeunan pokok tahi ayam (Meulayu), saliara (Sunda) ngön tembelekan (Jawa).

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Umuhengeli ( Kinyarwanda )

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Umuhengeli
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Intama

Umuhengeli cyangwa Irandani (izina ry’ubumenyi mu kilatini Lantana camara) ni ikimera.

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ಕಾಟ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ ( Tcy )

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ಕಾಟ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ

ಕಾಟ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ ದಯಿತ ಮೂಲ ದಕ್ಷಿಣ ಅಮೆರಿಕ ಆಂಡಾ ನಮೊ ಭಾರತ ದೇಶೊಡುಲ ಪೊರ್ಲುಗೋಸ್ಕರ ನಡ್ಪುನ ಒಂಜಿ ಮರ್ದ್‌ದ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಇತ್ತಿನ ದಯಿ. ೧೮ನೇ ಶತಮಾನೊಡು ಪೋರ್ಚುಗೀಸೆರ್ ಈ ದಯಿನ್ ಭಾರತೊಗು ಪತ್ತೋಂದು ಬತ್ತ್‌‌‌ದ್ ಪೊರ್ಲುಗು ಬೋಡಾದ್ ನಡ್‌ದ್ ಬುಲೆಪಾಯೆರ್.

ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಪುದರುಲು

  • ವೈಜ್ಞಾನಿಕ ಪುದರ್ - ಲಾಂಟಾನ ಕ್ಯಾಮರ
  • ಕನ್ನಡ - ಕಸೂತಿ ಹೂ, ಕಾಡುಜೋಳ, ರೋಜಣ್ ಗಿಡ, ಹೇಸಿಗೆ ಹೂ
  • ತಮಿಳು- ಉಣ್ಣೆಚಡಿ
  • ತೆಲುಗು- ಮಕ್ಕಡಮು, ಪುಲಿಕಂಪ
  • ಇಂಗ್ಲೀಷ್ - ಲಾಂಟಾನಬುಷ್[೧]

ದಯಿತ ಬುಳೆಚ್ಚಿಲ್ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ರೂಪ

ಈ ದಯಿ ಸಾಮಾನ್ಯವಾದ್ ಮಾಂತ ರೀತಿದ ವಳಚ್ಚಿಲ್ ಜಾಗಡ್ ಪುದೆಲಾದ್ ಬುಳೆಪುಂಡು.ಕೆಲವು ಜಾಗೆಡ್ ಬೇಲಿ ದಯಿಯಾದ್ ಲಾ ಉಪಯೋಗ ಮಲ್ಪುವೆರ್.ಪುದೆಲ್ದ ಲೆಕ್ಕ ಬಳತಿನ ದಯಿತ ಮುದೆಲ್ಡ ದಂಡ್ ಉರುಟಾದ್ ಇತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಲಾತ್ತ್ ದಂಡ್‌‍ಡ್ ನಾಲ್ ಮೂಲೆಲು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ದಂಡ್‌‍ಡ್ ತಿರ್ತ್ ಬಗ್ಗ್‌ನ ಎಲ್ಯ ಮುಳ್ಳುಲು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು. ಉರುಟಾದ್ ಉದ್ದ ಅಂಡಾಕಾರದ ಇರೆಕುಲು ಉಪ್ಪುಂಡು ಅಂಚನೆ ಕೆಂಪು, ಮಂಜಲ್, ಗುಲಾಬಿ ಬೇತೆ ಬೇತೆ ಬಣ್ಣದ ಪೂಕುಲು ಆಪುಂಡು. ಈ ದಯಿಟ್ ಮುತ್ತುದಂಚಿನ ಪಚ್ಚೆ ಬಣ್ಣದ ಕಾಯಿ ಆದ್ ಪರ್ಂದ್‍ನಗ ಕಪ್ಪು ಬಣ್ಣ ಆಪುಂಡು ತಿನಿಯೆರೆ ಭಾರಿ ರುಚಿಯಾದುಂಡು.

ಮರ್ದ್‌ದ ಉಪಯೋಗ

  • ಪರಿತದ ಆಯುದೊಡ್ಡ್ ಗಾಯ ಆದಿತ್ತ್ಂಡ ಕಾಟ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ ದಯಿತ ಇರೆನ್ ಅರೆತ್‌‌‌‌ದ್ ಸುಣ್ಣ ಸೇರ್ಸಾದ್ ಪೂಜಿಂಡ ಗಾಯ ಬೇಗ ಗುಣ ಅಪುಂಡು.
  • ಧನುರ್ವಾಯು, ಸಂಧಿವಾತ ಬೊಕ್ಕ ಮಲೇರಿಯ ಸುರುವಾನಗ ಕಾಟ್ ಗುಲಾಬಿ ದಯಿತ ಕಷಾಯ ಪರ್ಂಡ ಕಡಿಮೆ ಆಪುಂಡು.

ಉಲ್ಲೇಕೊ

  1. http://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/32676
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Lantana camara

provided by wikipedia EN

Lantana camara (common lantana) is a species of flowering plant within the verbena family (Verbenaceae), native to the American tropics.[5][6] It is a very adaptable species, which can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems; once it has been introduced into a habitat it spreads rapidly; between 45ºN and 45ºS and more than 1,400 metres (4,600 feet) in altitude.

It has spread from its native range to around 50 countries,[7] where it has become an invasive species.[8][9] It first spread out of the Americas when it was brought to Europe by Dutch explorers and cultivated widely, soon spreading further into Asia and Oceania where it has established itself as a notorious weed, and in Goa it was introduced by the Portuguese.[8]

L. camara can outcompete native species[1],[10] leading to a reduction in biodiversity.[11] It can also cause problems if it invades agricultural areas as a result of its toxicity to livestock, as well as its ability to form dense thickets which, if left unchecked, can greatly reduce the productivity of farmland[12]by suppressing the pastures (grasses) essential for livestock production and also suppresses crops in cultivated farmlands.[2]

Description

Lanatana camara 2.jpg

Lantana camara is a perennial, erect sprawling or scandent, shrub which typically grows to around 2 metres (6+12 feet) tall and form dense thickets in a variety of environments. Under the right conditions, it can scramble up into trees and can grow to 6 m (20 ft) tall.[13][14]

The leaves are broadly ovate, opposite, and simple and have a strong odour when crushed.[15]

L. camara has small tubular-shaped flowers, which each have four petals and are arranged in clusters in terminal areas stems. Flowers come in many different colours, including red, yellow, white, pink and orange, which differ depending on location in inflorescences, age, and maturity.[16] The flower has a tutti frutti smell with a peppery undertone. After pollination occurs, the colour of the flowers changes (typically from yellow to orangish, pinkish, or reddish); this is believed to be a signal to pollinators that the pre-change colour contains a reward as well as being sexually viable, thus increasing pollination efficiency.[17] In frost-free climates the plant can bloom all year round, especially when the soil is moist.[18]

There are five major flower colour varieties in Australia:[19]

  • Pink – Bud: pink; Middle ring: yellow opening with pale yellow petals; Outer ring: orange opening with pale or dark pink petals
  • White – Bud: cream coloured; Middle ring: yellow opening with light yellow petals; Outer ring: orange or yellow opening with lilac petals
  • Pink-edged Red – Bud: pink to reddish pink; Middle ring: orange opening with light yellow to orange petals; Outer ring: orange opening having two pink to red petals
  • Red – Bud: blood red; Middle ring: yellow opening with yellow petals; Outer ring: red throat having red petals
  • Orange – Bud: orange; Middle ring: yellow to orange opening, yellow petals; Outer ring: orange opening with orange petals
Lantana camara -fruits

The fruit is a berry-like drupe which turns from green to dark purple when mature. Green unripe fruits are inedible to humans and animals alike. Because of dense patches of hard spikes on their rind, ingestion of them can result in serious damage to the digestive tract. Both seed and vegetative reproduction occur. Up to 12,000 fruits can be produced by each plant.[20]

Taxonomy

Due to extensive selective breeding throughout the 17th and 18th centuries for use as an ornamental plant, there are now many different cultivars.[4]

Other common names include Cariaquillo (Boriken, Puerto Rico), Spanish flag, big-sage (Malaysia), Putush (West Bengal), Kongini (Kerala), Ghaneri घाणेरी (Maharashtra), wild-sage, red-sage, white-sage (Caribbean), korsu wiri or korsoe wiwiri (Suriname), tickberry (South Africa), Kashi Kothan (Maldives),[21] West Indian lantana,[22] umbelanterna, and Gu Phool in Assam, and Thirei in Manipur.

Etymology

The name Lantana derives from the Latin name of the wayfaring tree Viburnum lantana, the flowers of which closely resemble Lantana.[8][23]

Camara is derived from Greek, meaning 'arched', 'chambered', or 'vaulted'.[23]

Distribution and habitat

The native range of Lantana camara is Central and South America; however, it has become naturalised in around 60 tropical and sub-tropical countries worldwide.[24][25] It is found frequently in east and southern Africa, where it occurs at altitudes below 2,000 m (6,600 ft), and often invades previously disturbed areas such as logged forests and areas cleared for agriculture.[26]

Flowers of Lantana camara in West Bengal, India.

L. camara has also spread across the areas of Africa, Southern Europe, such as Spain and Portugal, and also the Middle East, India, tropical Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the US, as well as many Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean islands.[27][28] It has become a significant weed in Sri Lanka after escaping from the Royal Botanical Gardens in 1926.[29][30] Lantanas were brought to Australia as an ornamental garden plant in 1841, which spread and escaped domestic cultivation and became established in the wild within 20 years.[31] They were brought to India by the British around 200 years ago, which then spread and became invasive there as well.[32]

It was introduced into the Philippines from Hawaii as part of an exchange program between the United States and the Philippines; however, it managed to escape and has become naturalized in the islands.[33] It has also been introduced to the whole southern US, from California to North Carolina,[34] and is considered hardy in US Department of Agriculture zones 10 and 11.[35]

The range of L. camara is still increasing, shown by the fact that it has invaded many islands on which it was not present in 1974, including the Galapagos Islands, Saipan and the Solomon Islands.[28] There is also evidence that L. camara is still increasing its range in areas where it has been established for many years, such as East Africa, Australia and New Zealand.[7] The ability of L. camara to rapidly colonise areas of land which have been disturbed has allowed it to proliferate in countries where activities such as logging, clearance for agriculture and forest fires are common. In contrast, in countries with large areas of intact primary forest, the distribution of L. camara has been limited.[7][36]

Ecology

Birds and other animals eat the seeds, helping spread them over large distances.

A hedge in Sydney that averages a height of 6 m (19+12 ft)
A Lantana within the Sydney hedge that reaches 7 m (23 ft)

Habitat

The species is found in a variety of environments, including:

L. camara is rarely found in natural or semi-natural areas of forest, as it is unable to compete with taller trees due to its lack of tolerance for shade.[21] Instead it grows at the forest edge. L. camara can survive in a wide range of climatic conditions, including drought, different soil types, heat, humidity and salt. It is also relatively fire tolerant and can quickly establish itself in recently burnt areas of forest.[26][37]

As an invasive species

4.5 m (15 ft) tall shrubs infesting a native woodland area in Sydney

L. camara is considered to be a weed in large areas of the Paleotropics where it has established itself. In agricultural areas or secondary forests it can become the dominant understorey shrub, crowding out other native species and reducing biodiversity.[21] The formation of dense thickets of L. camara can significantly slow down the regeneration of forests by preventing the growth of new trees.[4]

In the US, L. camara is considered invasive in tropical areas such as Florida and Hawaii.[34]

Although L. camara is itself quite resistant to fire, it can change fire patterns in a forest ecosystem by altering the fuel load, causing a buildup of forest fuel, which itself increases the risk of fires spreading to the canopy.[38] This can be particularly destructive in dry, arid areas where fire can spread quickly and lead to the loss of large areas of natural ecosystem.

L. camara reduces the productivity in pasture through the formation of dense thickets, which reduce growth of crops as well as make harvesting more difficult. There are also secondary impacts, including the finding that in Africa, mosquitos which transmit malaria and tsetse flies shelter within the bushes of L. camara.[39]

Even though L. camara is considered invasive to the Western Ghats, the plant does not seem to impact biodiversity in the region; rather it tends to simply occupy the same moist regions as other species.[40]

There are many reasons why L. camara has been so successful as an invasive species; however, the primary factors which have allowed it to establish itself are:

  1. Wide dispersal range made possible by birds and other animals that eat its drupes
  2. Less prone to being eaten by animals due to toxicity
  3. Tolerance of a wide range of environmental conditions[21]
  4. Increase in logging and habitat modification, which has been beneficial to L. camara as it prefers disturbed habitats
  5. Production of toxic chemicals which inhibit competing plant species
  6. Extremely high seed production (12,000 seeds from each plant per year)[41]

Management and control

Effective management of invasive L. camara in the long term will require a reduction in activities that create degraded habitats. Maintaining functioning (healthy) ecosystems is key to preventing invasive species from establishing themselves and out-competing native fauna and flora.

Biological

Insects and other biocontrol agents have been implemented with varying degrees of success in an attempt to control L. camara. It was the first weed ever subjected to biological control; however, none of the programs have been successful despite 36 control agents being used across 33 regions.[42]

The lack of success using biological control in this case is most likely due to the many hybrid forms of L. camara, as well as its large genetic diversity which makes it difficult for the control agents to target all plants effectively. A recent study in India has shown some results around biological control of this plant using tingid bugs.[43]

Mechanical

Mechanical control of L. camara involves physically removing the plants. Physical removal can be effective but is labour-intensive and expensive,[21] therefore removal is usually only appropriate in small areas or at the early stages of an infestation. Another method of mechanical control is to use fire treatment, followed by revegetation with native species.

Chemical

Using herbicides to manage L. camara is very effective but also expensive, prohibiting its use in many poorer countries where L. camara is well established. The most effective way of chemically treating plant species is to first mow the area, then spray the area with a weed-killer, although this may have serious environmental consequences.

Toxicity

Lantana camara is known to be toxic to livestock such as cattle, sheep, horses, dogs and goats.[44][45] The active substances causing toxicity in grazing animals are pentacyclic triterpenoids called Lantadenes, which result in liver damage and photosensitivity.[46] L. camara also excretes allelopathic chemicals, which reduce the growth of surrounding plants by inhibiting germination and root elongation.[47]

The toxicity of L. camara to humans is undetermined, with several studies suggesting that ingesting berries can be toxic to humans, such as a study by O. P. Sharma which states "Green unripe fruits of the plant are toxic to humans".[48] North Carolina State University's Extension Gardener website states that ingestion of the flowers, fruits, and leaves can cause vomiting, diarrhea, difficulty breathing, and liver failure, while the leaves can cause contact dermatitis.[49] A field guide by the US Department of the Army says the plant can even be fatal.[50] Contrarily, some studies have claimed that the species poses no risk to humans when eaten, and is in fact edible when ripe.[51][52]

Uses

Lantana camara stalks have been used in the construction of furniture, such as chairs and tables;[53] however, the main uses have historically been medicinal and ornamental.

Medicinal value

Studies conducted in India have found that Lantana leaves can display antimicrobial, fungicidal and insecticidal properties.[4][54] L. camara has also been used in traditional herbal medicines for treating a variety of ailments, including cancer, skin itches, leprosy, chicken pox, measles, asthma and ulcers.[4]

L. camara extract has shown to reduce gastric ulcer development in rats.[55]

Ornamental

Lantana camara has been grown specifically for use as an ornamental plant since Dutch explorers first brought it to Europe from the New World.[4] Its ability to last for a relatively long time without water, and the fact that it does not have many pests or diseases which affect it, have contributed to it becoming a common ornamental plant. L. camara also attracts butterflies and birds and is frequently used in butterfly gardens.[5] As an ornamental, L. camara is often cultivated indoors, or in a conservatory, in cool climates, but can also thrive in a garden with sufficient shelter.[56]

As a host plant

Many butterfly species feed on the nectar of L. camara. Papilio homerus, the largest butterfly in the western hemisphere, is known to feed on the nectar of the flowers as an opportunistic flower feeder.[57] A jumping spider, Evarcha culicivora, has an association with L. camara. They consume the nectar for food and preferentially use these plants as a location for courtship.[58]

References

  1. ^ Munir A (1996). "A taxonomic review of Lantana camara L. and L. montevidensis (Spreng.) Briq. (Verbenaceae) in Australia". Journal of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. 17: 1–27.
  2. ^ "NatureServe Explorer".
  3. ^ "Lantana aculeta L." U.S National Plant Germplasm System (NPGS). Retrieved January 6, 2019.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Global Invasive Species Database". issg.org.uk. Archived from the original on 2014-04-07. Retrieved 2014-03-22.
  5. ^ a b Floridata LC (2007). "Lantana camara". Floridata LC. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  6. ^ Moyhill Publishing (2007). "English vs. Latin Names". Moyhill Publishing. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  7. ^ a b c Day, M. D. (December 24, 2003). Lantana: current management status and future prospects. Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research. ISBN 978-1863203753. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  8. ^ a b c Ghisalberti, E.L. (2000). "Lantana camara L. (Verbenaceae)". Fitoterapia. 71 (5): 467–486. doi:10.1016/S0367-326X(00)00202-1. PMID 11449493.
  9. ^ Sharma, OM.P.; Harinder, Paul S (1988). "A review of the noxious plant Lantana camara". Toxicon. 26 (11): 975–987. doi:10.1016/0041-0101(88)90196-1. PMID 3072688.
  10. ^ Kasaga, Lawrence (March 2022). "IMPACT OF Lantana camara ON NATIVE VEGETATION STRUCTURE AND DIVERSITY OF KAKIIKA, MBARARA, UGANDA". doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.31037.95206. Retrieved 23 December 2022. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  11. ^ Kohli, Ravinder. K. (2006). "Status, invasiveness and environmental threats of three tropical American invasive weeds (Parthenium hysterophorus L., Ageratum conyzoides L., Lantana camara L.) in India". Biological Invasions. 8 (7): 1501–1510. doi:10.1007/s10530-005-5842-1. S2CID 23302783.
  12. ^ Ensbey, Rob. "Lantana - Weed of National Significance".
  13. ^ Lantana camara L. WEEDS AUSTRALIA - PROFILES. Centre for Invasive Species Solutions.
  14. ^ Sharma, O.P. (1981). "A Review of the Toxicity of Lantana camara (Linn) in Animals". Clinical Toxicology. 18 (9): 1077–1094. doi:10.3109/15563658108990337. PMID 7032835.
  15. ^ Rosacia, W. Z.; et al. (2004). "Lantana and Hagonoy: Poisonous weeds prominent in rangeland and grassland areas" (PDF). Research Information Series on Ecosystems. 16 (2). Retrieved July 27, 2011.
  16. ^ MOHAN RAM, H.Y. (1984). "Flower Colour Changes in Lantana camara". Journal of Experimental Botany. 35 (11): 1656–1662. doi:10.1093/jxb/35.11.1656.
  17. ^ Weiss, Martha. R. (1990). "Floral Color Changes As Cues For Pollinators". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  18. ^ Lantana Rod Ensbey, Regional Weed Control Coordinator, Grafton. September 2008.
  19. ^ Identification Guide: Lantana flowers Lantana – A Weed of National Significance (www.nrm.qld.gov.au). Retrieved 24 December 2021.
  20. ^ "Lantana camara". 2008.
  21. ^ a b c d e Quentin C. B. Cronk, Janice L. Fuller (1995). Plant Invaders: The Threat to Natural Ecosystems. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: Springer. ISBN 978-0-412-48380-6.
  22. ^ "Lantana camara". Plants Rescue. Retrieved 20 July 2018.
  23. ^ a b Gledhill, David (2008). "The Names of Plants". Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521866453 (hardback), ISBN 9780521685535 (paperback). pp 87,230
  24. ^ Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2005). "Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: Lantana camanara" (PDF). Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council.
  25. ^ Sanders, R.W. (2012). "Taxonomy of Lantana sect Lantana (Verbenaceae)". Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas. 6 (2): 403–442.
  26. ^ a b Gentle, C. B. (1974). "Lantana camara L. invasions in dry rainforest - open forest ecotones: The role of disturbances associated with fire and cattle grazing". Australian Journal of Ecology. 22 (3): 298–306. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1997.tb00675.x.
  27. ^ "Lantana camara". October 2006.
  28. ^ a b Thaman, R. R. (2006). "Lantana camara: its introduction, dispersal and impact on islands of the tropical Pacific Ocean". Micronesia Journal of the University of Guam. 10: 17–39.
  29. ^ "Forest Invasive Species: Country Report" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  30. ^ S. Ranwala, B. Marambe, S. Wijesundara, P. Silva, D. Weerakoon, N. Atapattu, J. Gunawardena, L. Manawadu, G. Gamage, Post-entry risk assessment of invasive alien flora in Sri Lanka-present status, GAP analysis, and the most troublesome alien invaders, Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, Special Issue, October, 2012: 863-871.
  31. ^ Lantana NSW Department of Planning and Environment
  32. ^ In Bandipur, the war against Lantana by The Hindu
  33. ^ "Forest Invasive Species: Country Report" (PDF). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Retrieved March 23, 2014. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  34. ^ a b "Plants Profile for Lantana camara (lantana)". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  35. ^ "Lantana camara". Missouri Botanical Garden Plant Finder. Retrieved March 9, 2021.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  36. ^ Duggin, J.A; Gentle, C.B (1998). "Experimental evidence on the importance of disturbance intensity for invasion of Lantana camara L. in dry rainforest–open forest ecotones in north-eastern NSW, Australia". Forest Ecology and Management. 109 (1–3): 279–292. doi:10.1016/S0378-1127(98)00252-7.
  37. ^ Fensham, R. J; Fairfax, R. J; Cannell, R. J (1994). "The invasion of Lantana camara L. in Forty Mile Scrub National Park, north Queensland". Austral Ecology. 19 (3): 297–305. doi:10.1111/j.1442-9993.1994.tb00493.x.
  38. ^ Berry, Z C; Wevill, K; Curran, T J (2011). "The invasive weed Lantana camara increases fire risk in dry rainforest by altering fuel beds". Weed Research. 51 (5): 525–533. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00869.x.
  39. ^ Okoth J. O. (1987). "A study of the resting sites of Glossina fuscipes fuscipes (Newstead) in relation to Lantana camara thickets and coffee and banana plantations in the sleeping sickness epidemic focus, Busoga, Uganda". Uganda Trypanosomiasis Research Organization. 8: 57–60. doi:10.1017/S1742758400006962. S2CID 87065966.
  40. ^ "Effect of weeds Lantana camara and Chromelina odorata growth on the species diversity, regeneration and stem density of tree and shrub layer in BRT sanctuary" (PDF).
  41. ^ "Weed Management Guide - Lantana" (PDF). Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  42. ^ "Management Information". Global Invasive Species Database. Retrieved March 24, 2014.
  43. ^ "Karnataka gets nature's gift to fight deadly weed - Times of India". The Times of India. Retrieved 2017-08-21.
  44. ^ Ross, Ivan. A. (1999). Medicinal plants of the world (PDF). Humana Press. p. 187.
  45. ^ Burns, D. (2001). Storey's Horse-Lover's Encyclopedia: an English & Western A-to-Z Guide. Storey Publishing. p. 302. ISBN 978-1-58017-317-9.
  46. ^ Barceloux, D. G. (2008). Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals. Wiley. pp. 867–8. ISBN 978-0-471-72761-3.
  47. ^ Ahmed. R (2007). "Allelopathic effects of Lantana camara on germination and growth behavior of some agricultural crops in Bangladesh". Journal of Forestry Research. 18 (4): 201–304. doi:10.1007/s11676-007-0060-6. S2CID 61760.
  48. ^ Sharma O. P. (2007). "A review of the hepatotoxic plant Lantana camara". Critical Reviews in Toxicology. 37 (4): 313–352. doi:10.1080/10408440601177863. PMID 17453937. S2CID 23993698.
  49. ^ "Lantana camara (Common Lantana, Lantana, Red Sage, Shrub Verbena, Yellow Sage) | North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox". plants.ces.ncsu.edu. Retrieved 2021-03-09.
  50. ^ The Complete Guide to Edible Wild Plants. United States Department of the Army. New York: Skyhorse Publishing. 2009. p. 131. ISBN 978-1-60239-692-0. OCLC 277203364.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  51. ^ Herzog et al. (1996), Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge & Libreros Ferla (2000), TAMREC (2000)
  52. ^ Carstairs, S. D. et al. (December 2010). "Ingestion of Lantana camara is not associated with significant effects in children". Pediatrics. 126 (6): e1585–8. doi:10.1542/peds.2010-1669. PMID 21041281. S2CID 36904122.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
  53. ^ Khanna, L. S.; Prakash, R. (1983). Theory and Practice of silvicultural Systems. International Book Distributions.
  54. ^ Chavan and Nikam (1982). "Investigation of Lantana camara Linn (Verbenaceae) leaves for larvicidal activity". {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  55. ^ Sathish, R.; et al. (March 2011). "Antiulcerogenic activity of Lantana camara leaves on gastric and duodenal ulcers in experimental rats". J Ethnopharmacol. 134 (1): 195–7. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.049. PMID 21129476.
  56. ^ "Lantana". BBC Plant Finder.
  57. ^ Lehnert, Matthew S.; Kramer, Valerie R.; Rawlins, John E.; Verdecia, Vanessa; Daniels, Jaret C. (2017-07-10). "Jamaica's Critically Endangered Butterfly: A Review of the Biology and Conservation Status of the Homerus Swallowtail (Papilio (Pterourus) homerus Fabricius)". Insects. 8 (3): 68. doi:10.3390/insects8030068. PMC 5620688. PMID 28698508.
  58. ^ Cross, Fiona R., and Robert R. Jackson. "Odour‐mediated response to plants by evarcha culicivora, a blood‐feeding jumping spider from East Africa." New Zealand Journal of Zoology 36.2 (2009): 75-80.

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Lantana camara: Brief Summary

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Lantana camara (common lantana) is a species of flowering plant within the verbena family (Verbenaceae), native to the American tropics. It is a very adaptable species, which can inhabit a wide variety of ecosystems; once it has been introduced into a habitat it spreads rapidly; between 45ºN and 45ºS and more than 1,400 metres (4,600 feet) in altitude.

It has spread from its native range to around 50 countries, where it has become an invasive species. It first spread out of the Americas when it was brought to Europe by Dutch explorers and cultivated widely, soon spreading further into Asia and Oceania where it has established itself as a notorious weed, and in Goa it was introduced by the Portuguese.

L. camara can outcompete native species[1], leading to a reduction in biodiversity. It can also cause problems if it invades agricultural areas as a result of its toxicity to livestock, as well as its ability to form dense thickets which, if left unchecked, can greatly reduce the productivity of farmlandby suppressing the pastures (grasses) essential for livestock production and also suppresses crops in cultivated farmlands.[2]

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Lantana camara ( Spanish; Castilian )

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Lantana camara, llamada comúnmente lantana, bandera española o cinco negritos entre otros muchos nombres vernáculos, es un arbusto del género Lantana. Es nativa de Centroamérica y Sudamérica.
Está incluida en la lista 100 de las especies exóticas invasoras más dañinas del mundo[1]​ de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Se utiliza como planta ornamental y para formar vallas vivas.

 src=
Frutas inmaduras y maduras.
 src=
L. camara var. 'flava': flores solamente amarillas.
 src=
L. camara var. 'victoria:' flores blancas, con limbo central amarillo.
 src=
L. camara var. 'sanguinea': flores de color amarillo azafrán, tornándose rojas brillantes y coexistiendo en la misma cima.
 src=
L. camara var. 'mutabilis': flores que abren blanquecinas y tornan al amarillo y al rosa liláceo, coexistiendo en la misma cima.
 src=
Yemas floríferas de L. camara var. 'sanguinea'.

Descripción

Es un arbusto perennifolio de follaje caducifolio; de rápido crecimiento, puede alcanzar hasta 2,5 m de altura. Porte erecto o sub-erecto, a veces trepador. Se ramifica abundantemente desde la base, con ramas cuadrangulares, hirsutas, a veces con pequeños aguijones.

Las hojas, de entre 2-12 por 2-6 cm, son simples, opuestas, pecioladas, ovado a oblongas; base subcordada; acuminadas en el ápice; de borde dentado; ásperas y rugosas en el haz; de color verde claro a amarillento.

Inflorescencias en capítulos planos con pequeñas flores (4 cm) de corola tubulosa, zigomorfa, con ovario súpero bilocular de color blanco, amarillo, naranja, rosa o malva; suelen cambiar de tonalidad a medida que maduran.

El fruto es una drupa de 5 mm de diámetro carnosa, esférica, de color verde, a púrpura o negro azulado brillante al madurar, con dos semillas. Fructifica en verano y otoño mientras continúa en flor. La floración se extiende desde la primavera hasta los primeros fríos en las zonas templadas.[2]

Distribución

Es nativa de Centroamérica y Sudamérica y se ha naturalizado ampliamente por todas las regiones neotropicales, extendiéndose también por Australia y Sudáfrica.[2]

Es una especie muy adaptable, que puede habitar una amplia variedad de ecosistemas, una vez que se ha introducido en un hábitat se propaga rápidamente; entre los 45º N y 45º S y más de 1400 m s. n. m. de altitud. [2]

Ecología

Impacto ecológico

Se considera una especie invasora en muchas zonas tropicales[3]​ y ha cubierto grandes áreas de la India, así como Australia y buena parte de África. Coloniza nuevas zonas cuando sus semillas son dispersadas por las aves. Una vez que llega a una zona se propaga tan rápidamente que los esfuerzos por erradicarla han fracasado completamente. Es resistente al fuego, y crece rápidamente colonizando las zonas quemadas. Llega sa ser una plaga agrícola.[4][2]​ Se ha convertido en un grave obstáculo para la regeneración natural de importantes especies nativas, incluida Shorea robusta en el sudeste de Asia, así como diferentes especies en otros 22 países. En los invernaderos, es muy propensa a atraer la mosca blanca.[5]

Si bien se considera una plaga en Australia, ofrece refugio contra los depredadores a las especies nativas de marsupiales y un hábitat para los grupos vulnerables de las abejas nativas, Exoneura, que anidan en el interior de los tallos. Sus flores producen abundante néctar, lo hace muy atractivo para especies de colibrí y mariposas.[6]

En Sudáfrica se ha prohibido su plantación en jardines, para evitar su propagación excesiva.[2]

La ingestión de la planta es nociva para los animales.[5]​ Las bayas son comestibles cuando están maduras aunque, al igual que muchas otras frutas son levemente venenosas para los seres humanos y el ganado cuando aún están verdes. Se ha incluido en la categoría de "especies invasoras tóxicas" en Florida, y constituye una amenaza en Texas y Hawái.[5]

En las islas Galápagos se considera una especie invasora.[7]

Naturalización

Esta especie se ha naturalizado en zonas tropicales y regiones cálidas de todo el mundo. En el altiplano de Kenia crece en muchas áreas que reciben incluso cantidades mínimas de precipitaciones. Se puede encontrar a lo largo de senderos, campos abandonados, y explotaciones agrícolas. También se ha naturalizado tanto en Estados Unidos como en México —a excepción de las zonas áridas, tiene una distribución amplia. Tanto por la vertiente del Golfo de México como por la del Pacífico—,[8]​ en particular en los llanos costeros del Atlántico, desde Florida a Georgia, donde el clima es similar al de su hábitat nativo, con alta humedad y calor.

Domesticación

Se ha convertido en una especie popular en jardines, por su naturaleza resistente. No se ve afectada por plagas o enfermedades, tiene una baja demanda de agua, y soporta el calor extremo. Es una especie favorita para las mariposas, y se utiliza en los jardines de mariposas en los Estados Unidos.[cita requerida]

Taxonomía

Lantana camara fue descrito por Carlos Linneo y publicado en Species Plantarum 2: 627. 1753.[9]

Sinonimia
  • Camara vulgaris Benth. (1846).
  • Lantana urticifolia Mill. (1768).
  • Lantana mixta Medik. (1775).
  • Lantana sanguinea Medik. (1775).
  • Lantana crocea Jacq. (1804).
  • Lantana suaveolens Desf. (1829), nom. illeg.
  • Lantana coccinea Lodd. ex G.Don in J.C.Loudon (1830), nom. nud.
  • Lantana antillana Raf. (1838).
  • Lantana undulata Raf. (1838).
  • Lantana moritziana Otto & A.Dietr. (1841).
  • Lantana asperata Vis. (1842).
  • Lantana viburnoides Blanco (1845)
  • Lantana annua C.B.Clarke in J.D.Hooker (1885), nom. inval.
  • Camara × aculeata f. crocea (Jacq.) Kuntze (1891).
  • Camara × aculeata f. sanguinea (Medik.) Kuntze (1891).
  • Camara × aculeata var. subinermis Kuntze (1891).
  • Lantana × aculeata f. crocea (Jacq.) Voss (1894).
  • Lantana × aculeata var. subinermis (Kuntze) Voss (1894).
  • Camara × aculeata f. obtusifolia Kuntze (1898).
  • Camara × aculeata f. varia Kuntze (1898).
  • Lantana glandulosissima Hayek (1906).
  • Lantana glandulosissima f. aculeatissima Hayek (1906).
  • Lantana crocea var. guatemalensis Loes. (1911).
  • Lantana glandulosissima f. albiflora Moldenke (1973).
  • Lantana moritziana f. parvifolia Moldenke (1973).
  • Lantana glandulosissima f. flava Moldenke (1980).
  • Lantana glandulosissima f. parvifolia Moldenke (1981).
  • Lantana arida var. portoricensis Moldenke (1982).
  • Lantana arida var. sargentii Moldenke (1982).
  • Lantana glandulosissima var. grandis Moldenke (1982).
  • Lantana urticifolia subsp. portoricensis (Moldenke) R.W.Sanders (1987).
  • Lantana urticifolia subsp. moldenkei R.W.Sanders (1989).
  • Lantana glandulosissima f. sargentii (Moldenke) I.E.Méndez (2002).[10]
  • Lantana aculeata.
  • Lantana armata.
  • Lantana glutinosa (Poepp.).
  • Lantana scabrida Sol. in Aiton [1789].
  • Lantana polyacantha Schau ex A.DC. in DC. .
  • Lantana mutabilis Weigel [1776].
  • Lantana mutabilis Salisb. [1796].
  • Lantana antillana Raf. [1838].[11]

Nombres comunes

Albahaca de caballo, bandera española, cariaquito, cámara, lantana, maestrante del Brasil, té de Bahamas (el número entre paréntesis indica las especies que tienen el mismo nombre en España).[12]

  • Ecuador: Supirosa, tupirosa, ingarosa.[cita requerida]
  • Costa Rica: cinco negritos.[2]
  • México: alantana, flor de San Cayetano, lampana,la nuera y la suegra, entre otros.[2]
  • Nicaragua: cuasquito.[2]
  • Puerto rico: cariaquillo.[2]

Referencias

  1. Lowe S., Browne M., Boudjelas S., De Poorter M. (2000). 100 de las Especies Exóticas Invasoras más dañinas del mundo. Una selección del Global Invasive Species Database. Publicado por el Grupo Especialista de Especies Invasoras (GEEI), un grupo especialista de la Comisión de Supervivencia de Especies (CSE) de la Unión Mundial para la Naturaleza (UICN), 12pp. Primera edición, en inglés, sacada junto con el número 12 de la revista Aliens, diciembre 2000. Versión traducida y actualizada: noviembre 2004.
  2. a b c d e f g h i «Lantana camara (lantana)». CABI - Invasive Specimens compendium (en inglés). Consultado el 27 de octubre de 2020.
  3. New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (2007). «Lantana - fact sheet» (en inglés). Department of Environment and Climate Change - NSW. Archivado desde el original el 3 de septiembre de 2007. Consultado el 19 de septiembre de 2007.
  4. Hiremath, Ankila; Bharath Sundram. (2005). The Fire-Lantana Cycle Hypothesis in Indian Forests. Conservation and Society. La referencia utiliza el parámetro obsoleto |coautores= (ayuda)
  5. a b c «Copia archivada». Archivado desde el original el 15 de septiembre de 2018. Consultado el 25 de abril de 2009.
  6. M. Carman, Ernesto. «Lantana o Cinco negritos». Unión de Ornitólogos de Costa Rica. Consultado el 13 de julio de 2021.
  7. «Galapagos Islands». CABI - Invasive species Compedium (en inglés). Consultado el 27 de octubre de 2020.
  8. «Enciclovida».
  9. «Lantana camara». Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden. Consultado el 23 de marzo de 2015.
  10. Sinónimos en Kew
  11. Sinónimos en Tela Botánica
  12. «Lantana camara». Real Jardín Botánico: Proyecto Anthos. Consultado el 23 de febrero de 2015.

 title=
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wikipedia ES

Lantana camara: Brief Summary ( Spanish; Castilian )

provided by wikipedia ES

Lantana camara, llamada comúnmente lantana, bandera española o cinco negritos entre otros muchos nombres vernáculos, es un arbusto del género Lantana. Es nativa de Centroamérica y Sudamérica.
Está incluida en la lista 100 de las especies exóticas invasoras más dañinas del mundo​ de la Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza. Se utiliza como planta ornamental y para formar vallas vivas.

 src= Frutas inmaduras y maduras.  src= L. camara var. 'flava': flores solamente amarillas.  src= L. camara var. 'victoria:' flores blancas, con limbo central amarillo.  src= L. camara var. 'sanguinea': flores de color amarillo azafrán, tornándose rojas brillantes y coexistiendo en la misma cima.  src= L. camara var. 'mutabilis': flores que abren blanquecinas y tornan al amarillo y al rosa liláceo, coexistiendo en la misma cima.  src= Yemas floríferas de L. camara var. 'sanguinea'.
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Lantana camara ( Basque )

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Lantana camara Lantana generoko landare espezie bat da. Ez du berezko euskal izenik eta Euskal Herrian ikus daitekeen landarea izan arren, jatorria Amerikako Hego eta Erdialdeko eskualde tropikal eta subtropikaletan du.

Hesiak osatzeko erabiltzen da eta apaingarri gisa ere.

Nazio Batuen Naturaren Kontserbazioaren Nazioarteko Batasuneko 100 espezie arrotz inbaditzaile kaltegarrien zerrendan sartzen dute.[1]

Erreferentziak

  1. Lowe S., Browne M., Boudjelas S., De Poorter M. (2000). Munduko 100 espezie inbaditzaile inbaditzaile kaltegarrienen 100. Global Invasive Species datu-baseko hautaketa [1] . Invasive Species Specialist Group (GEEI) taldeak argitaratua, World Conservation Union (IUCN) espezieen Survival Commission (CSE) talde espezializatu bat, 12 pp. Lehenengo edizioa, ingelesez, 2000. urteko abenduko Atzerriko aldizkariaren 12. zenbakiarekin batera. Bertsio itzulia eta eguneratua: 2004ko azaroa.


Landare Artikulu hau landareei buruzko zirriborroa da. Wikipedia lagun dezakezu edukia osatuz.
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Lantana camara: Brief Summary ( Basque )

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Lantana camara Lantana generoko landare espezie bat da. Ez du berezko euskal izenik eta Euskal Herrian ikus daitekeen landarea izan arren, jatorria Amerikako Hego eta Erdialdeko eskualde tropikal eta subtropikaletan du.

Hesiak osatzeko erabiltzen da eta apaingarri gisa ere.

Nazio Batuen Naturaren Kontserbazioaren Nazioarteko Batasuneko 100 espezie arrotz inbaditzaile kaltegarrien zerrendan sartzen dute.

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Kirjotulikruunu ( Finnish )

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Kirjotulikruunu (Lantana camara) on verbenakasvien heimoon kuuluva ainavihanta pensas, jota käytetään koristekasvina.[1] Monin paikoin kirjotulikruunu on haitallinen vieraslaji. Kansainvälinen luonnonsuojeluliitto (IUCN) on listannut lajin maailman sadan haitallisimman vieraslajin joukkoon.[2]

Ulkonäkö ja koko

 src=
Kirjotulikruunun kukintoja.
 src=
Kirjotulikruunun hedelmä ja lehtiä.

Kirjotulikruunu kasvaa 2–3 metriä korkeaksi pensaaksi. Varret ja lehdet ovat karvaisia. Lehdet ovat muodoltaan soikeita, hammaslaitaisia ja teräväkärkisiä, 5–13 cm pitkiä ja 2,5–5 cm leveitä. Lehtien tuoksu on epämiellyttävä. Kukinto on usein monivärinen, halkaisijaltaan 2,5–5 cm ja kupumainen. Kukat ovat pieniä, tavallisesti oransseja mutta joskus myös keltaisia, pinkkejä ja punaisia. Kirjotulikruunun hedelmä on pieni, vihertävän sinimusta ja hohtava luumarja.[1][3] Kasvin kaikki osat ovat lievästi myrkyllisiä.[1]

Laji on hyvin muuntuvainen.[1] Siitä on kehitetty satoja viljelylajikkeita ja -muotoja.[4]

Levinneisyys

Kirjotulikruunu on kotoisin trooppisesta Amerikasta.[1]

Elinympäristö

Kirjotulikruunu kestää hyvin suolaista maaperää ja suolaveden roiskeita. Läpimärkää maaperää laji ei kuitenkaan siedä. Kasvilla on voimakas juuristo ja sen leviämiskyky on erinomainen, minkä takia siitä on monin paikoin tullut luontoon levitessään hankalasti hävitettävä rikkaruoho. Kirjotulikruunusta on haittaa erityisesti maanviljelylle.[1] Se voi aiheuttaa suurta haittaa myös trooppisten metsien uusiutumiselle vallatessaan hakkuualueita. Tiheät kasvustot estävät puuntaimia kasvamasta. Muun muassa Etelä-Intiassa laji hidastaa metsien uusiutumista.[4][5]

Käyttö

Kirjotulikruunua on viljelty yli 300 vuoden ajan.[4] Kasvia käytetään sekä koristekasvina että pensasaidoissa. Se sopii myös polttopuuksi ja kateaineeksi. Lajia kasvatetaan myös ruukkukasvina. Kirjotulikruunun lehdistä saatavilla yhdisteillä on lääkinnällisiä ja antiseptisiä vaikutuksia.[1]

Lähteet

  • Lomakasvio. Trooppisten kasvien tunnistusopas. Toim. Tran Minh, Mirjami & Laaka-Lindberg, Sanna & Junikka, Leo. 2. tarkistettu painos. Kustannusosakeyhtiö Moreeni, 2014.
  • Turunen, Seppo: Valloittavat lajit. Tulokkaat ja vieraslajit tulimuurahaisista jättipalsamiin. Into Kustannus, Helsinki 2015.

Viitteet

  1. a b c d e f g Lomakasvio 2014, s. 220.
  2. Turunen 2015, s. 41.
  3. Lantana camara Missouri Botanical Garden. Viitattu 7.7.2015. (englanniksi)}
  4. a b c Lantana camara (shrub) Global Invasive Species Database. Viitattu 7.7.2015. (englanniksi)
  5. Turunen 2015, s. 32.
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Kirjotulikruunu: Brief Summary ( Finnish )

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Kirjotulikruunu (Lantana camara) on verbenakasvien heimoon kuuluva ainavihanta pensas, jota käytetään koristekasvina. Monin paikoin kirjotulikruunu on haitallinen vieraslaji. Kansainvälinen luonnonsuojeluliitto (IUCN) on listannut lajin maailman sadan haitallisimman vieraslajin joukkoon.

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Lantana camara ( French )

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Lantana camara, le Lantanier ou Camara commun, également appelé Galabert à La Réunion, est une espèce d'arbustes de la famille des Verbenaceae. Il est originaire des Antilles[1] ou d'Amérique centrale, mais est de nos jours pantropical[2]. Il fait partie des 100 pires espèces envahissantes selon l'UICN[3].

Description

 src=
Fruits toxiques de Lantana camara.

Aspect général

 src=
Fleurs de L. camara avec une araignée-crabe blanche (Misumenoides formosipes), en bas à droite, en attente d'une proie.

Lantana camara est un arbrisseau buissonnant sarmenteux épineux, arrondi ou étalé. Il atteint une hauteur de 0,5 à 3 m[4].

Tiges

La tige est quadrangulaire, dotée de nombreuses épines en crochet orientées vers le bas[4].

Feuilles

Ses feuilles de couleur vert sombre et dentées sont composées et opposées. À l'instar des tiges, les feuilles dégagent une forte odeur lorsqu'elles sont froissées[4].

Fleurs

Son inflorescence est en panicules de couleurs multiples. Sa période de floraison s'étend du printemps à l'automne. Ses fleurs sont jaunes ou roses[1].

Fruits

Ses fruits sont des drupes de petite taille et sont groupés, mais non soudés entre eux. Ils sont de couleur noire à maturité. Ils sont toxiques lorsqu'ils sont verts. En Inde, l'espèce porte des fruits toute l'année, ce qui semble avoir un impact sur les communautés d'oiseaux[5].

Habitat et aire de répartition

Cette espèce a été introduite par les jardins botaniques ou comme plante ornementale sur divers continents, où - en zone tropicale - elle s'est naturalisée, mais son aire d'origine est le territoire comprenant le Mexique, l'Amérique centrale, les Grandes Antilles, les Bahamas, la Colombie et le Venezuela[6]. Elle est considérée comme indigène dans la vallée inférieure du Rio Grande (Texas) aux États-Unis[7].

Toxicité

Outre une propension à occuper la niche écologique d'autres espèces, cette plante produit des fruits très toxiques encore verts, avant leur maturité, pour l'homme et de nombreux animaux qui les ingèrent[8]. Son feuillage produit des triterpénoïdes : des composées organiques à 30 carbones pentacycliques qui le rendent hépatotoxique et induit une photosensibilité chez les animaux de pâturages (moutons, chèvres, bovins[9] et chevaux[10]), avec des pertes importantes par mortalité aux États-Unis, en Afrique du Sud, Inde, Mexique et Australie[9].

Invasivité et impacts écologiques

Origines

Des lantaniers originaires des Antilles se sont propagés et naturalisés aux États-Unis, surtout sur le littoral atlantique, de la Floride à la Géorgie, où le climat est proche de son climat natal (chaleur et humidité)[11]. Elle est classée parmi les pires espèces envahissantes et toxiques en Floride, et est devenu un problème au Texas et à Hawaï[11],[12]. En Nouvelle-Calédonie, le Code de l'environnement de la Province Sud interdit l’introduction dans la nature de cette espèce ainsi que sa production, son transport, son utilisation, son colportage, sa cession, sa mise en vente, sa vente ou son achat[13].

Répartition actuelle

Le lantanier a couvert de vastes zones en Inde, en Australie et dans une grande partie de l'Afrique[14], jusque dans les trouées de forêt d'Afrique tropicale (Ouganda…), et jusque sur les plateaux du Kenya dans les zones ne recevant pourtant que peu de pluies. Dans les forêts, elle s'avère d'autant plus invasive que la trouée dans la canopée est vaste ou mise en connexion avec d'autres[15].

Zones de prédilection

Lantana camara se propage le long des sentiers et des lisières de champs déserts, dans les exploitations agricoles et les coupes à blanc.

Caractéristiques favorisant l'invasivité

Les graines étant dispersées par les oiseaux, quand la plante est introduite quelque part, elle peut se propager rapidement si le milieu lui convient. Elle est résistante au feu, et se développe rapidement sur les zones brûlées, devenant même un sérieux obstacle à la régénération naturelle d'espèces indigènes importantes, dont en Asie du Sud l'arbre Shala (Shorea robusta), avec des problèmes documentés dans au moins 22 pays[réf. souhaitée].

Moyens de lutte

Des dispositifs de lutte biologique au moyen d'insectes et de rouilles ont été mis en place avec succès en Nouvelle-Calédonie, où les populations de Lantana camara ont bel et bien régressé[16].

Usages

Artisanat

Cette espèce peut être utilisée pour son bois (tables et chaises fabriquées à partir des tiges, balais par assemblage de ses petites branches)[17].

Propriétés médicinales

L'extrait méthanolique des feuilles de Lantana camara semble faciliter la cicatrisation d'ulcères gastriques et empêcher le développement d'ulcères duodénaux chez le rat[18]. Des extraits des feuilles fraîches ont un effet antibactérien et sont traditionnellement considérées au Brésil comme ayant des vertus antipyrétique, carminatives et utiles pour le traitement d'infections respiratoires[19].

Ornement

Lantana camara a été introduit en Nouvelle-Calédonie en 1863 pour former des haies ornementales. De nos jours, elle se retrouve souvent dans les jardins calédoniens malgré son statut de plante envahissante et le fait que sa détention soit interdite[2].

Horticulture

Le lantanier peut être planté à l'extérieur ou à l'intérieur[1]. Le plein soleil favorise sa floraison[1]. Quand les conditions de milieu s'y prêtent, cette plante peut cependant devenir invasive et poser des problèmes de toxicité pour la faune herbivore, y compris domestique, ou pour les enfants.

Dans les serres, Lantana camara est connu pour attirer les mouches blanches.

Notes et références

  • (en) Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé .
  1. a b c et d Jardins et décors : fleurs d'été, page 37
  2. a et b Bernard Suprin, Mille et une plantes en Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, Editions Photosynthèse, 2013, 382 p. (ISBN 9782952731638), p. 241
  3. « 100 of the World's Worst Invasive Alien Species », sur http://www.iucngisd.org, Global Invasive Species Database (consulté le 17 février 2019)
  4. a b et c Groupe espèces envahissantes, Plantes envahissantes pour les milieux naturels de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Nouméa, Agence pour la prévention et l'indemnisation des calamités agricoles ou naturelles (APICAN), janvier 2012, 222 p., page 130
  5. Aravind, NA, Dinesh Rao, KN Ganeshaiah, R Uma Shaanker & JG Poulsens (2010). "Impact of the invasive plant, Lantana camara, on bird assemblages at Malé Mahadeshwara Reserve Forest, South India" ; Tropical Ecology ; 51 (2S): 325–338
  6. "Lantana camara L.". Germplasm Resources Information Network. Département de l'Agriculture (USA). 2007-05-29. Consulté 2010-08-28.
  7. Hagne, Martin (2009-01-01). "Native Lantana Species of the LRGV" (PDF). The Sabal (Native Plant Project) 26 (1): 3.
  8. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2005). "Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: Lantana camanara" (PDF). Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Consulté le 19 septembre 2007.
  9. a et b Barceloux, Donald G. (2008). Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals. John Wiley and Sons. p. 867–868. (ISBN 9780471727613).
  10. Burns, Deborah (2001). Storey's Horse-Lover's Encyclopedia: an English & Western A-to-Z Guide. Storey Publishing. p. 302. (ISBN 9781580173179).
  11. a et b Floridata LC (2007). "Lantana camara". Floridata LC. Consulté 2007-09-19
  12. Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2005) ; "Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: List of Invasive Species". Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Consulté 2007-09-19
  13. Code de l'environnement de la Province Sud, Nouméa, 2019, 346 p. (lire en ligne), p. 147
  14. ISSG database: Lantana camara (Consulté 2009/04/30)
  15. Ørjan Totland, Philip Nyeko, Anne-Line Bjerknes, Stein Joar Hegland et Anders Nielsen ; Does forest gap size affects population size, plant size, reproductive success and pollinator visitation in Lantana camara, a tropical invasive shrub ? ; Forest Ecology and Management Volume 215, Issues 1-3, 25 août 2005, pages 329-338 doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2005.05.023 (Résumé)
  16. « Lantana camara L. - VERBENACEAE - Dicotylédone », sur http://idao.cirad.fr, 17 février 2019
  17. Khanna, L. S.; Prakash, R. (1983). Theory and Practice of silvicultural Systems. International Book Distributions. 400 pages.
  18. R. Sathisha, Bhushan Vyawaharea, and K. Natarajanb "Antiulcerogenic activity of Lantana camara leaves on gastric and duodenal ulcers in experimental rats" Journal of Ethnopharmacology, Volume 134, Issue 1, 8 mars 2011, pages 195-197 doi:10.1016/j.jep.2010.11.049 |
  19. Barreto F, Sousa E, Campos A, Costa J, Rodrigues F., "Antibacterial Activity of Lantana camara Linn and Lantana montevidensis Brig Extracts from Cariri-Ceará, Brazil. J Young Pharm. 2010 1;2(1):42-44

Annexes

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Lantana camara: Brief Summary ( French )

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Lantana camara, le Lantanier ou Camara commun, également appelé Galabert à La Réunion, est une espèce d'arbustes de la famille des Verbenaceae. Il est originaire des Antilles ou d'Amérique centrale, mais est de nos jours pantropical. Il fait partie des 100 pires espèces envahissantes selon l'UICN.

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Tembelekan ( Indonesian )

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Tahi ayam,[1] sailara atau tembelekan (Lantana camara) adalah jenis tumbuhan berbunga dari famili Verbenaceae yang berasal dari wilayah tropis di Amerika Tengah dan Selatan [2][3][4]. Tanaman ini tumbuh di daerah dengan ketinggian 1.700 m dpl dan memiliki banyak percabangan dengan tinggi antara 0,5-4 meter. Saliara dapat digunakan sebagai obat memar, keracunan makanan, serta untuk penghentian pendarahan pada penderita penyakit kanker rahim [5].

Galeri

Pranala luar

Catatan kaki

  1. ^ (Indonesia) Pusat Bahasa Departemen Pendidikan Republik Indonesia "Arti kata tahi ayam pada Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia dalam jaringan". Diakses tanggal 2019-10-16.
  2. ^ Efren and Luisa Gonzalez (2007). "Fill your garden with sunshine" (dalam bahasa English). The Western Sun Newspaper. Diakses tanggal September 19 2007. Parameter |dateformat= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan); Periksa nilai tanggal di: |accessdate= (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
  3. ^ Floridata LC (2007). "Lantana camara" (dalam bahasa English). Floridata LC. Diakses tanggal September 19 2007. Parameter |dateformat= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan); Periksa nilai tanggal di: |accessdate= (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
  4. ^ Moyhill Publishing (2007). "English vs. Latin Names" (dalam bahasa English). Moyhill Publishing. Diakses tanggal September 19 2007. Parameter |dateformat= yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (bantuan); Periksa nilai tanggal di: |accessdate= (bantuan)Pemeliharaan CS1: Bahasa yang tidak diketahui (link)
  5. ^ Saliara (Lantana camara)
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Tembelekan: Brief Summary ( Indonesian )

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Tahi ayam, sailara atau tembelekan (Lantana camara) adalah jenis tumbuhan berbunga dari famili Verbenaceae yang berasal dari wilayah tropis di Amerika Tengah dan Selatan . Tanaman ini tumbuh di daerah dengan ketinggian 1.700 m dpl dan memiliki banyak percabangan dengan tinggi antara 0,5-4 meter. Saliara dapat digunakan sebagai obat memar, keracunan makanan, serta untuk penghentian pendarahan pada penderita penyakit kanker rahim .

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Lantana camara ( Italian )

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Lantana camara è una specie di pianta nativa del Centro America e Sudamerica ed è stata introdotta nelle altre parti del mondo come pianta ornamentale; è considerata pianta invasiva in molte aree tropicali.

Utilizzi

I rami di L. camara sono talvolta utilizzati come materiale per costruire mobili in vimini e scope. Gli utilizzi più frequenti di questa pianta sono però storicamente officinali e ornamentali.

Essa presenta proprietà antimicrobiche, antifungine e insetticide ed è spesso utilizzata nella medicina tradizionale per curare una varietà di disturbi.

Questa specie ha avuto una diffusione mondiale grazie al suo utilizzo come pianta ornamentale. Ne sono state selezionate numerose varietà che differiscono per colore delle infiorescenze.

Specie invasiva

L. camara è specie aliena invasiva in molte zone del mondo nelle quali è giunta principalmente per il suo utilizzo come pianta ornamentale. È stata inserita nella lista di cento tra le specie esotiche invasive più dannose al mondo. Essa ha rapidamente invaso vaste aree in India, Australia e l'arcipelago delle Hawaii. Colonizza nuove aree quando i suoi semi sono sparsi dagli uccelli. I tentativi di eradicazione finora tentati sono purtroppo falliti. È resistente agli incendi ed è una delle prime piante a ricomparire nelle zone bruciate. È diventata un ostacolo serio alla rigenerazione naturale di specie importanti nel Sud-est asiatico.

Sono segnalati anche effetti positivi dovuti alla sua presenza nelle aree invase. In Australia, la L. camara offre rifugio per numerosi marsupiali e l'habitat per le api native appartenenti al genere Exoneura, le quali nidificano nel suo fusto cavo.

Lantana camara è diventata caratteristica in molte parti dell'Africa. Negli altopiani del Kenya e nei monti di Capo Verde ad esempio cresce in molte zone indipendentemente dalla quantità di acqua piovana ricevuta. Si può trovare lungo i sentieri, in zone desertiche come nelle vicinanze di fattorie.

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Lantana camara: Brief Summary ( Italian )

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Lantana camara è una specie di pianta nativa del Centro America e Sudamerica ed è stata introdotta nelle altre parti del mondo come pianta ornamentale; è considerata pianta invasiva in molte aree tropicali.

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Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam ( Malay )

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Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam atau juga dikenali sebagai Bunga pagar mempunyai nama saintifik Lantana Camara . Ia merupakan spesies tumbuhan berbunga dalam keluarga verbena, Verbenaceae, yang berasal pada Amerika tropik.[2][3][4] Ia telah disebarkan kebahagian lain dunia sebagai tumbuhan hiasan dan dianggap spesies invasif dikebanyakan kawasan tropik dan separa-tropik.[5]


Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam (Lantana Camara) merupakan sejenis pokok berbunga yang mempunyai bentuk yang cantik tetapi berbau kurang menyenangkan.

Ia merupakan sejenis pokok renek berbulu dan digunakan dalam perubatan Melayu.

Terdapat sekitar 100 jenis lantana. Ketinggiannya boleh mencapai 3-5 kaki. Kelebaran tumbuhan ini boleh mencapai ke 8 kaki. Batangnya berduri dan daunnya pula berbau yang kurang menyenangkan . Bunga tumbuhan ini berbentuk payung dan mempunyai pelbagai warna dari kuning, merah jambu, ungu dan kuning kemerahan.

Warna bunga ini juga berubah megikut peringkat iaitu dari warna putih ke warna kuning, warna jingga ke warna merah dan warna pink ke warna ros kemerahan. Perubahan warna ini berubah mengikut kepada iklim. Kebiasaannya tumbuhan renek ini hanya didapati di negara-negara beriklim lembap sahaja. Buahnya pula berbentuk tangkai, berwarna hijau, merah dan biru kehitaman. Pokok Lantana ini lazimnya sangat jarang dirosakkan serangga ataupun haiwan, ini kerana pokoknya yang beracun.

Habitat dan taburannya

Julat asal bunga tahi ayam termasuk Mexico, Amerika Tengah, Greater Antilles, Bahama, Colombia, dan Venezuela.[1] Ia dipercayai sebagai tempatan di bahagian bawah Lembah Rio Grande, Texas di Amerika Syarikat.[6] Ia telah menjadi biasa di kawasan tropika dan panas seluruh dunia.[7] Di tanah tinggi Kenya ia tumbuh di kebanyakan kawasan yang menerima hujan minima. Ia boleh dilihat liar dan sepanjang laluan pejalan kaki, padang terbiar, dan ladang.[8] West Indian Lantana menjadi biasa di Amerika Syarikat, terutama di lapangan persisiran Atlantik, dari Florida ke Georgia, di mana cuaca menyamai cuaca asal, dengan suhu dan kelembapan tinggi.[3]

Keracunan

West Indian Lantana dilaporkan menyebabkan haiwan jatuh sakit selepas memakannya.[7] Kandungan pentacyclic triterpenoids pada daunnya menyebabkan hepatotoksik dan fotosensitif pada haiwan ragut seperti biri-biri, kambing, dan lembu,[9] and kuda.[10] Haiwan ternakan meragut tumbuhan ini menyebabkan kerugian besar di Amerika Syarikat, Afrika Selatan, India, Mexico, dan Australia.[9] Buah berinya boleh dimakan apabila masak[11] sungguhpun sebagaimana buah-buah lain beracun serdahana pada manusia dan haiwan ketika masih hijau.

Kesan ekologi

 src=
Bunga pokok Tahi Ayam dengan labah-labah ketam putih (Misumenoides formosipes, kanan bawah) menantikan mangsa.

Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam merupakan spesies invasif dan melitupi sebahagian besar India, Australia dan kebanyakan Afrika.[12] Ia bertapak di kawasan baru apabila biji benihnya disebarkan oleh burung. Sebaik sahaja ia sampai di kawasan baru, Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam tersebar dengan pantas. It coppices so well, that efforts to eradicate it have completely failed. It is resistant to fire, and quickly grows in and colonizes burnt areas.[13] It has become a serious obstacle to the natural regeneration of important native species including the Shala Tree (Shorea robusta) in Southeast Asia, as well as plants in 22 other countries. In greenhouses, L. camara is notorious for attracting whitefly.[7][14] In India they bear fruit all year round and this appears to have an impact on bird communities.[15]

While considered a pest in Australia, it shelters several native marsupial species from predators, and offers a habitat for the vulnerable Exoneura native bee, which nests in the hollow stems of the plant.

L. camara has been listed as a Category One "Invasive Toxic Species" in Florida by the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council, and has become a problem in Texas and Hawaii.[3][14]

Kegunaan

Sesetengah masyarakat menjumpai kegunaan lain bagi bunga Tahi Ayam, kerana ia sukar dihapuskan. Sesetengah perabut rumah, seperti meja dan kerusi dihasilkan dari batangnya, atau dahan kecil diikat bagi menghasilkan penyapu.[8]

Hiasan

Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam telah menjadi tumbuhan laman yang popular kerana ketahanannya. Ia tidak terjejas oleh serangga perosak dan penyakit, tidak memerlukan banyak air, dan tahan suhu melampau. Ia merupakan spesies kegemaran rama-rama, dan digunakan di taman rama-rama di Amerika Syarikat.[3] Spesies liar mungkin memiliki duri cangkuk pendek. Kultivar Lantana digemari sebagai tumbuhan hiasan cenderung memiliki batang berherba ("herbaceous") kecil.

Rujukan

  1. ^ a b "Lantana camara L". Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture. 2007-05-29. Dicapai 2010-08-28.
  2. ^ Efren and Luisa Gonzalez (2007). "Fill your garden with sunshine". The Western Sun Newspaper. Dicapai September 19, 2007.[pautan putus]
  3. ^ a b c d Floridata LC (2007). "Lantana camara". Floridata LC. Dicapai September 19, 2007.
  4. ^ Moyhill Publishing (2007). "English vs. Latin Names". Moyhill Publishing. Dicapai September 19, 2007.
  5. ^ New South Wales National Parks and Wildlife Service (2007). "Lantana - fact sheet". Department of Environment and Climate Change - NSW. Dicapai September 19, 2007.
  6. ^ Hagne, Martin (2009-01-01). "Native Lantana Species of the LRGV" (PDF). The Sabal. Native Plant Project. 26 (1): 3.
  7. ^ a b c Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2005). "Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: Lantana camanara" (PDF). Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Dicapai September 19, 2007.
  8. ^ a b Khanna, L. S. (1983). Theory and Practice of silvicultural Systems. International Book Distributions. m/s. 400 pages. Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  9. ^ a b Barceloux, Donald G. (2008). Medical Toxicology of Natural Substances: Foods, Fungi, Medicinal Herbs, Plants, and Venomous Animals. John Wiley and Sons. m/s. 867–868. ISBN 9780471727613.
  10. ^ Burns, Deborah (2001). Storey's Horse-Lover's Encyclopedia: an English & Western A-to-Z Guide. Storey Publishing. m/s. 302. ISBN 9781580173179.
  11. ^ Herzog et al. (1996), Coppens d'Eeckenbrugge & Libreros Ferla (2000), TAMREC (2000)
  12. ^ ISSG database: Lantana camara (accessed 30 April 2009)
  13. ^ Hiremath, Ankila (2005). The Fire-Lantana Cycle Hypothesis in Indian Forests. Conservation and Society. Parameter |coauthors= tidak diketahui diabaikan (guna |author=) (bantuan)
  14. ^ a b Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council (2005). "Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council: List of Invasive Species". Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council. Dicapai September 19, 2007.
  15. ^ Aravind, NA, Dinesh Rao, KN Ganeshaiah, R Uma Shaanker & JG Poulsens (2010). "Impact of the invasive plant, Lantana camara, on bird assemblages at Malé Mahadeshwara Reserve Forest, South India" (PDF). Tropical Ecology. 51 (2S): 325–338.Selenggaraan CS1: Menggunakan parameter authors (link)

Pautan luar

Wikispesies mempunyai maklumat berkaitan dengan Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam Wikimedia Commons mempunyai media berkaitan Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam
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Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam: Brief Summary ( Malay )

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Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam atau juga dikenali sebagai Bunga pagar mempunyai nama saintifik Lantana Camara . Ia merupakan spesies tumbuhan berbunga dalam keluarga verbena, Verbenaceae, yang berasal pada Amerika tropik. Ia telah disebarkan kebahagian lain dunia sebagai tumbuhan hiasan dan dianggap spesies invasif dikebanyakan kawasan tropik dan separa-tropik.


Pokok Bunga Tahi Ayam (Lantana Camara) merupakan sejenis pokok berbunga yang mempunyai bentuk yang cantik tetapi berbau kurang menyenangkan.

Ia merupakan sejenis pokok renek berbulu dan digunakan dalam perubatan Melayu.

Terdapat sekitar 100 jenis lantana. Ketinggiannya boleh mencapai 3-5 kaki. Kelebaran tumbuhan ini boleh mencapai ke 8 kaki. Batangnya berduri dan daunnya pula berbau yang kurang menyenangkan . Bunga tumbuhan ini berbentuk payung dan mempunyai pelbagai warna dari kuning, merah jambu, ungu dan kuning kemerahan.

Warna bunga ini juga berubah megikut peringkat iaitu dari warna putih ke warna kuning, warna jingga ke warna merah dan warna pink ke warna ros kemerahan. Perubahan warna ini berubah mengikut kepada iklim. Kebiasaannya tumbuhan renek ini hanya didapati di negara-negara beriklim lembap sahaja. Buahnya pula berbentuk tangkai, berwarna hijau, merah dan biru kehitaman. Pokok Lantana ini lazimnya sangat jarang dirosakkan serangga ataupun haiwan, ini kerana pokoknya yang beracun.

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Wisselbloem ( Dutch; Flemish )

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De wisselbloem (Lantana camara) is een plant uit de ijzerhardfamilie (Verbenaceae). Het is een weinig verhoutte, tot 3 m hoge halfheester die op sommige plekken met kromme stekels is bezet. De twijgen zijn vierkantig. De tegenoverstaande, iets gerimpelde bladeren zijn eirond, gezaagd, ruwharig en 4-10 cm lang. Bij kneuzing ruiken de bladeren onaangenaam.

De bloemen groeien in 3-5 cm brede, meerkleurige bloemhoofdjes. De buitenste bloemen zijn roze, oranje of rood. Ze hebben een tot 2 cm lange kroonbuis en een 0,8-1 cm brede zoom van vijf ongelijke kroonslippen. De middelste bloemen zijn meestal geel, kleiner en regelmatiger van vorm. De vruchten zijn bolvormige, zwarte, 5-7 mm grote steenvruchten

De wisselbloem trekt veel vlinders aan, maar is voor andere dieren te giftig. De plant is op veel plaatsen als sierplant ingevoerd. De plant vormt na verwildering een agressief onkruid, die alleen met de natuurlijke plaaginsecten is te bestrijden.

De wisselbloem komt van nature voor van Zuid-Amerika tot Texas. De soort komt wereldwijd in de (sub)tropen voor.

In België en Nederland kan de wisselbloem als kuipplant 's zomers buiten worden gehouden. 's Winters kan de wisselbloem het beste in een koel vertrek in huis, in de oranjerie of in de koude kas worden gehouden.

 src=
Vruchten
 src=
Wisselbloem met zebravlinder
Wikimedia Commons Mediabestanden die bij dit onderwerp horen, zijn te vinden op de pagina Lantana camara op Wikimedia Commons.
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Lantana pospolita ( Polish )

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 src=
Kwiaty zmieniają barwę podczas kwitnienia

Lantana pospolita (Lantana camara L.) – gatunek rośliny z rodziny werbenowatych (Verbenaceae). Pochodzi z Ameryki Południowej (Wenezuela, Kolumbia), Karaibów, Ameryki Środkowej i Meksyku. Zawleczony został we wszystkich rejonach tropikalnych i subtropikalnych[3].

Morfologia i biologia

Pokrój
Wiecznie zielony półkrzew osiągający 3 m wysokości[4]
Łodyga
Czterokanciasta, z nielicznymi zagiętymi cierniami, słabo drewniejąca.
Liście
Ulistnienie naprzeciwległe, liście jajowate, nieco pomarszczone, o długości do 10 cm. Mają pomarszczona blaszkę liściową, brzegi piłkowane i szorstko owłosione. Roztarte nieprzyjemnie pachną[4].
Kwiaty
Wyrastają w główkowatych kwiatostanach na szczycie łodygi, Są różniej wielkości: zewnętrzne kwiaty mają 8-10 mm średnicy i nierówne płatki korony, wewnętrzne są mniejsze i bardziej regularne. Kwitnie od wiosny do jesieni, najwcześniej zaczynają kwitnąć kwiaty zewnętrzne, na koniec środkowe. Charakterystyczną cechą jest, że podczas kwitnięcia kwiaty zmieniają swoją barwę z żółtej, przez pomarańczową, na czerwoną[4].
Owoce
Czarne pestkowce o kulistym kształcie i średnicy 5-7 mm. W środku mają 1-2 nasiona, które roznoszone są przez ptaki (ornitochoria)[4].
Roślina trująca
Trujące są wszystkie części rośliny[4].

Znaczenie

  • Roślina ozdobna. Pospolicie uprawiana w krajach o ciepłym klimacie, przy czym obecnie oferuje się w sprzedaży odmiany mniej inwazyjne[5]. Wprowadzana jest do uprawy również w Polsce, uprawiana w pojemnikach dobrze nadaje się na balkony, tarasy, werandy, jednakże u nas nie jest w stanie przetrwać zimy i musi być zimą przetrzymywana w pomieszczeniach. Jesienią przed przeniesieniem należy ją przyciąć[4].
  • Ma własności allelopatyczne, hamuje wzrost innych roślin w swoim otoczeniu[6].
  • Sprowadzana jako roślina ozdobna, okazała się uciążliwym chwastem (może rosnąć w szerokim zakresie warunków klimatycznych i siedliskowych, obficie rozmnaża się generatywnie i wegetatywnie, łatwo regeneruje po uszkodzeniach, ma właściwości allelopatyczne, przez co skutecznie konkuruje z rodzimymi gatunkami i jako roślina trująca – nie jest zjadana przez zwierzęta). W Indiach znana jako Curse of India (ang. przekleństwo Indii)[5].
  • W medycynie ludowej wywar z liści jest używany przy obrzękach i bólach ciała. Kora jest cierpka i używana jako balsam przy leczeniu wrzodów w trądzie. W badaniach na zwierzętach doświadczalnych stwierdzono, że uzyskane z liści alkaloidy powodują obniżenie ciśnienia krwi, przyspieszenie oddychania i stymulują ruchy jelit[6].

Przypisy

  1. Stevens P.F.: Angiosperm Phylogeny Website (ang.). 2001–. [dostęp 2010-03-24].
  2. The Plant List. [dostęp 2014-11-20].
  3. Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN). [dostęp 2011-01-17].
  4. a b c d e f Miejski Ogród Botaniczny w Zabrzu. Lantana camara – lantana pospolita. [dostęp 2014-12-07].
  5. a b Rohwer J. G. 2002. Atlas roślin tropikalnych. Bertelsmann Media Sp z o.o. Warszawa. ​ISBN 83-7311-378-9
  6. a b National Tropical Botanical Garden. Lantana camara. [dostęp 2014-12-07].
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Lantana pospolita: Brief Summary ( Polish )

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 src= Kwiaty zmieniają barwę podczas kwitnienia

Lantana pospolita (Lantana camara L.) – gatunek rośliny z rodziny werbenowatych (Verbenaceae). Pochodzi z Ameryki Południowej (Wenezuela, Kolumbia), Karaibów, Ameryki Środkowej i Meksyku. Zawleczony został we wszystkich rejonach tropikalnych i subtropikalnych.

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Lantana camara ( Portuguese )

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 src=
Flores de Lantana camara

A Lantana camara, conhecida popularmente como camará, cambará, camará-de-cheiro, camará-de-espinho, cambará-de-cheiro, cambará-de-chumbo, cambará-de-espinho, cambará-miúdo, cambará-verdadeiro e cambará-vermelho, é um arbusto ornamental da família das verbenáceas.[1] Cobre grandes áreas nas Américas Central e do Sul, seu habitat natural.

Etimologia

"Camará" e "cambará" procedem do termo tupi caa ("planta") mbaraá ("enfermidade") e reflete seu valor medicinal.[2]

Descrição

A planta apresenta folhas grossas, pilosas e aromáticas. As flores são pequenas, numerosas, tubulosas, vermelhas ou violáceas.[1] A Lantana camara é reconhecidamente tóxica, e a ingestão de quantidades aproximadas de 40g/kg de peso animal, em dose única, pode levar ao óbito de bovinos, por exemplo.[3]

Espécie invasora

Como espécie invasora, tem colonizado novas áreas através de dispersão de sementes por pássaros — uma vez alcance uma área, rapidamente se espalha. Ela se desenvolve tão rápido que os esforços para sua erradicação têm falhado completamente.

A planta transformou-se num sério obstáculo para a regeneração natural das espécies nativas nas regiões onde não é encontrada naturalmente.[4]

Referências

  1. a b FERREIRA, A.B.H. (1986). Novo dicionário da língua portuguesa, 2ª edição. [S.l.]: Nova Fronteira. 324 páginas
  2. Adm. do IHGRS (1941). Revista do Instituto Histórico e Geográphico do Rio Grande do Sul, volume 21,Parte 3. [S.l.]: Edit. própria
  3. F. J. Abreu Matos; et al. (2011). Plantas Tóxicas: Estudos de Fitotoxicologia Química de Plantas Brasileiras. [S.l.]: Instituto Plantarum de Estudos da Flora. pp. 175–176. ISBN 85-86714-37-5 Verifique |isbn= (ajuda)
  4. Khanna, L.S. (1977). Principles and Practice of Silviculture. [S.l.]: Ed. própria. 473 páginas
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Lantana camara: Brief Summary ( Portuguese )

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 src= Flores de Lantana camara

A Lantana camara, conhecida popularmente como camará, cambará, camará-de-cheiro, camará-de-espinho, cambará-de-cheiro, cambará-de-chumbo, cambará-de-espinho, cambará-miúdo, cambará-verdadeiro e cambará-vermelho, é um arbusto ornamental da família das verbenáceas. Cobre grandes áreas nas Américas Central e do Sul, seu habitat natural.

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Eldkrona ( Swedish )

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Eldkrona (Lantana camara) är en art i eldkronesläktet som tillhör familjen verbenaväxter. Växten förekommer huvudsakligen i tropiska och subtropiska regioner. Den är en omtyckt prydnadsväxt - där den är under kontroll.

Eldkronan är en buske med lite nedhängande grenar. De ovala löven är 1 till 2 cm långa och har en ganska grov ovansida. Dessutom finns hårliknande utskott.

Blommornas diameter är 3 mm. De sitter i runda blomsamlingar med en diameter mellan 1,5 och 3 cm. De är i början gula eller orange och blir senare rödaktiga eller violetta. Eldkronan har stenfrukter med några få frön. Frukten är giftig och har ett mörkblå till svart utseende.

Det är inte bara frukterna som är giftiga utan hela växten.

Artens ursprungliga utbredningsområde ligger i Centralamerika och södra Nordamerika. Arten har införts på många ställen över hela världen. Den har därefter spritt sig och ibland blivit till ett giftigt ogräs i fuktigare delar av tropikerna (Indiens förbannelse).

Referenser

Den här artikeln är helt eller delvis baserad på material från tyskspråkiga Wikipedia, 9 oktober 2009.
  • Gordon Cheers (Hrsg.): Botanica. Random House Australia 2003. tysk utgåva: Tandem Verlag GmbH 2003, ISBN 3-8331-1600-5.
  • Urania Pflanzenreich. Band 4: Blütenpflanzen 2, 1. Ausgabe. Urania-Verlag, Leipzig 1994, ISBN 3-332-00497-2.

Externa länkar

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Eldkrona: Brief Summary ( Swedish )

provided by wikipedia SV

Eldkrona (Lantana camara) är en art i eldkronesläktet som tillhör familjen verbenaväxter. Växten förekommer huvudsakligen i tropiska och subtropiska regioner. Den är en omtyckt prydnadsväxt - där den är under kontroll.

Eldkronan är en buske med lite nedhängande grenar. De ovala löven är 1 till 2 cm långa och har en ganska grov ovansida. Dessutom finns hårliknande utskott.

Blommornas diameter är 3 mm. De sitter i runda blomsamlingar med en diameter mellan 1,5 och 3 cm. De är i början gula eller orange och blir senare rödaktiga eller violetta. Eldkronan har stenfrukter med några få frön. Frukten är giftig och har ett mörkblå till svart utseende.

Det är inte bara frukterna som är giftiga utan hela växten.

Artens ursprungliga utbredningsområde ligger i Centralamerika och södra Nordamerika. Arten har införts på många ställen över hela världen. Den har därefter spritt sig och ibland blivit till ett giftigt ogräs i fuktigare delar av tropikerna (Indiens förbannelse).

 src=

Två blommor

 src=

Frukter

 src=

En buske

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Bông ổi ( Vietnamese )

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Xem thêm các loài cây khác cũng có tên cây cứt lợn tại cây cứt lợn (định hướng)

Bông ổi hay còn gọi trâm ổi, thơm ổi, ổi tàu,[3] hoa ngũ sắc, trâm hôi, tứ thời, tứ quý (danh pháp hai phần: Lantana camara) là một loài thực vật thuộc họ Cỏ roi ngựa (Verbenaceae).

Phân bố

Cây có nguồn gốc từ các nước Trung Mỹ, sau phổ biến khắp vùng nhiệt đới. Tại Việt Nam cây được trồng làm cảnh hoặc mọc dại.

Đặc điểm

Bông ổi là loài cây nhỏ, nhiều cành ngang, có lông và gai ngắn quặp về phía dưới. Lá hình bầu dục, nhọn, mặt lá xù xì, mép lá có răng cưa; mặt trên có lông ngắn cứng, mặt dưới lông mềm hơn; phiến lá dài 3–9 cm, rộng 3–6 cm; cuống lá ngắn, phía trên cuống có dìa. Hoa không cuống, nhiều giống màu trắng, vàng, vàng cam, tím hay đỏ mọc thành bông dạng hình cầu; hoa có lá bắc hình mũi giáo. Đài hình chuông, có hai môi. Tràng hình ống có bốn thùy không đều. Quả hình cầu, màu đỏ nằm trong lá đài, chứa hai hạch cứng, xù xì.

Phát triển

 src=
Trâm ổi

Cây bông ổi phát tán bằng hạt giống nhờ các loại chim mang đi và một khi đến một khu vực nào đó, chúng dễ mọc và phát triển rất nhanh chóng. Trâm ổi có thể sinh sôi đến mức mà người ta khó diệt được hoàn toàn. Tại Nouvelle Calédonie, cây mọc hoang đến mức chính phủ ra lệnh diệt hết loài cây này dù chỉ giữ một gốc làm cảnh cũng không được phép. Loài này gây cản trở nghiêm trọng đối với tái sinh tự nhiên của mốt số loài khác như cây chai (sal).[4]

Thành phần hóa học

Năm 1943, Low(?) đã chiết từ cây này một chất gọi là lantanin.

Công dụng dược lý

Star of life2.svg
Wikipedia tiếng Việt không bảo đảm tính pháp lý cho các thông tin có liên quan đến y học và sức khỏe.
Đề nghị liên hệ và nhận tư vấn từ các bác sĩ hay các chuyên gia.

Một số nơi người ta cho rằng lá bông ổi có tính sát trùng, cầm máu nên dùng lá cây bông ổi giã nát đắp lên vết thương, vết loét, thậm chí chỗ bị rắn cắn. Lá bông ổi có thể cho vào nồi nước xông chữa cảm, sốt.

Lưu ý

Cây này không có tác dụng chữa viêm xoang như cây cứt lợn Ageratum conyzoides nên cần chú ý tránh dùng nhầm.

Hình ảnh

Tham khảo

  • Đỗ Tất Lợi, "Những cây thuốc và vị thuốc Việt Nam", Nhà xuất bản Y học, 2006.

Chú thích

  1. ^ [ Lantana camara.]|url=http://www.ars-grin.gov/~sbmljw/cgi-bin/taxon.pl?310628 Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  2. ^ “Global Invasive Species Database”. issg.org.uk. Truy cập ngày 22 tháng 3 năm 2014.
  3. ^ Võ Phiến. Tùy bút. Westminster, CA: Văn Nghệ, 1987. tr 357
  4. ^ Khanna, L.S., (1977), Principles and Practice of Silviculture.

Liên kết ngoài

 src= Wikimedia Commons có thư viện hình ảnh và phương tiện truyền tải về Bông ổi  src= Wikispecies có thông tin sinh học về Bông ổi
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Bông ổi: Brief Summary ( Vietnamese )

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Bông ổi hay còn gọi trâm ổi, thơm ổi, ổi tàu, hoa ngũ sắc, trâm hôi, tứ thời, tứ quý (danh pháp hai phần: Lantana camara) là một loài thực vật thuộc họ Cỏ roi ngựa (Verbenaceae).

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Лантана сводчатая ( Russian )

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Царство: Растения
Подцарство: Зелёные растения
Отдел: Цветковые
Надпорядок: Asteranae
Семейство: Вербеновые
Триба: Lantaneae
Род: Лантана
Вид: Лантана сводчатая
Международное научное название

Lantana camara L.

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ITIS 32175NCBI 126435EOL 579775GRIN t:310628IPNI 325686-2TPL kew-107934

Зонтфонарь, (научное: Лантана сводчатая)[2] (лат. Lantana camara) — захватничекое растение семейства Вербеновые, один из 150 видов порода Лантана, издающие разноцветные зонтичные грозды соцветочек и пучки маленькие шарообразные косточковые чёрные ягод. Этому растению считают Американское туземное уроженец и только после его введение в Европе, Немецкими исследователи, как орнаментальное растение, этот вид распространял в более 50 странах мира: из за её вводимостей в чужих средах и захватнические свойствах. Растение распространено в Колумбии, Венесуэле, Центральной Америке, Мексике, на Больших Антильских, Багамских островах и нагорных и плоскогорынх регионах на Индийском субконтиненте. Оно также интродуцировано во многие другие тропические и субтропические регионы планеты. В некоторых местах стало сорняком.


В литературе на русском языке встречаются и другие названия этого вида: лантана камара[3], лантана шиповатая.

Биологическое описание

Вечнозелёный кустарник высотой 1—1,5 м с прямостоячими ветвистыми стеблями. Листья жёсткие серо-зелёные, длиной до 5 см, содержат эфирные масла. Они имеют супротивное расположение, яйцевидную форму, заострение на концах, пильчатые края и мелкое опушение вдоль жилок[4].

Цветки мелкие многочисленные, собраны в щитковые соцветия на длинном цветоносе. Они могут быть белого, жёлтого, красного, розового, оранжевого, фиолетового и других цветов. Их окраска меняется в зависимости от степени созревания[5].

Этимология

Зонтфонарь (зонтичная + фонарь).

Зонтичная: Синоним Русского слово "сводчатая," которое является переводом один из нюансов Латинского слово "Камара," Слово "Камара (Camara)" был заимствовано в Латинском из его Греческое однозначное омофоне, которое источает исконно из Индейское корни, т.е. Хинди слове "Камара (कमरा) означающее: камора или комната."

Фонарь: Перевод первобытные значение Латинского слово "Лантана (Lantana). Слово Лантана (Lantana) вероятно возникло либо из ошибочной сленговой произношение Итальянского слово Лантерна (Lante'rna) либо производилось после заимствование сего в Латинском лексике как однозначное омофон из Итальянский.

  • Цветки лантаны сводчатой
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  • Yellow Lantana Camara 1.JPG
  • Multi-colored Wild Lantana Camara 5.JPG
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  • Лантана золотая.JPG
  • Лантана малиновая.JPG
  • Лантана красная.JPG

Примечания

  1. Об условности указания класса двудольных в качестве вышестоящего таксона для описываемой в данной статье группы растений см. раздел «Системы APG» статьи «Двудольные».
  2. Русское название таксона — согласно следующему изданию:
    Шрётер А. И., Панасюк В. А. Словарь названий растений = Dictionary of Plant Names / Межд. союз биол. наук, Нац. к-т биологов России, Всерос. ин-т лек. и ароматич. растений Рос. сельскохоз. академии; Под ред. проф. В. А. Быкова. — Koenigstein: Koeltz Scientific Books, 1999. — С. 409. — 1033 с. — ISBN 3-87429-398-X.
  3. Семейство вербеновые (Verbenaceae) // Жизнь растений. В 6-ти томах / под ред. А. Л. Тахтаджяна и чл.-корреспондента АН СССР, проф. Ал. А. Фёдорова. — М.: Просвещение, 1974.
  4. Комнатные растения и цветы :: Лантана
  5. Лантана
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Лантана сводчатая: Brief Summary ( Russian )

provided by wikipedia русскую Википедию

Зонтфонарь, (научное: Лантана сводчатая) (лат. Lantana camara) — захватничекое растение семейства Вербеновые, один из 150 видов порода Лантана, издающие разноцветные зонтичные грозды соцветочек и пучки маленькие шарообразные косточковые чёрные ягод. Этому растению считают Американское туземное уроженец и только после его введение в Европе, Немецкими исследователи, как орнаментальное растение, этот вид распространял в более 50 странах мира: из за её вводимостей в чужих средах и захватнические свойствах. Растение распространено в Колумбии, Венесуэле, Центральной Америке, Мексике, на Больших Антильских, Багамских островах и нагорных и плоскогорынх регионах на Индийском субконтиненте. Оно также интродуцировано во многие другие тропические и субтропические регионы планеты. В некоторых местах стало сорняком.


В литературе на русском языке встречаются и другие названия этого вида: лантана камара, лантана шиповатая.

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馬纓丹 ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

馬纓丹学名Lantana camara[3])同馬櫻丹,別稱五色梅七色梅五龍蘭如意草五彩花臭草臭金鳳五雷丹五色繡球變色草等,客家人稱之為綿鼻公花,。原本主要分布於南美洲西印度馬纓丹屬Lantana)常綠灌木。一般花期大約是在4月中、下旬到隔年的2月中旬左右,不過也因氣候溫度的影響,幾乎整年都能看到開花,可說是常盛的植物[4]。一叢花序之中常會有多色的變化,所以別名也稱為五色梅五彩花;同時枝葉含有特別的刺激氣味,所以馬纓丹也有臭草臭金鳳等別名。[5]在台灣大約於1645 年由荷蘭人引入,因繁殖力強,目前為台灣平地野外普遍可見的外來種。

形态

馬纓丹屬於蔓狀的常綠灌木,整株都有著短短的粗短的軟毛,小莖呈稜角狀,稱為小枝方形,在稜角上有小倒鉤。葉對生,葉片擴卵狀先端尖銳,葉面較粗糙葉緣呈鈍鋸齒狀,網狀葉脈明顯[4]。花期很長,甚至在台灣屏東縣恆春半島整年都能看見馬纓丹開花[3]。主花梗較長,花蜜豐富,開花型態為頭狀花序或繖房花序,看起來有點像小型的繡球花花萼的下方有線狀披針形的苞片,花色大多為橙色紅色黃色白色紫色以及粉紅等,另外也有混色的花朵,依照種植環境不同以及陽光照射程度因素,有些花初開花時呈黃色,成花後會變化為橙色,或橙色變紅色,白色變粉紅等[4],甚至還有些花的花序外圍與中央花序的顏色不同,所以也有人稱之為變色草五色繡球[6]

花落之後會結綠色的果實,成熟後的果實呈紫色果實都含有毒性。由於花很容易開,所以結成果實的量也相當多,傳播性很強。一旦有適合的環境就很容易成長,枝條橫生呈塊狀擴展,馬纓丹的周圍常常都沒有其他植物,排他性非常強烈。也由於莖上長有倒刺,一般動物也難以直接踐踏走過,所以年年擴充地盤成長也很快速,是種相當強勢的侵略性植物。[7]由於極其粗生,無論雨水充足,抑或乾旱地區,都見其影踪,甚至趕絕原生草木,被列為世界百大外来入侵种

  • Twin lantana camara edit.jpg
  •  src=

    马缨丹的花叶

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    綠圓果,未成熟

  • Lantana Camara FR 2012.jpg
  • ผกากรอง Lantana camara L (1).jpg
  • ผกากรอง Lantana camara L (2).jpg
  • ผกากรอง Lantana camara L (3).jpg
  • ผกากรอง Lantana camara L (4).jpg
  • ผกากรอง Lantana camara L (7).jpg

药用与毒性

Star of life caution.svg 维基百科中的醫療相关内容仅供参考,詳見醫學聲明。如需专业意见请咨询专业人士。

馬纓丹屬於有毒植物中医学认为其“味苦性寒”[8]果實中含有破壞代謝的毒性,這類毒性對哺乳類動物有相當大的影響,一般鳥類食其果實並不會有問題,但是如果誤食了馬纓丹有毒部份,將會造成慢性中毒[8]。一般人類誤食中毒的事件並不常見,但是在香港曾經於1961年-1962年間發生過有兒童誤食而中毒致死的個案[9]

家畜誤食後會產生慢性中毒現象,主要的症狀會變成相當衰弱,而且會產生劇烈腹瀉之後便秘糞便中含有分解後的血液,所以顏色很深且有惡臭。其它還會有步伐不穩,的分泌液增加,發燒發熱,並且會對光產生過敏膽囊麻痺,膽汁分泌會遭到損傷,會使小管壞死出現黃疸病徵,甚至最後導致肝腎衰竭致死。主要引起中毒的成分為馬纓丹烯A(Lantadene A),綿羊或小只需要使用2克,即可導致嚴重黃疸及對光敏感。雖然如此,馬纓丹葉含有的馬纓丹烯A有解熱的作用,搗爛後取其汁液敷於患部亦有消腫與解熱的功效。所含有的生物鹼會降低隻的血壓,加速呼吸引起戰慄現象,所以也有人認為這種生物鹼可以治療哮喘高血壓和發熱等病疾。[8]即使只是揮掃葉子,也可以引起過敏反應。 2012年9月12日,台灣新北市土城清水國小3年級,因為某學生好奇摘採其葉子揮灑同學,發生集體過敏事件[10]

成份

莖葉與果實含馬纓丹烯A(Lantadene A)、馬纓丹烯B(Lantadene B)、馬纓丹烯(Lantadene)、類馬纓丹酸(Lantanolic acid)、馬纓丹異酸(Lnatic acid)、鞣質、樹脂、還原糖以及生物鹼。此外,還含有葎草烯(Humulene)、β-石竹烯(β-Caryophyllene)、γ-松油烯(γ-Terpinene)、α-蒎烯(α-Pinene)和對一聚傘花素(ρCymene)等揮發油。[8]

參考資料

  1. ^ [ Lantana camara.]|url=存档副本. [2014-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2015-09-24). Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN).
  2. ^ Global Invasive Species Database. issg.org.uk. [2014-03-22].
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 參考:(繁体中文)永和國小植物介紹網頁 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2007-10-01.
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 參考:(繁体中文)《公共植物大台北都會篇》,黃永傳、陳成基、沈志誠、張育森共著,ISBN 9579739242
  5. ^ 參考:(繁体中文)東吳大學黃顯洲研究報告 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2007-03-18.
  6. ^ 參考:(繁体中文)馬纓丹的介紹與圖集 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2003-10-23.
  7. ^ 參考:嘉義高中馬纓丹的說明[永久失效連結]
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 8.3 參考:(繁体中文)馬纓丹毒性的詳細解說[永久失效連結]
  9. ^ 參考:(中文)《香港有毒植物》,何孟恆著,香港市政局印製1988年發行。
  10. ^ 小三生課後玩馬纓丹 13人過敏氣喘送醫
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馬纓丹: Brief Summary ( Chinese )

provided by wikipedia 中文维基百科

馬纓丹(学名:Lantana camara)同馬櫻丹,別稱五色梅、七色梅、五龍蘭、如意草、五彩花、臭草、臭金鳳、五雷丹、五色繡球、變色草等,客家人稱之為綿鼻公花,。原本主要分布於南美洲西印度馬纓丹屬(Lantana)常綠灌木。一般花期大約是在4月中、下旬到隔年的2月中旬左右,不過也因氣候溫度的影響,幾乎整年都能看到開花,可說是常盛的植物。一叢花序之中常會有多色的變化,所以別名也稱為五色梅、五彩花;同時枝葉含有特別的刺激氣味,所以馬纓丹也有臭草、臭金鳳等別名。在台灣大約於1645 年由荷蘭人引入,因繁殖力強,目前為台灣平地野外普遍可見的外來種。

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ランタナ ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語
曖昧さ回避 この項目では、植物について説明しています。OLDCODEXのシングルについては「Lantana」をご覧ください。
ランタナ LantanaFlowerLeaves-3.jpg 分類 : 植物界 Plantae : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida : シソ目 Lamiales : クマツヅラ科 Verbenaceae : シチヘンゲ属 Lantana : ランタナ L. camara 学名 Lantana camara 和名 ランタナ、シチヘンゲ(七変化) 英名 Lantana  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ランタナに関連するメディアがあります。  src= ウィキメディア・コモンズには、ランタナ属に関連するメディアがあります。

ランタナ(Lantana、学名Lantana camara)はクマツヅラ科の常緑小低木。中南米が原産。観賞用に栽培される。和名はシチヘンゲ(七変化)。鮮やかな色のをつけ、その色が次第に変化することに由来する。

分布[編集]

南アメリカ原産[1]

世界中に帰化植物として定着している。日本では小笠原諸島沖縄諸島に移入分布している[1]

特徴[編集]

多数の小花からなる散形花序をつける。開花後、時間がたつと次第に花色が変わるため、同一花序でも外側と内側では花色が異なる(内側が新しい)。開花時期がアジサイと重なり葉の形も似ているが、アジサイとは全く別種で全体的に小さく花の色は派手である。

果実は黒い液果で有毒といわれるが、が食べ種子を散布する(種子を噛み砕く可能性の強い哺乳類には有毒だが鳥類には無毒という液果をもつ植物は多い)。は断面が四角で細かいとげが密生する。は対生し表面がざらついている。暖地では戸外でもよく育ち高さ1.5mほどになる。

世界の侵略的外来種ワースト100に選定されている。

ランタナ属は中南米や南欧原産の約150種の低木または多年草を含む。熱帯亜熱帯では広く野生化し、オーストラリア東南アジアではやっかいな雑草として問題になっている。ややツル状に横に這って茂みを作り、茎には細かい逆棘があるため扱いにくい。他方、花には多くのチョウが集まり、見応えがある。

ランタナ属でよく栽培されるものとしては、ランタナの他に、小型で地面を這い赤、紫などの花をつけるコバノランタナLantana montevidensis)、あるいはこれらの雑種がある。

  •  src=

    ピンク、白

  •  src=

    ピンク、黄

  •  src=

  •  src=

  •  src=

  •  src=

    枝振り

脚注[編集]

  1. ^ a b ランタナ 国立環境研究所 侵入生物DB

関連項目[編集]

 title=
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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
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wikipedia 日本語

ランタナ: Brief Summary ( Japanese )

provided by wikipedia 日本語

ランタナ(Lantana、学名:Lantana camara)はクマツヅラ科の常緑小低木。中南米が原産。観賞用に栽培される。和名はシチヘンゲ(七変化)。鮮やかな色のをつけ、その色が次第に変化することに由来する。

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ウィキペディアの著者と編集者
original
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wikipedia 日本語