Frogs And Toads

Anura (Graece an- 'sine' + oura 'cauda') sunt varius et plerumque carnivorus Amphibiorum corporis brevis sine cauda ordo taxinomicus, inter quem insigniter ranae et bufones, animalia familiarissima. Priscum "protoanurum" fossile Triassico novo in Madagascaria apparuit, sed horologium moleculare subicit origines ordinis fortasse retro ad Permianum, abhinc annorum 265 millionum, extendisse. Anuris est latissima distributio geographica, a tropicis ad regiones subarcticas, sed maxima diversitas specierum in silvis pluvialibus tropicis fit. Quia sunt circa 4800 specierum descriptarum, Anura inter diversissimos vertebratorum greges numerantur. Saliendi moris causa, ea Salientia olim appellata sunt.

Nexus interni

• Scinax x-signatus

Bibliographia

• Beltz, Ellin. 2005. Frogs: Inside their Remarkable World. Firefly Books. ISBN 1-55297-869-9.
• Cogger, H. G., R. G. Zweifel, et D. Kirschner. 2004. Encyclopedia of Reptiles & Amphibians. Ed. 2a. Fog City Press. ISBN 1-877019-69-0.
• Estes, R., et O. A. Reig. 1973. The early fossil record of frogs: a review of the evidence. In Evolutionary Biology of the Anurans: Contemporary Research on Major Problems, ed J. L. Vial, 11–63. Columbiae Missuriae: University of Missouri Press.
  

  Bombina bombina.
• Gissi, Carmela, Diego San Mauro, Graziano Pesole, et Rafael Zardoya. 2006. Mitochondrial phylogeny of Anura (Amphibia): A case study of congruent phylogenetic reconstruction using amino acid and nucleotide characters. Gene 366(2, Februario): 228–237. doi:10.1016/j.gene.2005.07.034. PMID 16307849.
• Holman, J. A. 2004. Fossil Frogs and Toads of North America. Bloomingtoniae: Indiana University Press. ISBN 0-253-34280-5.
• San Mauro, Diego, Miguel Vences, Marina Alcobendas, Rafael Zardoya, et Axel Meyer. 2005. Initial diversification of living amphibians predated the breakup of Pangaea. American Naturalist 165(5):590–599. doi:10.1086/429523. PMID 15795855. URL.
• Tyler, M. J. 1994. Australian Frogs: A Natural History. Wellingtoniae Novae Zelandiae: Reed Books. ISBN 0-7301-0468-0.